戈壁生态系统蚁穴微生境对大型土壤动物多样性的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2022282

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 22282. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022282

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康；昆虫多样性与生态功能

戈壁生态系统蚁穴微生境对大型土壤动物多样性的影响

冯怡琳¹^,², 王永珍³, 林永一³, 赵文智²^,³, 高俊伟⁴, 刘继亮³^,^*()

1.宁夏大学生态环境学院, 银川 750021
2.西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地/西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021
3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院临泽内陆河流域研究站, 兰州 730000
4.临泽县治沙试验站, 甘肃临泽 734200

收稿日期:2022-05-23 接受日期:2022-09-06 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-10-24
通讯作者: *E-mail: liujl707@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41771290)

Effects of ant nest microhabitats on the diversity of soil macrofauna in gobi ecosystems

Yilin Feng¹^,², Yongzhen Wang³, Yongyi Lin³, Wenzhi Zhao²^,³, Junwei Gao⁴, Jiliang Liu³^,^*()

1. School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
2. Breeding Base for State Key Lab. of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China / Key Lab. of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021
3. Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000
4. Linze Desertification Control Basin Research Station, Linze, Gansu 734200

Received:2022-05-23 Accepted:2022-09-06 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-10-24
Contact: *E-mail: liujl707@lzb.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

收获蚁蚁穴是戈壁生态系统中重要的微生境, 它通过汇集凋落物和改善土壤环境强烈影响动植物的分布及多样性。鉴于此, 本文选择戈壁荒漠收获蚁(Messor desertus)蚁穴为研究对象, 于2020年5月、6月和10月利用陷阱法调查了蚁穴及毗邻裸地大型土壤动物的种类组成及数量变化, 并分析其影响要素。结果表明: (1) 10月, 蚁穴和裸地间大型土壤动物群落组成存在显著差异, 而5月和6月二者间相差较小, 10月(62.9%)蚁穴和裸地大型土壤动物的平均相异性高于5月(34.8%)和6月(39.3%); (2) 5月, 蚁穴大型土壤动物均匀度指数显著低于裸地, 6月, 蚁穴大型土壤动物活动密度和类群丰富度均显著高于裸地, 10月, 蚁穴大型土壤动物类群丰富度和多样性指数均显著高于裸地; (3)荒漠收获蚁蚁穴显著提高了其他食性土壤动物的活动密度及类群丰富度, 还增强了捕食性和非捕食性土壤动物的相互作用关系并改变了荒漠收获蚁与蚁穴大型土壤动物类群的种间相互作用关系; (4) pRDA排序结果表明, 土壤电导率、全氮和粉粒含量是影响蚁穴和裸地大型土壤动物分布的主要土壤因子。总之, 戈壁生态系统荒漠收获蚁蚁穴微生境提高了大型土壤动物多样性, 改变了大型土壤动物类群间的营养和非营养关系, 这会影响大型土壤动物的营养结构及其功能。

关键词: 戈壁, 荒漠收获蚁, 蚁穴, 大型土壤动物, 营养结构

Abstract

Aims: Harvest ant nests are an important microhabitat in gobi ecosystems that greatly affect the distribution and diversity of animals and plants by enhancing litter and improving the soil environment. This study analyzed the distribution pattern and influencing factors of soil macrofauna diversity between ant nest and adjacent bare ground microhabitats.
Methods: We investigated the assemblage of soil macrofauna in gobi Messor desertus ant nests and adjacent bare ground microhabitats using pitfall traps in May, June, and October 2020.
Results: (1) The community composition of soil macrofauna differed between ant nest and adjacent bare ground microhabitats and showed obvious seasonal variations. Soil macrofauna communities of ant nests and adjacent bare ground differed significantly in October, with an average dissimilarity of 62.9%. Slight differences were also observed in May and June, with 34.8% and 39.3% average dissimilarity, respectively. (2) The activity density and groups richness of soil macrofauna were significantly higher in ant nests than in adjacent bare ground microhabitats in June; the groups richness and diversity index of soil macrofauna communities were also higher in ant nests in October, and the evenness index of soil macrofauna communities was significantly lower in ant nests than bare ground microhabitats in May. (3) Ant nests significantly increased the activity density and groups richness, which increased the interactions between predatory and non-predatory soil macrofauna and altered the interactions between Messor desertus and some soil macrofauna groups. (4) pRDA showed that soil electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, and silt content were the main soil factors driving the distribution of soil macrofauna communities between ant nest and adjacent bare ground microhabitats.
Conclusion: Messor desertus ant nests increased the diversity of soil macrofauna communities and altered the trophic and non-trophic relationship among soil macrofauna groups, which affects the trophic structure and ecological function of soil macrofauna communities.

Key words: gobi, Messor desertus, ant nests, soil macrofauna, trophic groups

冯怡琳, 王永珍, 林永一, 赵文智, 高俊伟, 刘继亮 (2022) 戈壁生态系统蚁穴微生境对大型土壤动物多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 30, 22282. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022282.

Yilin Feng, Yongzhen Wang, Yongyi Lin, Wenzhi Zhao, Junwei Gao, Jiliang Liu (2022) Effects of ant nest microhabitats on the diversity of soil macrofauna in gobi ecosystems. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22282. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022282.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022282

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I12/22282

图/表 8

图1 荒漠收获蚁蚁穴周边的植物和动物。(a)红砂幼苗及草本; (b)荒漠沙蜥; (c)沙狐; (d)大耳猬。

Fig. 1 The plants and animals around the Messor desertus ant nests. (a) Reaumuria songarica seedlings and herbs; (b) Phrynocephalus przewalskii; (c) Vulpes corsac; (d) Hemiechinus auritus.

表1 蚁穴和毗邻裸地微生境的土壤理化性质

Table 1 Soil physical and chemical properties in ant nest and adjacent bare ground microhabitats

环境变量 Environmental variables	蚁穴 Ant nest microhabitats	裸地 Bare ground microhabitats
pH	8.19 ± 0.03	8.34 ± 0.10
电导率 Electrical conductivity (us/cm)	760.34 ± 54.95	3,485.71 ± 991.06^*
有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g/kg)	3.67 ± 0.24	3.40 ± 0.17
全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	0.12 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.01⁺
全磷 Total phosphorus (g/kg)	0.37 ± 0.01	0.45 ± 0.02^*
全钾 Total potassium (g/kg)	22.62 ± 0.30	24.25 ± 0.33^*
黏粒 Clay content (%)	2.44 ± 0.18	6.63 ± 1.27^*
粉粒 Silt content (%)	27.24 ± 2.76	37.21 ± 3.62^*
砂粒 Sand content (%)	70.33 ± 2.93	56.16 ± 4.80^*

表2 采样期和微生境对大型土壤动物活动密度、类群丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数的二因素方差分析结果

Table 2 The results of two-way ANOVA analysis of sampling periods and microhabitats effected on the variance of the activity density, groups richness, diversity index and evenness index of soil macrofauna community

	采样期 Sampling periods (S)		微生境 Microhabitats (M)		S × M
	F	P	F	P	F	P
活动密度 Activity density	91.80	< 0.001	5.15	0.028	0.34	0.714
类群丰富度 Groups richness	5.94	0.005	14.56	< 0.001	0.72	0.493
多样性指数 Diversity index	12.37	< 0.001	2.59	0.115	2.17	0.126
均匀度指数 Evenness index	60.47	< 0.001	1.86	0.180	1.43	0.251

图2 5月、6月和10月蚁穴和毗邻的裸地大型土壤动物活动密度、类群丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数比较。+ P < 0.1, * P < 0.05。

Fig. 2 The activity density, groups richness, diversity index and evenness index of soil macrofauna community between ant nest and adjacent bare ground microhabitats in May, June and October

图3 蚁穴和毗邻裸地微生境捕食性、植食性和其他食性土壤动物活动密度、类群丰富度和相对多度比较

Fig. 3 The activity density, groups richness, and relative abundance of predatory, herbivorous, and other groups in soil macrofauna community between ant nest and adjacent bare ground microhabitats

图4 蚁穴(ANM)和裸地(BGM)微生境捕食性和非捕食性土壤动物活动密度的关系

Fig. 4 The relationship of the activity density of predators and non-predators between ant nest (ANM) and adjacent bare ground (BGM) microhabitats

图5 蚁穴和毗邻裸地微生境大型土壤动物与3个土壤因子的RDA排序图。图中○代表蚁穴, □代表毗邻裸地。实线箭头代表环境因子, EC为电导率, TN为土壤全氮, SC为粉粒含量; 虚线箭头代表土壤动物类群, Kar: 卡尔避日蛛科; But: 钳蝎科; Scl: 硬体盲蛛科; Lyc: 狼蛛科; Gna: 平腹蛛科; Sal: 跳蛛科; Phi: 逍遥蛛科; The: 球蛛科; Eri: 微蛛亚科; Tho: 蟹蛛科; Oni: 潮虫科; Chr: 草蛉科; Phl: 管蓟马科; Acr: 蝗科; Lyg: 长蝽科; Cic: 叶蝉科; Mar: 绵蚧科; Aphi: 蚜科; Car: 步甲科; His: 阎甲科; Sta: 隐翅虫科; Coc: 瓢虫科; Geo: 粪金龟科; Cur: 象甲科; Apho: 蜉金龟科; Sio: 锯谷盗科; Cet: 花金龟科; Ten: 拟步甲科; Asi: 食虫虻科; Syr: 食蚜蝇科; Noc: 夜蛾科幼虫; Sph: 泥蜂科; Cha: 小蜂科; Ves: 胡蜂科; Sce: 缘腹细蜂科; For: 蚁科。

Fig. 5 The RDA two-dimensional ordination diagram of soil macrofauna community and three soil factors in ant nest and adjacent bare ground microhabitats. ○ represents ant nests, □ represents bare ground microhabitats. The solid arrows represent environmental factors. EC, Electrical conductivity; TN, Total nitrogen; SC, Silt content. Dotted arrows represent soil macrofauna communities. Kar, Karschiidae; But, Buthidae; Scl, Sclerosomatidae; Lyc, Lycosidae; Gna, Gnaphosidae; Sal, Salticidae; Phi, Philodromidae; The, Theridiidae; Eri, Erigoninae; Tho, Thomisidae; Oni, Oniscidae; Chr, Chrysopidae; Phl, Phlaeothripidae; Acr, Acrididae; Lyg, Lygaeidae; Cic, Cicadellidae; Mar, Margarodidae; Aphi, Aphididae; Car, Carabidae; His, Histeridae; Sta, Staphylinidae; Coc, Coccinellidae; Geo, Geotrupidae; Cur, Curculionidae; Apho, Aphodiidae; Sio, Siovanidae; Cet, Cetoniidae; Ten, Tenebrionidae; Asi, Asilidae; Syr, Syrphidae; Noc, Noctuidae larvae; Sph, Sphecidae; Cha, Chalcididae; Ves, Vespidae; Sce, Scelionidae; For, Formicidae.

表3 蚁穴和裸地微生境荒漠收获蚁活动密度与大型土壤动物群落结构参数及主要类群活动密度的Spearman相关系数

Table 3 Spearman’s correlation coefficient of the activity density in Messor desertus and community structure parameters of soil macrofauna community, the activity density of dominant groups at ant nest and bare ground microhabitats

	蚁穴 Ant nest microhabitats		裸地 Bare ground microhabitats
	r	P	r	P
大型土壤动物 Soil macrofauna
活动密度 Activity density	-0.16	0.459	-0.12	0.576
类群丰富度 Groups richness	-0.16	0.452	-0.16	0.448
多样性指数 Diversity index	-0.01	0.992	-0.16	0.460
均匀度指数 Evenness index	0.11	0.627	-0.02	0.944
主要类群 Dominant groups
平腹蛛科 Gnaphosidae	-0.04	0.854	-0.22	0.309
球蛛科 Theridiidae	-0.11	0.604	-0.17	0.429
长蝽科 Lygaeidae	-0.24	0.264	-0.05	0.830
叶蝉科 Cicadellidae	0.12	0.584	0.48	0.018
蚜科 Aphididae	0.39	0.061	0.52	0.009
隐翅虫科 Staphylinidae	-0.30	0.158	-0.13	0.545
粪金龟科 Geotrupidae	0.06	0.786	-0.46	0.025
象甲科 Curculionidae	0.42	0.041	-0.16	0.449
拟步甲科 Tenebrionidae	-0.05	0.816	-0.37	0.075
蚁科 Formicidae	-0.44	0.033	-0.21	0.337

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戈壁生态系统蚁穴微生境对大型土壤动物多样性的影响

Effects of ant nest microhabitats on the diversity of soil macrofauna in gobi ecosystems

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