中国极小种群野生植物保护理论与实践研究进展

doi:10.17520/biods.2022505

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 22505. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022505

中国极小种群野生植物保护理论与实践研究进展

许玥¹^,², 臧润国¹^,²^,^*()

1.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所/生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100091
2.南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037

收稿日期:2022-09-02 接受日期:2022-10-13 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-10-14
通讯作者: 臧润国
作者简介:* E-mail: zangrung@caf.ac.cn;
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0503100);“极小种群野生植物就地保护及生境恢复技术研究与示范”课题(2016YFC0503103);国家自然科学基金(42271069)

Theoretical and practical research on conservation of Wild Plants with Extremely Small Populations in China

Yue Xu¹^,², Runguo Zang¹^,²^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091
2. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037

Received:2022-09-02 Accepted:2022-10-13 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-10-14
Contact: Runguo Zang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

极小种群野生植物大都分布范围狭窄、个体数量稀少且自然更新困难, 面临随时灭绝的风险, 迫切需要拯救性保护。极小种群野生植物这一概念自提出以来受到了保护生物学领域的广泛关注, 已成为当前中国生物多样性保护的一个热点方向。我国于2010年正式启动实施极小种群野生植物拯救保护工程, 并开展了大量的保护研究和实践。以“extremely small population*”和“plant”为检索词在Web of Science进行了主题检索, 以“极小种群”和“植物”为检索词在中国知网进行了主题检索, 对获取的的学术期刊论文、学位论文和会议论文进行了梳理。本文从极小种群野生植物种群、群落及生境调查与监测、适应性、遗传多样性、繁殖生物学、濒危机制、动态模型6个方面对近年来极小种群野生植物的理论研究工作进行了较为系统的综述。在此基础上, 从就地保护、迁地保护与种质资源保存、野外回归、人工繁育、标准化体系5个方面回顾了极小种群野生植物保护实践及取得的进展。基于极小种群野生植物保护理论与实践研究现状, 我们建议在极小种群野生植物未来保护工作中不断调整和完善保护名录, 加强种群结构的观测和预测、小种群形成和恢复机制的针对性研究以及特定物种的长期系统性研究, 同时促进这一概念在国际上的推广。希望本文能为国家生物多样性保护和生态文明建设提供参考。

关键词: 极小种群野生植物, 理论研究, 保护实践, 成效, 不足

Abstract

Aims: Wild Plants with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP) are plant species with high risk of extinction that are in urgent need of conservation. This concept has become a hotspot of biodiversity conservation in China since it was first proposed. In 2010, China officially launched the Implementation Plan of Rescuing and Conserving China’s WPESP (2011-2015), which initiated conservation research efforts and achieved successful progress.
Methods: We conducted a topic search on Web of Science and on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) with “extremely small population*” and “plant” as the search terms. We reviewed the research results and achievements from academic papers, dissertations, and conference papers in order to evaluate the conservation of WPESP in China.
Results: WPESP research provides an important theoretical basis to guide conservation practice. We systematically reviewed research on the conservation of WPESP in recent years from six aspects: (1) the survey and monitoring of population, community and habitat, (2) adaptation, (3) genetic diversity, (4) reproductive biology, (5) endangered mechanisms, and (6) dynamic models. In this paper, we reviewed WPESP conservation progress from five aspects: (1) in situ conservation, (2) ex situ conservation and germplasm conservation, (3) reintroduction, (4) artificial propagation, and (5) technical regulation system construction. We also proposed several priorities for future conservation research.
Conclusions: Based on current theoretical and practical research, we propose five priorities for future conservation research of WPESP in China. We suggest that the conservation list should be adjusted and improved periodically. Researchers should highlight the observation and prediction of population structure, reinforce research on the formation and recovery mechanisms of small populations and conduct long-term systematic studies of specific species. The WPESP concept should be promoted at international levels to increase its influence. We hope this review may provide a reference for national biodiversity protection and ecological civilization construction.

Key words: Wild Plants with Extremely Small Populations, theoretical research, conservation practice, progress, deficiency

许玥, 臧润国 (2022) 中国极小种群野生植物保护理论与实践研究进展. 生物多样性, 30, 22505. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022505.

Yue Xu, Runguo Zang (2022) Theoretical and practical research on conservation of Wild Plants with Extremely Small Populations in China. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22505. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022505.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022505

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I10/22505

图/表 3

图1 极小种群野生植物研究文献出版数量时间分布图

Fig. 1 Time distribution of articles about Wild Plants with Extremely Small Populations

图2 极小种群野生植物保育理论研究涉及方面及文献数量

Fig. 2 Aspects and quantities of literatures on conservation theory of Wild Plants with Extremely Small Populations

图3 极小种群野生植物保育实践研究涉及方面及文献数量

Fig. 3 Aspects and quantities of literatures on conservation practice of Wild Plants with Extremely Small Populations

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中国极小种群野生植物保护理论与实践研究进展

Theoretical and practical research on conservation of Wild Plants with Extremely Small Populations in China

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