14种中国典型极小种群野生植物繁育特性和人工繁殖研究进展

doi:10.17520/biods.2020045

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 385-400. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020045

• 综述 • 上一篇

14种中国典型极小种群野生植物繁育特性和人工繁殖研究进展

邓莎^1,²,吴艳妮^1,²,吴坤林¹,房林¹,李琳¹,曾宋君^1,^3,^*()

^1. 中国科学院华南植物园华南农业植物分子分析与遗传改良重点实验室, 广州 510650
^2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
^3. 中国科学院华南植物园广东省应用植物学重点实验室, 广州 510650

收稿日期:2020-02-17 接受日期:2020-04-27 出版日期:2020-03-20 发布日期:2020-04-30
通讯作者: 曾宋君
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0503100);“极小种群野生植物扩繁技术研究与示范”课题(2016YFC0503104);和中国科学院战略生物资源服务网络计划植物种质资源创新项目(kfj-brsn-2018-6-005)

Breeding characteristics and artificial propagation of 14 species of Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP) in China

Sha Deng^1,²,Yanni Wu^1,²,Kunlin Wu¹,Lin Fang¹,Lin Li¹,Songjun Zeng^1,^3,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650

Received:2020-02-17 Accepted:2020-04-27 Online:2020-03-20 Published:2020-04-30
Contact: Songjun Zeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

繁殖是植物种群更新与维持的重要环节。包括极小种群野生植物在内的受威胁物种, 其濒危原因是在长期演化过程中自身繁育力的衰退、生活力的下降等内在因素和人类的过度采挖和生境的破坏等外在因素共同作用的结果。对极小种群野生植物进行高效的人工繁殖, 能扩大种群数量并应用于迁地保护、自然回归和满足商品市场的需求, 有利于其种质资源的保护和可持续利用。为了保持物种的遗传多样性, 采用种子繁殖育苗是有效的方法, 扦插、嫁接和组织培养技术等无性繁殖方法则可用于对难以用种子繁殖的种类进行快速繁殖。本文对14种中国典型极小种群野生植物的繁殖特性和已有的人工繁殖方法进行了综述, 并简要介绍在其种苗繁殖研究方面取得的进展。其中利用播种繁殖成功的物种有12种, 共繁殖230,000株种苗; 利用扦插繁殖成功的物种有5种, 共繁殖33,100株种苗; 华盖木(Manglietiastrum sinicum)、河北梨(Pyrus hopeiensis)和黄梅秤锤树(Sinojackia huangmeiensis)采用嫁接繁殖出了2,415株种苗; 9个物种的组织培养技术获得成功, 共繁殖了24,850株种苗。这些种苗有些已应用于迁地保护和自然回归。上述研究结果为这14种极小种群野生植物的保护和利用提供了理论和技术基础, 也能为其他极小种群野生植物的保护和利用提供参考。

关键词: 极小种群野生植物, 播种, 扦插, 嫁接, 组织培养

Abstract

Reproduction is an important part of plant population renewal and maintenance. Threatened species including the Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP), are the result of a combination of internal factors, such as declines in reproductive ability and evolutionary longevity, and external factors, such as artificial over-harvesting and habitat destruction. Efficient artificial reproduction of WPESP can be used for ex situ conservation, reintroduction, and, in some cases, meet the demands of the commodities market, which underscores the need for protection and sustainable use of their germplasm. Seed propagation is the most effective method for maintaining genetic diversity in these speices. However, cutting, grafting and tissue culture are effective supplements for these species that are especially difficult to propagate from seed. Here, we report on the breeding characteristics and propagation methods of 14 typical speices of WPESP selected by our National Key Research Projects of China, and the progress of seedling propagation. A total of 230,000 seedlings from 12 species were produced via sowing, 33,100 seedlings from 5 species via cutting, 2,415 seedlings from 3 species including Manglietiastrum sinicum, Pyrus hopeiensis and Sinojackia huangmeiensis via grafting, 24,850 plantlets from 9 species via tissue culture. The results of this study provide a basis for the protection and use of these 14 species, providing a reference for other WPESP in China.

Key words: Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP), sowing, cutting, grafting, tissue culture

邓莎, 吴艳妮, 吴坤林, 房林, 李琳, 曾宋君 (2020) 14种中国典型极小种群野生植物繁育特性和人工繁殖研究进展. 生物多样性, 28, 385-400. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020045.

Sha Deng, Yanni Wu, Kunlin Wu, Lin Fang, Lin Li, Songjun Zeng (2020) Breeding characteristics and artificial propagation of 14 species of Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP) in China. Biodiversity Science, 28, 385-400. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020045.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2020045

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I3/385

图/表 2

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物种 Species	中国分布地点 Distributions in China	分布地点数No. of localities	野生植株数 No. of wild plants	人工繁殖方法 Artificial propagation methods
物种 Species				播种 Seeding	扦插 Cutting	嫁接 Grafting	组织培养 Tissue culture
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides	湖北利川县、重庆石柱县和湖南龙山县 Lichuan City of Hubei, Shizhu County of Chongqing, and Longshan County of Hunan	3	5,681	√	√	√	√
东北红豆杉 Taxus cuspidata	辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省18个县 18 counties of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang	18	42,700	√	√	-	√
坡垒 Hopea hainanensis	海南乐东县、白沙县和琼中县 Ledong, Baisha, and Qiongzhong counties of Hainan	4	89,300	√	√	√	-
盐桦 Betula halophile	新疆阿勒泰和博乐市 Alatai and Bole cities of Xinjiang	2	282	√	√	-	√
华盖木 Manglietiastrum sinicum	云南西畴县和马关县 Xichou and Maguan counties of Yunnan	1	18	√	√	-	√
天目铁木 Ostrya rehderiana	浙江临安县 Lin’an County of Zhejiang	1	5	√	√	-	√
崖柏 Thuja sutchuenensis	重庆城口县和开县 Chengkou and Kaixian counties of Chongqing	2	4,500	√	√	-	√
梓叶槭 Acer catalpifolium	四川都江堰市、峨眉山市、雷波县、筠连县、北川县 Dujiangyan, Emeishan, Leibo, Junlian, and Beichuan counties of Sichuan	5	53	√	-	-	-
海伦兜兰 Paphiopedilum helenae	广西那坡县 Napo County of Guangxi	1	35	√	-	-	-
瑶山苣苔 Dayaoshania cotinifolia	广西金秀县 Jinxiu County of Guangxi	1	9,600	√	-		√
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis	湖北黄梅县 Huangmei County of Hubei	1	867	-	-	-	-
河北梨 Pyrus hopeiensis	河北昌黎县 Changli County of Hebei	1	200	-	-	-	-
密叶红豆杉 Taxus fuana	西藏吉隆县 Jilong County of Xizang	1	34,000	-	-	-	-
仙湖苏铁 Cycas fairylakea	广东深圳市、曲江县、连县、鹤山县 Shenzhen, Qujiang, Lianxian, and Heshan counties of Guangdong	4	1,500	-	-	-	-

物种 Species	中国分布地点 Distributions in China	分布地点数No. of localities	野生植株数 No. of wild plants	人工繁殖方法 Artificial propagation methods
物种 Species				播种 Seeding	扦插 Cutting	嫁接 Grafting	组织培养 Tissue culture
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides	湖北利川县、重庆石柱县和湖南龙山县 Lichuan City of Hubei, Shizhu County of Chongqing, and Longshan County of Hunan	3	5,681	√	√	√	√
东北红豆杉 Taxus cuspidata	辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省18个县 18 counties of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang	18	42,700	√	√	-	√
坡垒 Hopea hainanensis	海南乐东县、白沙县和琼中县 Ledong, Baisha, and Qiongzhong counties of Hainan	4	89,300	√	√	√	-
盐桦 Betula halophile	新疆阿勒泰和博乐市 Alatai and Bole cities of Xinjiang	2	282	√	√	-	√
华盖木 Manglietiastrum sinicum	云南西畴县和马关县 Xichou and Maguan counties of Yunnan	1	18	√	√	-	√
天目铁木 Ostrya rehderiana	浙江临安县 Lin’an County of Zhejiang	1	5	√	√	-	√
崖柏 Thuja sutchuenensis	重庆城口县和开县 Chengkou and Kaixian counties of Chongqing	2	4,500	√	√	-	√
梓叶槭 Acer catalpifolium	四川都江堰市、峨眉山市、雷波县、筠连县、北川县 Dujiangyan, Emeishan, Leibo, Junlian, and Beichuan counties of Sichuan	5	53	√	-	-	-
海伦兜兰 Paphiopedilum helenae	广西那坡县 Napo County of Guangxi	1	35	√	-	-	-
瑶山苣苔 Dayaoshania cotinifolia	广西金秀县 Jinxiu County of Guangxi	1	9,600	√	-		√
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis	湖北黄梅县 Huangmei County of Hubei	1	867	-	-	-	-
河北梨 Pyrus hopeiensis	河北昌黎县 Changli County of Hebei	1	200	-	-	-	-
密叶红豆杉 Taxus fuana	西藏吉隆县 Jilong County of Xizang	1	34,000	-	-	-	-
仙湖苏铁 Cycas fairylakea	广东深圳市、曲江县、连县、鹤山县 Shenzhen, Qujiang, Lianxian, and Heshan counties of Guangdong	4	1,500	-	-	-	-

物种 Species	人工繁殖数量 Number of seedlings by artificial propagation
物种 Species	播种 Seeding		扦插 Cutting		嫁接 Grafting		组织培养 Tissue culture
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides	50,000	1,500				500
东北红豆杉 Taxus cuspidata	50,000					-
坡垒 Hopea hainanensis	50,000					-
盐桦 Betula halophile	4,500					10,000
华盖木 Manglietiastrum sinicum	5,000			200		50
天目铁木 Ostrya rehderiana	5,000					0
崖柏 Thuja sutchuenensis	50,000	300				100
梓叶槭 Acer catalpifolium	2,000					300
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis	500	30,000		15		2,000
河北梨 Pyrus hopeiensis	-			2,200		900
密叶红豆杉 Taxus fuana	-	800				0
仙湖苏铁 Cycas fairylakea	1,000					0
海伦兜兰 Paphiopedilum helenae	10,000					1,000
瑶山苣苔 Dayaoshania cotinifolia	2,000	500				10,000
合计 Total	230,000	33,100		2,415		24,850

物种 Species	人工繁殖数量 Number of seedlings by artificial propagation
物种 Species	播种 Seeding		扦插 Cutting		嫁接 Grafting		组织培养 Tissue culture
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides	50,000	1,500				500
东北红豆杉 Taxus cuspidata	50,000					-
坡垒 Hopea hainanensis	50,000					-
盐桦 Betula halophile	4,500					10,000
华盖木 Manglietiastrum sinicum	5,000			200		50
天目铁木 Ostrya rehderiana	5,000					0
崖柏 Thuja sutchuenensis	50,000	300				100
梓叶槭 Acer catalpifolium	2,000					300
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis	500	30,000		15		2,000
河北梨 Pyrus hopeiensis	-			2,200		900
密叶红豆杉 Taxus fuana	-	800				0
仙湖苏铁 Cycas fairylakea	1,000					0
海伦兜兰 Paphiopedilum helenae	10,000					1,000
瑶山苣苔 Dayaoshania cotinifolia	2,000	500				10,000
合计 Total	230,000	33,100		2,415		24,850

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14种中国典型极小种群野生植物繁育特性和人工繁殖研究进展

Breeding characteristics and artificial propagation of 14 species of Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP) in China

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