生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 385-400. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020045
• 综述 • 上一篇
邓莎1,2,吴艳妮1,2,吴坤林1,房林1,李琳1,曾宋君1,3,*()
收稿日期:
2020-02-17
接受日期:
2020-04-27
出版日期:
2020-03-20
发布日期:
2020-04-30
通讯作者:
曾宋君
基金资助:
Sha Deng1,2,Yanni Wu1,2,Kunlin Wu1,Lin Fang1,Lin Li1,Songjun Zeng1,3,*()
Received:
2020-02-17
Accepted:
2020-04-27
Online:
2020-03-20
Published:
2020-04-30
Contact:
Songjun Zeng
摘要:
繁殖是植物种群更新与维持的重要环节。包括极小种群野生植物在内的受威胁物种, 其濒危原因是在长期演化过程中自身繁育力的衰退、生活力的下降等内在因素和人类的过度采挖和生境的破坏等外在因素共同作用的结果。对极小种群野生植物进行高效的人工繁殖, 能扩大种群数量并应用于迁地保护、自然回归和满足商品市场的需求, 有利于其种质资源的保护和可持续利用。为了保持物种的遗传多样性, 采用种子繁殖育苗是有效的方法, 扦插、嫁接和组织培养技术等无性繁殖方法则可用于对难以用种子繁殖的种类进行快速繁殖。本文对14种中国典型极小种群野生植物的繁殖特性和已有的人工繁殖方法进行了综述, 并简要介绍在其种苗繁殖研究方面取得的进展。其中利用播种繁殖成功的物种有12种, 共繁殖230,000株种苗; 利用扦插繁殖成功的物种有5种, 共繁殖33,100株种苗; 华盖木(Manglietiastrum sinicum)、河北梨(Pyrus hopeiensis)和黄梅秤锤树(Sinojackia huangmeiensis)采用嫁接繁殖出了2,415株种苗; 9个物种的组织培养技术获得成功, 共繁殖了24,850株种苗。这些种苗有些已应用于迁地保护和自然回归。上述研究结果为这14种极小种群野生植物的保护和利用提供了理论和技术基础, 也能为其他极小种群野生植物的保护和利用提供参考。
邓莎, 吴艳妮, 吴坤林, 房林, 李琳, 曾宋君 (2020) 14种中国典型极小种群野生植物繁育特性和人工繁殖研究进展. 生物多样性, 28, 385-400. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020045.
Sha Deng, Yanni Wu, Kunlin Wu, Lin Fang, Lin Li, Songjun Zeng (2020) Breeding characteristics and artificial propagation of 14 species of Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP) in China. Biodiversity Science, 28, 385-400. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020045.
物种 Species | 中国分布地点 Distributions in China | 分布地点数No. of localities | 野生植株数 No. of wild plants | 人工繁殖方法 Artificial propagation methods | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
播种 Seeding | 扦插 Cutting | 嫁接 Grafting | 组织培养 Tissue culture | ||||
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 湖北利川县、重庆石柱县和湖南龙山县 Lichuan City of Hubei, Shizhu County of Chongqing, and Longshan County of Hunan | 3 | 5,681 | √ | √ | √ | √ |
东北红豆杉 Taxus cuspidata | 辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省18个县 18 counties of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang | 18 | 42,700 | √ | √ | - | √ |
坡垒 Hopea hainanensis | 海南乐东县、白沙县和琼中县 Ledong, Baisha, and Qiongzhong counties of Hainan | 4 | 89,300 | √ | √ | √ | - |
盐桦 Betula halophile | 新疆阿勒泰和博乐市 Alatai and Bole cities of Xinjiang | 2 | 282 | √ | √ | - | √ |
华盖木 Manglietiastrum sinicum | 云南西畴县和马关县 Xichou and Maguan counties of Yunnan | 1 | 18 | √ | √ | - | √ |
天目铁木 Ostrya rehderiana | 浙江临安县 Lin’an County of Zhejiang | 1 | 5 | √ | √ | - | √ |
崖柏 Thuja sutchuenensis | 重庆城口县和开县 Chengkou and Kaixian counties of Chongqing | 2 | 4,500 | √ | √ | - | √ |
梓叶槭 Acer catalpifolium | 四川都江堰市、峨眉山市、雷波县、 筠连县、北川县 Dujiangyan, Emeishan, Leibo, Junlian, and Beichuan counties of Sichuan | 5 | 53 | √ | - | - | - |
海伦兜兰 Paphiopedilum helenae | 广西那坡县 Napo County of Guangxi | 1 | 35 | √ | - | - | - |
瑶山苣苔 Dayaoshania cotinifolia | 广西金秀县 Jinxiu County of Guangxi | 1 | 9,600 | √ | - | √ | |
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis | 湖北黄梅县 Huangmei County of Hubei | 1 | 867 | - | - | - | - |
河北梨 Pyrus hopeiensis | 河北昌黎县 Changli County of Hebei | 1 | 200 | - | - | - | - |
密叶红豆杉 Taxus fuana | 西藏吉隆县 Jilong County of Xizang | 1 | 34,000 | - | - | - | - |
仙湖苏铁 Cycas fairylakea | 广东深圳市、曲江县、连县、鹤山县 Shenzhen, Qujiang, Lianxian, and Heshan counties of Guangdong | 4 | 1,500 | - | - | - | - |
表1 项目开展前14种中国典型极小种群野生植物在中国的分布、种群大小和人工繁殖状况
Table 1 Distributions and population size of 14 species of Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations in China and their artificial propagation status before the Project
物种 Species | 中国分布地点 Distributions in China | 分布地点数No. of localities | 野生植株数 No. of wild plants | 人工繁殖方法 Artificial propagation methods | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
播种 Seeding | 扦插 Cutting | 嫁接 Grafting | 组织培养 Tissue culture | ||||
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 湖北利川县、重庆石柱县和湖南龙山县 Lichuan City of Hubei, Shizhu County of Chongqing, and Longshan County of Hunan | 3 | 5,681 | √ | √ | √ | √ |
东北红豆杉 Taxus cuspidata | 辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省18个县 18 counties of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang | 18 | 42,700 | √ | √ | - | √ |
坡垒 Hopea hainanensis | 海南乐东县、白沙县和琼中县 Ledong, Baisha, and Qiongzhong counties of Hainan | 4 | 89,300 | √ | √ | √ | - |
盐桦 Betula halophile | 新疆阿勒泰和博乐市 Alatai and Bole cities of Xinjiang | 2 | 282 | √ | √ | - | √ |
华盖木 Manglietiastrum sinicum | 云南西畴县和马关县 Xichou and Maguan counties of Yunnan | 1 | 18 | √ | √ | - | √ |
天目铁木 Ostrya rehderiana | 浙江临安县 Lin’an County of Zhejiang | 1 | 5 | √ | √ | - | √ |
崖柏 Thuja sutchuenensis | 重庆城口县和开县 Chengkou and Kaixian counties of Chongqing | 2 | 4,500 | √ | √ | - | √ |
梓叶槭 Acer catalpifolium | 四川都江堰市、峨眉山市、雷波县、 筠连县、北川县 Dujiangyan, Emeishan, Leibo, Junlian, and Beichuan counties of Sichuan | 5 | 53 | √ | - | - | - |
海伦兜兰 Paphiopedilum helenae | 广西那坡县 Napo County of Guangxi | 1 | 35 | √ | - | - | - |
瑶山苣苔 Dayaoshania cotinifolia | 广西金秀县 Jinxiu County of Guangxi | 1 | 9,600 | √ | - | √ | |
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis | 湖北黄梅县 Huangmei County of Hubei | 1 | 867 | - | - | - | - |
河北梨 Pyrus hopeiensis | 河北昌黎县 Changli County of Hebei | 1 | 200 | - | - | - | - |
密叶红豆杉 Taxus fuana | 西藏吉隆县 Jilong County of Xizang | 1 | 34,000 | - | - | - | - |
仙湖苏铁 Cycas fairylakea | 广东深圳市、曲江县、连县、鹤山县 Shenzhen, Qujiang, Lianxian, and Heshan counties of Guangdong | 4 | 1,500 | - | - | - | - |
物种 Species | 人工繁殖数量 Number of seedlings by artificial propagation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
播种 Seeding | 扦插 Cutting | 嫁接 Grafting | 组织培养 Tissue culture | ||||
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 50,000 | 1,500 | 500 | ||||
东北红豆杉 Taxus cuspidata | 50,000 | - | |||||
坡垒 Hopea hainanensis | 50,000 | - | |||||
盐桦 Betula halophile | 4,500 | 10,000 | |||||
华盖木 Manglietiastrum sinicum | 5,000 | 200 | 50 | ||||
天目铁木 Ostrya rehderiana | 5,000 | 0 | |||||
崖柏 Thuja sutchuenensis | 50,000 | 300 | 100 | ||||
梓叶槭 Acer catalpifolium | 2,000 | 300 | |||||
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis | 500 | 30,000 | 15 | 2,000 | |||
河北梨 Pyrus hopeiensis | - | 2,200 | 900 | ||||
密叶红豆杉 Taxus fuana | - | 800 | 0 | ||||
仙湖苏铁 Cycas fairylakea | 1,000 | 0 | |||||
海伦兜兰 Paphiopedilum helenae | 10,000 | 1,000 | |||||
瑶山苣苔 Dayaoshania cotinifolia | 2,000 | 500 | 10,000 | ||||
合计 Total | 230,000 | 33,100 | 2,415 | 24,850 |
表2 项目实施过程中14种中国典型极小种群野生植物采用的繁殖方法和获得的种苗数量
Table 2 Number of seedlings of 14 species of Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations in China by artificial propagation in the Project
物种 Species | 人工繁殖数量 Number of seedlings by artificial propagation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
播种 Seeding | 扦插 Cutting | 嫁接 Grafting | 组织培养 Tissue culture | ||||
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 50,000 | 1,500 | 500 | ||||
东北红豆杉 Taxus cuspidata | 50,000 | - | |||||
坡垒 Hopea hainanensis | 50,000 | - | |||||
盐桦 Betula halophile | 4,500 | 10,000 | |||||
华盖木 Manglietiastrum sinicum | 5,000 | 200 | 50 | ||||
天目铁木 Ostrya rehderiana | 5,000 | 0 | |||||
崖柏 Thuja sutchuenensis | 50,000 | 300 | 100 | ||||
梓叶槭 Acer catalpifolium | 2,000 | 300 | |||||
黄梅秤锤树 Sinojackia huangmeiensis | 500 | 30,000 | 15 | 2,000 | |||
河北梨 Pyrus hopeiensis | - | 2,200 | 900 | ||||
密叶红豆杉 Taxus fuana | - | 800 | 0 | ||||
仙湖苏铁 Cycas fairylakea | 1,000 | 0 | |||||
海伦兜兰 Paphiopedilum helenae | 10,000 | 1,000 | |||||
瑶山苣苔 Dayaoshania cotinifolia | 2,000 | 500 | 10,000 | ||||
合计 Total | 230,000 | 33,100 | 2,415 | 24,850 |
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