极小种群野生植物坡垒的生境特征及其对幼苗多度的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2019143

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 289-295. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019143

极小种群野生植物坡垒的生境特征及其对幼苗多度的影响

路兴慧¹,臧润国^2,^3,^*(),丁易^2,³,黄继红^2,³,许玥^2,³

^1. 聊城大学农学院, 山东聊城 252000
^2. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室, 北京 100091
^3. 南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037

收稿日期:2019-04-26 接受日期:2019-09-01 出版日期:2020-03-20 发布日期:2019-12-24
通讯作者: 臧润国
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0503100);“极小种群野生植物就地保护及生境恢复技术研究与示范”课题(2016YFC0503103);中国林业科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2016QA006)

Habitat characteristics and its effects on seedling abundance of Hopea hainanensis, a Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations

Xinghui Lu¹,Runguo Zang^2,^3,^*(),Yi Ding^2,³,Jihong Huang^2,³,Yue Xu^2,³

^1. College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000
^2. Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091
^3. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037

Received:2019-04-26 Accepted:2019-09-01 Online:2020-03-20 Published:2019-12-24
Contact: Runguo Zang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

极小种群野生植物坡垒(Hopea hainanensis)曾经是热带低地雨林的优势种, 但由于商业采伐和刀耕火种等严重人类干扰及自然更新困难, 致使其种群数量急剧下降到最小可存活的界限, 急需开展种群的拯救恢复工作。而对于坡垒生境适宜性及更新限制的了解, 是进行种群保护及恢复的基础。本文在对野生坡垒种群及其生境因子调查测定的基础上, 分析了生物与非生物生境特征及其对坡垒种群更新幼苗多度的影响。结果表明: 坡垒种群从幼苗至幼树阶段存在着严重的增补限制。坡度小、土壤含水量和有效磷含量高、母株胸径和冠幅较大、伴生种胸高断面积中等的环境是坡垒幼苗较为适宜的生境, 且坡垒幼苗多度与坡度及土壤pH值显著负相关, 与土壤含水量及土壤全磷含量显著正相关。这些研究结果为极小种群野生植物坡垒的就地保护与种群复壮提供了科学依据。

关键词: 极小种群野生植物, 坡垒, 生境因子, 幼苗, 多度

Abstract

Hopea hainanensis, a Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP), is a dominant species in the lowland rainforest on Hainan Island, China. Hopea hainanensis has populations well below minimum viable limits and is now at high extinction risk due to difficulties in regeneration and severe anthropogenic disturbances, such as commercial logging and shifting cultivation. Understanding the habitat requirements and regeneration limitations of H. hainensis is a critical first step to rescue and restore its natural population sizes. Here, based on observations and measurements of wild populations of H. hainanensis, we analyzed the effects of abiotic and biotic environmental factors on seedling abundance. Hopea hainanensis populations exhibited a severe recruitment limitation from the seedling to sapling lifestage. Seedlings occurred most often in habitats with low slope, high soil water content and soil available phosphorus with nearby mother trees with large DBH or crowns and around various species with moderate basal areas. Seedling abundance was negatively correlated with slope and soil pH. Our results provide rationale and direction for proper in situ conservation and population restoration of H. hainanensis.

Key words: Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP), Hopea hainanensis, environmental factors, seedling, abundance

路兴慧, 臧润国, 丁易, 黄继红, 许玥 (2020) 极小种群野生植物坡垒的生境特征及其对幼苗多度的影响. 生物多样性, 28, 289-295. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019143.

Xinghui Lu, Runguo Zang, Yi Ding, Jihong Huang, Yue Xu (2020) Habitat characteristics and its effects on seedling abundance of Hopea hainanensis, a Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations. Biodiversity Science, 28, 289-295. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019143.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019143

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I3/289

图/表 5

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生境因子 Habitat factors	中位数 ± 标准差 Median ± SD	变化范围 Range
海拔 Elevation (m)	560.9 ± 173.67	260-940
坡度 Slope (°)	15.00 ± 10.55	0-40
土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	12.23 ± 7.08	3.60-47.10
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	4.78 ± 0.57	3.80-5.98
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (g/kg)	3.75 ± 1.58	0.13-7.93
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g/kg)	1.38 ± 0.57	0.30-2.49
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (g/kg)	0.17 ± 0.05	0.09-0.34
土壤有效氮 Soil available nitrogen (mg/kg)	86.8 ± 28.03	15.06-140.77
土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus (mg/kg)	15.16 ± 7.09	5.74-34.26
土壤有效钾 Soil available potassium (mg/kg)	147.88 ± 57.50	47.16-296.36
冠层开阔度 Canopy openness (%)	6.94 ± 3.27	2.01-19.49
伴生种胸高断面积 Basal area of companion species (cm²)	1,017.36 ± 996.31	226.86-3,990.67
伴生种树高 Height of companion species (m)	23 ± 4.81	10.00-33.00
母株冠幅 Crown of mother tree (m)	3.63 ± 1.05	1.50-6.50
母株胸径 DBH of mother tree (cm)	20.94 ± 3.60	14.91-33.61
母株高度 Height of mother tree (m)	13.51 ± 1.62	11.00-14.00

生境因子 Habitat factors	中位数 ± 标准差 Median ± SD	变化范围 Range
海拔 Elevation (m)	560.9 ± 173.67	260-940
坡度 Slope (°)	15.00 ± 10.55	0-40
土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	12.23 ± 7.08	3.60-47.10
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	4.78 ± 0.57	3.80-5.98
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (g/kg)	3.75 ± 1.58	0.13-7.93
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g/kg)	1.38 ± 0.57	0.30-2.49
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (g/kg)	0.17 ± 0.05	0.09-0.34
土壤有效氮 Soil available nitrogen (mg/kg)	86.8 ± 28.03	15.06-140.77
土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus (mg/kg)	15.16 ± 7.09	5.74-34.26
土壤有效钾 Soil available potassium (mg/kg)	147.88 ± 57.50	47.16-296.36
冠层开阔度 Canopy openness (%)	6.94 ± 3.27	2.01-19.49
伴生种胸高断面积 Basal area of companion species (cm²)	1,017.36 ± 996.31	226.86-3,990.67
伴生种树高 Height of companion species (m)	23 ± 4.81	10.00-33.00
母株冠幅 Crown of mother tree (m)	3.63 ± 1.05	1.50-6.50
母株胸径 DBH of mother tree (cm)	20.94 ± 3.60	14.91-33.61
母株高度 Height of mother tree (m)	13.51 ± 1.62	11.00-14.00

生境因子 Habitat factors	PCA1	PCA2
海拔 Elevation	0.21	-0.03
坡度 Slope	1.42	-0.03
土壤含水量 Soil water content	-0.48	0.11
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	0.08	-0.02
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus	-0.12	0.00
土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus	-0.38	-0.00
土壤有效钾 Soil available potassium	0.05	0.12
冠层开阔度 Canopy openness	0.02	-0.11
伴生种胸高断面积 Basal area of companion species	0.12	1.05
母株冠幅 Crown of mother tree	-0.06	0.20
母株胸径 DBH of mother tree	-0.08	0.17
母株高度 Height of mother tree	-0.03	0.04
特征值 Eigenvalue	0.232	0.110
方差比例 Proportion of variance	0.467	0.238
累积方差比例 Proportion of cumulative variance	0.467	0.705

生境因子 Habitat factors	PCA1	PCA2
海拔 Elevation	0.21	-0.03
坡度 Slope	1.42	-0.03
土壤含水量 Soil water content	-0.48	0.11
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	0.08	-0.02
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus	-0.12	0.00
土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus	-0.38	-0.00
土壤有效钾 Soil available potassium	0.05	0.12
冠层开阔度 Canopy openness	0.02	-0.11
伴生种胸高断面积 Basal area of companion species	0.12	1.05
母株冠幅 Crown of mother tree	-0.06	0.20
母株胸径 DBH of mother tree	-0.08	0.17
母株高度 Height of mother tree	-0.03	0.04
特征值 Eigenvalue	0.232	0.110
方差比例 Proportion of variance	0.467	0.238
累积方差比例 Proportion of cumulative variance	0.467	0.705

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极小种群野生植物坡垒的生境特征及其对幼苗多度的影响

Habitat characteristics and its effects on seedling abundance of Hopea hainanensis, a Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations

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