生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 289-295. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019143
路兴慧1,臧润国2,3,*(),丁易2,3,黄继红2,3,许玥2,3
收稿日期:
2019-04-26
接受日期:
2019-09-01
出版日期:
2020-03-20
发布日期:
2019-12-24
通讯作者:
臧润国
基金资助:
Xinghui Lu1,Runguo Zang2,3,*(),Yi Ding2,3,Jihong Huang2,3,Yue Xu2,3
Received:
2019-04-26
Accepted:
2019-09-01
Online:
2020-03-20
Published:
2019-12-24
Contact:
Runguo Zang
摘要:
极小种群野生植物坡垒(Hopea hainanensis)曾经是热带低地雨林的优势种, 但由于商业采伐和刀耕火种等严重人类干扰及自然更新困难, 致使其种群数量急剧下降到最小可存活的界限, 急需开展种群的拯救恢复工作。而对于坡垒生境适宜性及更新限制的了解, 是进行种群保护及恢复的基础。本文在对野生坡垒种群及其生境因子调查测定的基础上, 分析了生物与非生物生境特征及其对坡垒种群更新幼苗多度的影响。结果表明: 坡垒种群从幼苗至幼树阶段存在着严重的增补限制。坡度小、土壤含水量和有效磷含量高、母株胸径和冠幅较大、伴生种胸高断面积中等的环境是坡垒幼苗较为适宜的生境, 且坡垒幼苗多度与坡度及土壤pH值显著负相关, 与土壤含水量及土壤全磷含量显著正相关。这些研究结果为极小种群野生植物坡垒的就地保护与种群复壮提供了科学依据。
路兴慧, 臧润国, 丁易, 黄继红, 许玥 (2020) 极小种群野生植物坡垒的生境特征及其对幼苗多度的影响. 生物多样性, 28, 289-295. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019143.
Xinghui Lu, Runguo Zang, Yi Ding, Jihong Huang, Yue Xu (2020) Habitat characteristics and its effects on seedling abundance of Hopea hainanensis, a Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations. Biodiversity Science, 28, 289-295. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019143.
图1 极小种群野生植物坡垒样方调查示意图。 中心黑色圆点为坡垒母树。
Fig. 1 Diagram for the survey quadrats of Hopea hainanensis, a Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations. The black dot in the center is the mother tree of Hopea hainanensis.
生境因子 Habitat factors | 中位数 ± 标准差 Median ± SD | 变化范围 Range |
---|---|---|
海拔 Elevation (m) | 560.9 ± 173.67 | 260-940 |
坡度 Slope (°) | 15.00 ± 10.55 | 0-40 |
土壤含水量 Soil water content (%) | 12.23 ± 7.08 | 3.60-47.10 |
土壤pH值 Soil pH value | 4.78 ± 0.57 | 3.80-5.98 |
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (g/kg) | 3.75 ± 1.58 | 0.13-7.93 |
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g/kg) | 1.38 ± 0.57 | 0.30-2.49 |
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (g/kg) | 0.17 ± 0.05 | 0.09-0.34 |
土壤有效氮 Soil available nitrogen (mg/kg) | 86.8 ± 28.03 | 15.06-140.77 |
土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus (mg/kg) | 15.16 ± 7.09 | 5.74-34.26 |
土壤有效钾 Soil available potassium (mg/kg) | 147.88 ± 57.50 | 47.16-296.36 |
冠层开阔度 Canopy openness (%) | 6.94 ± 3.27 | 2.01-19.49 |
伴生种胸高断面积 Basal area of companion species (cm2) | 1,017.36 ± 996.31 | 226.86-3,990.67 |
伴生种树高 Height of companion species (m) | 23 ± 4.81 | 10.00-33.00 |
母株冠幅 Crown of mother tree (m) | 3.63 ± 1.05 | 1.50-6.50 |
母株胸径 DBH of mother tree (cm) | 20.94 ± 3.60 | 14.91-33.61 |
母株高度 Height of mother tree (m) | 13.51 ± 1.62 | 11.00-14.00 |
表1 极小种群野生植物坡垒种群的生境特征
Table 1 Habitat characteristics of Hopea hainanensis, a Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations
生境因子 Habitat factors | 中位数 ± 标准差 Median ± SD | 变化范围 Range |
---|---|---|
海拔 Elevation (m) | 560.9 ± 173.67 | 260-940 |
坡度 Slope (°) | 15.00 ± 10.55 | 0-40 |
土壤含水量 Soil water content (%) | 12.23 ± 7.08 | 3.60-47.10 |
土壤pH值 Soil pH value | 4.78 ± 0.57 | 3.80-5.98 |
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter (g/kg) | 3.75 ± 1.58 | 0.13-7.93 |
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g/kg) | 1.38 ± 0.57 | 0.30-2.49 |
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus (g/kg) | 0.17 ± 0.05 | 0.09-0.34 |
土壤有效氮 Soil available nitrogen (mg/kg) | 86.8 ± 28.03 | 15.06-140.77 |
土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus (mg/kg) | 15.16 ± 7.09 | 5.74-34.26 |
土壤有效钾 Soil available potassium (mg/kg) | 147.88 ± 57.50 | 47.16-296.36 |
冠层开阔度 Canopy openness (%) | 6.94 ± 3.27 | 2.01-19.49 |
伴生种胸高断面积 Basal area of companion species (cm2) | 1,017.36 ± 996.31 | 226.86-3,990.67 |
伴生种树高 Height of companion species (m) | 23 ± 4.81 | 10.00-33.00 |
母株冠幅 Crown of mother tree (m) | 3.63 ± 1.05 | 1.50-6.50 |
母株胸径 DBH of mother tree (cm) | 20.94 ± 3.60 | 14.91-33.61 |
母株高度 Height of mother tree (m) | 13.51 ± 1.62 | 11.00-14.00 |
图3 极小种群野生植物坡垒种群生境因子的主成分分析。 ELE, 海拔; Slope, 坡度; SWC, 土壤含水量; pH, 土壤pH值; TP, 土壤全磷; AP, 土壤有效磷; AK, 土壤有效钾; CO, 冠层开阔度; BA, 伴生种胸高断面积; Crown, 母株冠幅; MDBH, 母株胸径; MH, 母株高度。
Fig. 3 Principal component analysis of habitat factors of Hopea hainanensi, a Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations. ELE, Elevation; SWC, Soil water content; pH, Soil pH value; TP, Soil total phosphorus; AP, Soil available phosphorus; AK, Soil available potassium; CO, Canopy openness; BA, Basal area of companion species; Crown, Crown of mother tree; MDBH, DBH of mother tree; MH, Height of mother tree.
生境因子 Habitat factors | PCA1 | PCA2 |
---|---|---|
海拔 Elevation | 0.21 | -0.03 |
坡度 Slope | 1.42 | -0.03 |
土壤含水量 Soil water content | -0.48 | 0.11 |
土壤pH值 Soil pH value | 0.08 | -0.02 |
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus | -0.12 | 0.00 |
土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus | -0.38 | -0.00 |
土壤有效钾 Soil available potassium | 0.05 | 0.12 |
冠层开阔度 Canopy openness | 0.02 | -0.11 |
伴生种胸高断面积 Basal area of companion species | 0.12 | 1.05 |
母株冠幅 Crown of mother tree | -0.06 | 0.20 |
母株胸径 DBH of mother tree | -0.08 | 0.17 |
母株高度 Height of mother tree | -0.03 | 0.04 |
特征值 Eigenvalue | 0.232 | 0.110 |
方差比例 Proportion of variance | 0.467 | 0.238 |
累积方差比例 Proportion of cumulative variance | 0.467 | 0.705 |
表2 各生境因子在主成分分析(PCA)前两个排序轴的负荷值及解释方差
Table 2 The loadings and explained variance of environmental variables in the first two axes in principal component anlysis (PCA)
生境因子 Habitat factors | PCA1 | PCA2 |
---|---|---|
海拔 Elevation | 0.21 | -0.03 |
坡度 Slope | 1.42 | -0.03 |
土壤含水量 Soil water content | -0.48 | 0.11 |
土壤pH值 Soil pH value | 0.08 | -0.02 |
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus | -0.12 | 0.00 |
土壤有效磷 Soil available phosphorus | -0.38 | -0.00 |
土壤有效钾 Soil available potassium | 0.05 | 0.12 |
冠层开阔度 Canopy openness | 0.02 | -0.11 |
伴生种胸高断面积 Basal area of companion species | 0.12 | 1.05 |
母株冠幅 Crown of mother tree | -0.06 | 0.20 |
母株胸径 DBH of mother tree | -0.08 | 0.17 |
母株高度 Height of mother tree | -0.03 | 0.04 |
特征值 Eigenvalue | 0.232 | 0.110 |
方差比例 Proportion of variance | 0.467 | 0.238 |
累积方差比例 Proportion of cumulative variance | 0.467 | 0.705 |
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