生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 567-573.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07064

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

东亚温带藤本植物多样性及其格局

胡亮*()   

  1. 中山大学地理科学与规划学院, 广州 510275
  • 收稿日期:2011-04-13 接受日期:2011-05-19 出版日期:2011-09-20 发布日期:2011-10-08
  • 通讯作者: 胡亮
  • 基金资助:
    中国博士后科学基金(20110490941)

Distribution and diversity of climbing plants in temperate East Asia

Liang Hu*()   

  1. School of Geographical Science and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
  • Received:2011-04-13 Accepted:2011-05-19 Online:2011-09-20 Published:2011-10-08
  • Contact: Liang Hu

摘要:

藤本植物的组成及其地理分布是藤本植物生态学研究的重要内容之一, 但对温带藤本植物的相关研究相对缺乏。本文对包括中国东北、日本、朝鲜半岛和蒙古在内的东亚温带9个分区种子植物区系中藤本植物的科属组成、区系成分、生活型和攀援方式及其地理格局进行了比较研究。结果表明: 研究范围内总计有藤本304种(含变种、亚种), 分属38科96属, 以多年生草质藤本(138种)和木质藤本为主(127种), 一年生草质藤本植物较少(39种)。受低温和干旱胁迫的限制, 9个分区内藤本多样性及其所占区系的比例整体上呈现沿海高于内陆、低纬度高于高纬度的变化趋势。与东亚亚热带相比, 本区藤本植物热带性质科属比例较低, 温带性质科属比例较高。本区藤本物种多样性最高的为缠绕藤本(61.5%), 其次为卷须藤本(23.7%), 而吸附藤本(11.2%)和蔓生藤本(3.6%)种类较少。推测缠绕藤本与其他攀援方式的藤本相比, 耐受低温胁迫的能力更强。

关键词: 木质藤本, 草质藤本, 植物区系, 中国, 日本, 朝鲜半岛, 蒙古

Abstract

The composition and geographic distribution of climbing plants are important aspects of ecological study, but research on temperate climbing plants is relatively limited. We compared the family and genera-level composition, floristic element type, growth forms, diversity and geographical distribution of climbing plants in nine districts of temperate East Asia, including Northeast China, Japan, Mongolia and the Korean Peninsula. A total of 304 climbing plant species were documented, belonging to 38 families and 96 genera, including 127 lianas, 138 perennial vines and 39 annual vines. Distributions of climbing plants appear to be restricted mainly by cold and drought stresses. Their diversity and proportion to total flora are higher in coastal than inland areas, and higher in low latitudes than in high latitudes. As expected, the proportion of tropical elements declined and the proportion of temperate elements increased in temperate East Asia relative to subtropical East Asia. Twist climbing is the most common climbing pattern (61.5% of all species), followed by tendrillar (23.7%), adhesive (11.2%) and sprawling (3.6%) climbing. We speculate that twisting climbers are more cold-tolerant than other climbing plants.

Key words: liana, vine, flora, China, Japan, Korean Peninsula, Mongolia