生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 567-573. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07064
收稿日期:
2011-04-13
接受日期:
2011-05-19
出版日期:
2011-09-20
发布日期:
2011-10-08
通讯作者:
胡亮
基金资助:
Received:
2011-04-13
Accepted:
2011-05-19
Online:
2011-09-20
Published:
2011-10-08
Contact:
Liang Hu
摘要:
藤本植物的组成及其地理分布是藤本植物生态学研究的重要内容之一, 但对温带藤本植物的相关研究相对缺乏。本文对包括中国东北、日本、朝鲜半岛和蒙古在内的东亚温带9个分区种子植物区系中藤本植物的科属组成、区系成分、生活型和攀援方式及其地理格局进行了比较研究。结果表明: 研究范围内总计有藤本304种(含变种、亚种), 分属38科96属, 以多年生草质藤本(138种)和木质藤本为主(127种), 一年生草质藤本植物较少(39种)。受低温和干旱胁迫的限制, 9个分区内藤本多样性及其所占区系的比例整体上呈现沿海高于内陆、低纬度高于高纬度的变化趋势。与东亚亚热带相比, 本区藤本植物热带性质科属比例较低, 温带性质科属比例较高。本区藤本物种多样性最高的为缠绕藤本(61.5%), 其次为卷须藤本(23.7%), 而吸附藤本(11.2%)和蔓生藤本(3.6%)种类较少。推测缠绕藤本与其他攀援方式的藤本相比, 耐受低温胁迫的能力更强。
胡亮 (2011) 东亚温带藤本植物多样性及其格局. 生物多样性, 19, 567-573. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07064.
Liang Hu (2011) Distribution and diversity of climbing plants in temperate East Asia. Biodiversity Science, 19, 567-573. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07064.
地区 District | 区系大小 Flora | 藤本种类 Climbers | 草质藤本 Vines | 木质藤本 Lianas (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全部草质藤本 Total vines (%) | 一年生 Annual (%) | 多年生 Perennial (%) | ||||
日本 Japan | 5,165 | 203 (3.9) | 113 (2.2) | 20 (0.4) | 93 (1.8) | 90 (1.7) |
朝鲜半岛 Korean Peninsula | 2,709 | 166 (6.1) | 103 (3.8) | 25 (0.9) | 78 (2.9) | 63 (2.3) |
辽宁 Liaoning, China | 1,737 | 112 (6.4) | 80 (4.6) | 24 (1.4) | 56 (3.2) | 32 (1.8) |
吉林 Jilin, China | 1,698 | 104 (6.1) | 75 (4.4) | 19 (1.1) | 56 (3.3) | 29 (1.7) |
黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China | 1,666 | 93 (5.6) | 67 (4.0) | 16 (1.0) | 51 (3.1) | 26 (1.6) |
内蒙古东部 E. Inner Mongolia, China | 1,291 | 57 (4.4) | 45 (3.5) | 11 (0.9) | 34 (2.6) | 12 (0.9) |
呼伦贝尔 Hulunbuir, China | 1,420 | 53 (3.7) | 44 (3.1) | 9 (0.6) | 35 (2.5) | 9 (0.6) |
锡林郭勒 Xilingol, China | 1,248 | 23 (1.8) | 21 (1.7) | 4 (0.3) | 17 (1.4) | 2 (0.2) |
蒙古 Mongolia | 2,205 | 26 (1.2) | 24 (1.1) | 7 (0.3) | 17 (0.8) | 2 (0.1) |
总计 Total | 304 | 177 | 39 | 138 | 127 |
表1 东亚温带各分区种子植物区系中的藤本植物多样性及其比例(%)
Table 1 Climbing plant diversity and proportion (%) in the spermatophyte flora in nine districts of temperate East Asia
地区 District | 区系大小 Flora | 藤本种类 Climbers | 草质藤本 Vines | 木质藤本 Lianas (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全部草质藤本 Total vines (%) | 一年生 Annual (%) | 多年生 Perennial (%) | ||||
日本 Japan | 5,165 | 203 (3.9) | 113 (2.2) | 20 (0.4) | 93 (1.8) | 90 (1.7) |
朝鲜半岛 Korean Peninsula | 2,709 | 166 (6.1) | 103 (3.8) | 25 (0.9) | 78 (2.9) | 63 (2.3) |
辽宁 Liaoning, China | 1,737 | 112 (6.4) | 80 (4.6) | 24 (1.4) | 56 (3.2) | 32 (1.8) |
吉林 Jilin, China | 1,698 | 104 (6.1) | 75 (4.4) | 19 (1.1) | 56 (3.3) | 29 (1.7) |
黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China | 1,666 | 93 (5.6) | 67 (4.0) | 16 (1.0) | 51 (3.1) | 26 (1.6) |
内蒙古东部 E. Inner Mongolia, China | 1,291 | 57 (4.4) | 45 (3.5) | 11 (0.9) | 34 (2.6) | 12 (0.9) |
呼伦贝尔 Hulunbuir, China | 1,420 | 53 (3.7) | 44 (3.1) | 9 (0.6) | 35 (2.5) | 9 (0.6) |
锡林郭勒 Xilingol, China | 1,248 | 23 (1.8) | 21 (1.7) | 4 (0.3) | 17 (1.4) | 2 (0.2) |
蒙古 Mongolia | 2,205 | 26 (1.2) | 24 (1.1) | 7 (0.3) | 17 (0.8) | 2 (0.1) |
总计 Total | 304 | 177 | 39 | 138 | 127 |
科名 Family | 含藤属数 Genera containing climbers | 藤本种类 Species containing climbers | 科名 Family | 含藤属数 Genera containing climbers | 藤本种类 Species containing climbers | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
豆科 Leguminosae | 17 | 54 | 茄科 Solanaceae | 1 | 3 | |||||||||
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae | 2 | 41 | 夹竹桃科 Apocynaceae | 2 | 3 | |||||||||
萝藦科 Asclepiadaceae | 8 | 32 | 木通科 Lardizabalaceae | 2 | 3 | |||||||||
葡萄科 Vitaceae | 4 | 25 | 五味子科 Schisandraceae | 2 | 3 | |||||||||
旋花科 Convolvulaceae | 6 | 22 | 龙胆科 Gentianaceae | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae | 7 | 13 | 马钱科 Loganiaceae | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
茜草科 Rubiaceae | 5 | 12 | 大麻科 Cannabaceae | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
薯蓣科 Dioscoreaceae | 1 | 11 | 胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
蓼科 Polygonaceae | 2 | 9 | 菊科 Asteraceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
卫矛科 Celastraceae | 3 | 8 | 漆树科 Anacardiaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
鼠李科 Rhamnaceae | 2 | 7 | 紫葳科 Bignoniaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 2 | 6 | 鸭跖草科 Commelinaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
防己科 Menispermaceae | 5 | 6 | 茶茱萸科 Icacinaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
百合科 Liliaceae | 2 | 6 | 樟科 Lauraceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
马兜铃科 Aristolochiaceae | 1 | 5 | 胡椒科 Piperaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
猕猴桃科 Actinidiaceae | 1 | 5 | 无患子科 Sapindaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
桔梗科 Campanulaceae | 2 | 4 | 五加科 Araliaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae | 1 | 4 | 清风藤科 Sabiaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
桑科 Moraceae | 2 | 3 | 紫堇科 Fumariaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
总计 Total | 96 | 304 |
表2 东亚温带种子植物区系中藤本植物科的组成及其藤本多样性
Table 2 Taxonomic composition of families containing climber in the spermatophyte flora of temperate East Asia
科名 Family | 含藤属数 Genera containing climbers | 藤本种类 Species containing climbers | 科名 Family | 含藤属数 Genera containing climbers | 藤本种类 Species containing climbers | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
豆科 Leguminosae | 17 | 54 | 茄科 Solanaceae | 1 | 3 | |||||||||
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae | 2 | 41 | 夹竹桃科 Apocynaceae | 2 | 3 | |||||||||
萝藦科 Asclepiadaceae | 8 | 32 | 木通科 Lardizabalaceae | 2 | 3 | |||||||||
葡萄科 Vitaceae | 4 | 25 | 五味子科 Schisandraceae | 2 | 3 | |||||||||
旋花科 Convolvulaceae | 6 | 22 | 龙胆科 Gentianaceae | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae | 7 | 13 | 马钱科 Loganiaceae | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
茜草科 Rubiaceae | 5 | 12 | 大麻科 Cannabaceae | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
薯蓣科 Dioscoreaceae | 1 | 11 | 胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
蓼科 Polygonaceae | 2 | 9 | 菊科 Asteraceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
卫矛科 Celastraceae | 3 | 8 | 漆树科 Anacardiaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
鼠李科 Rhamnaceae | 2 | 7 | 紫葳科 Bignoniaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 2 | 6 | 鸭跖草科 Commelinaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
防己科 Menispermaceae | 5 | 6 | 茶茱萸科 Icacinaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
百合科 Liliaceae | 2 | 6 | 樟科 Lauraceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
马兜铃科 Aristolochiaceae | 1 | 5 | 胡椒科 Piperaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
猕猴桃科 Actinidiaceae | 1 | 5 | 无患子科 Sapindaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
桔梗科 Campanulaceae | 2 | 4 | 五加科 Araliaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae | 1 | 4 | 清风藤科 Sabiaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
桑科 Moraceae | 2 | 3 | 紫堇科 Fumariaceae | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
总计 Total | 96 | 304 |
序号 No. | 分布区类型 Distribution patterns | 科数 No. of families | 属数 No. of genera |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 世界广布 Widespread | 12 | 7 |
2 | 热带广布 Pantropic | 16 | 23 |
3 | 东亚及热带南美间断 Trop. & Subtr. E. Asia & (S.) Trop. Amer. disjuncted | 2 | 1 |
4 | 旧世界热带 Old World Tropics | 6 | |
5 | 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Trop. Asia to Trop. Australasia Oceania | 4 | |
6 | 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Trop. Asia to Trop. Africa | 1 | |
7 | 热带亚洲 Trop. Asia | 1 | 14 |
8 | 北温带 N. Temp. | 5 | 13 |
9 | 东亚及北美间断 E. Asia & N. Amer. disjuncted | 1 | 11 |
10 | 旧世界温带 Old World Temp. | 1 | |
11 | 温带亚洲 Temp. Asia | 1 | |
12 | 地中海区、西亚至中亚 Medit., W. to C. Asia | 1 | |
13 | 中亚 C. Asia | ||
14 | 东亚 E. Asia | 1 | 12 |
15 | 中国特有 Endemic to China | 1 | |
总计 Total | 38 | 96 |
表3 东亚温带含藤科属的分布区类型统计
Table 3 Distribution patterns of families and genera containing climber in the spermatophyte flora of temperate East Asia
序号 No. | 分布区类型 Distribution patterns | 科数 No. of families | 属数 No. of genera |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 世界广布 Widespread | 12 | 7 |
2 | 热带广布 Pantropic | 16 | 23 |
3 | 东亚及热带南美间断 Trop. & Subtr. E. Asia & (S.) Trop. Amer. disjuncted | 2 | 1 |
4 | 旧世界热带 Old World Tropics | 6 | |
5 | 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲 Trop. Asia to Trop. Australasia Oceania | 4 | |
6 | 热带亚洲至热带非洲 Trop. Asia to Trop. Africa | 1 | |
7 | 热带亚洲 Trop. Asia | 1 | 14 |
8 | 北温带 N. Temp. | 5 | 13 |
9 | 东亚及北美间断 E. Asia & N. Amer. disjuncted | 1 | 11 |
10 | 旧世界温带 Old World Temp. | 1 | |
11 | 温带亚洲 Temp. Asia | 1 | |
12 | 地中海区、西亚至中亚 Medit., W. to C. Asia | 1 | |
13 | 中亚 C. Asia | ||
14 | 东亚 E. Asia | 1 | 12 |
15 | 中国特有 Endemic to China | 1 | |
总计 Total | 38 | 96 |
缠绕藤本 Twisting climbers (%) | 卷须藤本 Tendrillar climbers (%) | 吸附藤本 Adhesive climbers (%) | 蔓生藤本 Sprawling climbers (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
日本 Japan | 136 (67.0) | 40 (19.7) | 20 (9.9) | 7 (3.4) |
朝鲜半岛 Korean Peninsula | 98 (59.0) | 42 (25.3) | 20 (12.0) | 6 (3.6) |
辽宁 Liaoning, China | 59 (52.7) | 34 (30.4) | 14 (12.5) | 5 (4.5) |
吉林 Jilin, China | 57 (54.8) | 30 (28.8) | 12 (11.5) | 5 (4.8) |
黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China | 53 (57.0) | 26 (28.0) | 10 (10.8) | 4 (4.3) |
内蒙古东部 E. Inner Mongolia, China | 29 (50.9) | 20 (35.1) | 5 (8.8) | 3 (5.3) |
呼伦贝尔 Hulunbuir, China | 29 (54.7) | 16 (30.2) | 4 (7.5) | 4 (7.5) |
锡林郭勒 Xilingol, China | 10 (43.5) | 9 (39.1) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (8.7) |
蒙古 Mongolia | 14 (53.8) | 6 (23.1) | 1 (3.8) | 5 (19.2) |
总计 Total | 187 (61.5) | 72 (23.7) | 34 (11.2) | 11 (3.6) |
表4 东亚温带种子植物区系中藤本植物的攀援方式及其比例(%)
Table 4 Climbing patterns of climbing plants and their proportions (%) in the spermatophyte flora of temperate East Asia
缠绕藤本 Twisting climbers (%) | 卷须藤本 Tendrillar climbers (%) | 吸附藤本 Adhesive climbers (%) | 蔓生藤本 Sprawling climbers (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
日本 Japan | 136 (67.0) | 40 (19.7) | 20 (9.9) | 7 (3.4) |
朝鲜半岛 Korean Peninsula | 98 (59.0) | 42 (25.3) | 20 (12.0) | 6 (3.6) |
辽宁 Liaoning, China | 59 (52.7) | 34 (30.4) | 14 (12.5) | 5 (4.5) |
吉林 Jilin, China | 57 (54.8) | 30 (28.8) | 12 (11.5) | 5 (4.8) |
黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China | 53 (57.0) | 26 (28.0) | 10 (10.8) | 4 (4.3) |
内蒙古东部 E. Inner Mongolia, China | 29 (50.9) | 20 (35.1) | 5 (8.8) | 3 (5.3) |
呼伦贝尔 Hulunbuir, China | 29 (54.7) | 16 (30.2) | 4 (7.5) | 4 (7.5) |
锡林郭勒 Xilingol, China | 10 (43.5) | 9 (39.1) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (8.7) |
蒙古 Mongolia | 14 (53.8) | 6 (23.1) | 1 (3.8) | 5 (19.2) |
总计 Total | 187 (61.5) | 72 (23.7) | 34 (11.2) | 11 (3.6) |
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