乌鲁木齐南部山区地生地衣群落分布格局

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07039

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了查明乌鲁木齐南部山区地生地衣群落分布格局, 作者选取了24个样点(20 m×20 m), 设置了240个50 cm×50 cm样方, 调查地生地衣的种类及盖度, 分析其分布格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明, 乌鲁木齐南部山区共有地生地衣17种, 隶属于2目5科10属。聚类分析和DCA排序将该地区的地生地衣分为4个主要样点组, 分别是: (1)喇叭石蕊(Cladonia pyxidata)+腐石蕊(C. cariosa)+喇叭粉石蕊(C. chlorophaea)群落, 共有7种, 总盖度为19.7%; (2)双孢散盘衣(Solorina bispora)+腐石蕊+粗皮石蕊(C. scabriuscula)群落, 共有11种, 总盖度为21.1%; (3)雪岛衣(Cetraria nivalis)+喇叭石蕊群落, 共有3种, 总盖度最小为8.05%; (4)地卷(Peltigera rufescens)+多指地卷 (P. polydactyla)群落, 共有7种, 总盖度为23.83%。CCA排序结果显示, 该地区地生地衣的分布与海拔高度、郁闭度、人为干扰和湿度有关, 其中影响最大的因素是海拔高度, 其次为郁闭度和干扰。不同海拔高度的植物群落郁闭度不同, 到达地面的光照强度也有差异, 所以不同海拔的地生地衣种类及多样性有显著性差异。

关键词: 地生地衣, 物种多样性, 环境因子分析, 新疆

Abstract

Forest floor lichens are sensitive to variations in habitat conditions. To understand the distributional patterns of forest floor lichen communities and how habitat factors relate to dominant lichen species composition and diversity, we sampled 240 plots (50 cm×50 cm) in the mountainous area of southern Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. We detected 17 species in total, belonging to 10 genera and 5 families. Cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) showed that plots clustered into four groups: (1) aCladonia pyxidata+ Cladonia cariosa+ Cladonia chlorophaea community, including seven species with a total coverage of 19.7%; (2) a Solorina bispora+ Cladonia cariosa+ Cladonia scabriuscula community, including 11 species with a total coverage of 21.1%; (3) a Cetraria nivalis+ Cladonia pyxidata community, including three species with a total coverage of 8.1%; and (4) a Peltigera rufescens+ P. polydactylacommunity, including seven species with the total coverage of 23.83%. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that the species composition and diversity of floor lichens were most strongly influenced by altitude, then forest canopy density and humidity; the distribution patterns of lichen communities were apparently influenced by human disturbance. Variation in lichen communities among different elevations was related to light availability at ground level.

Key words: floor lichen, species diversity, environmental factor analysis, Xinjiang

艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔, 阿地力江·阿不都拉, 阿不都拉·阿巴斯 (2011) 乌鲁木齐南部山区地生地衣群落分布格局. 生物多样性, 19, 574-580. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07039.

Anwar Tumur, Adiljan Abdulla, Abdulla Abbas (2011) Distribution of forest floor lichen communities in the mountainous area of southern Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. Biodiversity Science, 19, 574-580. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07039.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07039

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I5/574

图/表 7

参考文献 27

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目名和科名 Order and family	属 Genus	物种 Species
茶渍目 Lecanorales
石蕊科 Cladoniaceae	鹿蕊属 Cladina 石蕊属 Cladonia	1 雀鹿蕊 Cladina stellaris 2 腐石蕊 Cladonia cariosa 3 喇叭粉石蕊 C. chlorophaea 4 喇叭石蕊 C. pyxidata 5 粗皮石蕊 C. scabriuscula
	平茶渍属 Aspicilia	6 窝点平茶渍 Aspicilia lacunosa
膜衣科 Hymeneliaceae	岛衣属 Cetraria	7 雪岛衣 Cetraria nivalis
梅衣科 Parmeliacea	黄梅属 Xanthoparmelia	8 旱黄梅 Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis
蜈蚣衣科 Physciaceae	大孢蜈蚣衣属 Physconia	9 甘肃大孢蜈蚣衣 Physconia kansuensis
地卷目 Peltigerales
地卷科 Peltigeraceae	地卷属 Peltigera	10 犬地卷 Peltigera canina 11 平盘软地卷 P. elisabethae 12 多指地卷 P. polydactyla 13 裂芽地卷 P. praetextata 14 地卷 P. rufescens
不完全地衣类 Lichenes imperfecti	散盘衣属 Solorina 白角衣属 Siphula 地茶属 Thamnolia	15 双孢散盘衣 Solorina bispora 16 翅白角衣 Siphula pteruloides 17 雪地茶 Thamnolia subuliformis

目名和科名 Order and family	属 Genus	物种 Species
茶渍目 Lecanorales
石蕊科 Cladoniaceae	鹿蕊属 Cladina 石蕊属 Cladonia	1 雀鹿蕊 Cladina stellaris 2 腐石蕊 Cladonia cariosa 3 喇叭粉石蕊 C. chlorophaea 4 喇叭石蕊 C. pyxidata 5 粗皮石蕊 C. scabriuscula
	平茶渍属 Aspicilia	6 窝点平茶渍 Aspicilia lacunosa
膜衣科 Hymeneliaceae	岛衣属 Cetraria	7 雪岛衣 Cetraria nivalis
梅衣科 Parmeliacea	黄梅属 Xanthoparmelia	8 旱黄梅 Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis
蜈蚣衣科 Physciaceae	大孢蜈蚣衣属 Physconia	9 甘肃大孢蜈蚣衣 Physconia kansuensis
地卷目 Peltigerales
地卷科 Peltigeraceae	地卷属 Peltigera	10 犬地卷 Peltigera canina 11 平盘软地卷 P. elisabethae 12 多指地卷 P. polydactyla 13 裂芽地卷 P. praetextata 14 地卷 P. rufescens
不完全地衣类 Lichenes imperfecti	散盘衣属 Solorina 白角衣属 Siphula 地茶属 Thamnolia	15 双孢散盘衣 Solorina bispora 16 翅白角衣 Siphula pteruloides 17 雪地茶 Thamnolia subuliformis

样点 Sites	物种丰富度 Richness	Shannon-Weiner指数 Shannon-Weiner diversity index	Pielou指数 Pielou eveness index
1	6	1.54	0.86
2	6	1.66	0.93
3	7	1.77	0.91
4	7	1.60	0.82
5	7	1.74	0.89
6	6	1.32	0.74
7	8	1.88	0.90
8	9	1.92	0.87
9	8	1.29	0.62
10	8	1.76	0.84
11	6	1.36	0.76
12	5	1.02	0.64
13	4	1.22	0.88
14	3	0.43	0.39
15	3	0.62	0.56
16	4	1.04	0.75
17	3	0.98	0.89
18	3	0.61	0.56
19	4	1.29	0.96
20	5	1.11	0.69
21	4	1.04	0.76
22	5	0.81	0.50
23	5	1.31	0.81
24	6	0.99	0.55

样点 Sites	物种丰富度 Richness	Shannon-Weiner指数 Shannon-Weiner diversity index	Pielou指数 Pielou eveness index
1	6	1.54	0.86
2	6	1.66	0.93
3	7	1.77	0.91
4	7	1.60	0.82
5	7	1.74	0.89
6	6	1.32	0.74
7	8	1.88	0.90
8	9	1.92	0.87
9	8	1.29	0.62
10	8	1.76	0.84
11	6	1.36	0.76
12	5	1.02	0.64
13	4	1.22	0.88
14	3	0.43	0.39
15	3	0.62	0.56
16	4	1.04	0.75
17	3	0.98	0.89
18	3	0.61	0.56
19	4	1.29	0.96
20	5	1.11	0.69
21	4	1.04	0.76
22	5	0.81	0.50
23	5	1.31	0.81
24	6	0.99	0.55

	种类 Species	盖度 Coverage (%)
群落1	腐石蕊 Cladonia cariosa	2.95
Group 1	喇叭石蕊 C. pyxidata	4.04
	粗皮石蕊 C. scabriuscula	2.19
	喇叭粉石蕊 C. chlorophaea	2.85
	雀鹿蕊 Cladina stellaris	2.61
	窝点平茶渍 Aspicilia lacunosa	3.30
	地卷 Peltigera elisabethae	1.78
	小计 Subtotal	19.70
群落2	腐石蕊 C. cariosa	2.75
Group 2	喇叭石蕊 C. pyxidata	0.99
	粗皮石蕊 C. scabriuscula	2.54
	雪岛衣 Cetraria nivalis	1.53
	旱黄梅 Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis	2.60
	甘肃大孢蜈蚣衣 Physconia kansuensis	0.02
	犬地卷 P. canina	1.81
	多指地卷 P. polydactyla	1.43
	双孢散盘衣 Solorina bispora	3.89
	翅白角衣 Siphula pteruloides	1.05
	雪地茶 Thamnolia subuliformis	2.44
	小计 Subtotal	21.10
群落3	喇叭石蕊 C. pyxidata	2.87
Group 3	裂芽地卷 P. praetextata	1.77
	雪岛衣 C. nivalis	3.41
	小计 Subtotal	8.05
群落4	喇叭粉石蕊 C.chlorophaea	1.43
Group 4	喇叭石蕊 C. pyxidata	4.08
	旱黄梅 X. camtschadalis	3.60
	平盘软地卷 P. elisabethae	3.63
	多指地卷 P. polydactyla	3.88
	地卷 P. rufescens	4.32
	双孢散盘衣 S. bispora	2.88
	小计 Subtotal	23.83