生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 21504. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021504 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2021504
所属专题： 青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全
• 中国南方新生代植物多样性演化专题 • 下一篇
杨久成1,2, 刘佳2,3,*(
), 李雨4, 苏涛2,5, 李树峰2, 贾林波6, 周浙昆2,6, 张世涛1,*()
收稿日期:2021-12-08
接受日期:2022-03-12
出版日期:2022-11-20
发布日期:2022-08-04
通讯作者:
刘佳,张世涛
作者简介:liujia@xtbg.ac.cn基金资助:
Jiucheng Yang1,2, Jia Liu2,3,*(), Yu Li4, Tao Su2,5, Shufeng Li2, Linbo Jia6, Zhekun Zhou2,6, Shitao Zhang1,*()
Received:2021-12-08
Accepted:2022-03-12
Online:2022-11-20
Published:2022-08-04
Contact:
Jia Liu,Shitao Zhang
摘要：
云南地处青藏高原东南缘, 生物多样性丰富, 季风气候特征明显。新生代剧烈的构造活动形成了众多山间盆地, 其间保存了大量精美的植物化石, 是探讨新生代以来植被、植物多样性和地球环境演变的理想地区。但是长期以来, 由于地层年代学证据的缺乏, 这些新生代沉积盆地的地质年代还存在很大争议。本研究通过对滇东南地区富宁县普阳盆地的含煤地层开展深入的孢粉学研究, 探讨盆地含煤地层年代及其古气候演化过程。剖面下部煤层孢粉组合以杉粉属(Taxodiaceaepollenites)为主, 指示以杉科为主的湿润沼泽森林, 冬春季相对湿润; 剖面上部孢粉组合指示以常绿栎类为主的亚热带常绿‒落叶阔叶混交林, 生长山核桃粉属(Caryapollenites)、冬青粉属(Ilexpollenites)、胡桃粉属(Juglanspollenites)、枫香粉属(Liquidambarpollenites)等亚热带常见树种, 气候温暖湿润, 季节分明。结合新发现的哺乳动物化石证据和周边地区不同地质时代的孢粉组合, 普阳盆地含煤地层的沉积时代应为晚始新世; 同时, 孢粉组合也表明滇东南地区植被现代化面貌至少在晚始新世就已经开始出现。
杨久成, 刘佳, 李雨, 苏涛, 李树峰, 贾林波, 周浙昆, 张世涛 (2022) 滇东南普阳盆地含煤地层孢粉组合特征及其年代. 生物多样性, 30, 21504. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021504.
Jiucheng Yang, Jia Liu, Yu Li, Tao Su, Shufeng Li, Linbo Jia, Zhekun Zhou, Shitao Zhang (2022) Palynological assemblage and age of the Cenozoic coal-accumulation strata in the Puyang Basin, southeastern Yunnan Province. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21504. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021504.
图1 云南普阳煤矿剖面位置及文中涉及孢粉和植物大化石对比研究点分布图(A)和普阳盆地地质简图与研究剖面位置图(B), 修改自云南地质矿产局(1990)。
Fig. 1 The location of Puyang Coal mine section and the locations of the palynological study sites discussed in this research and Geological map of the Puyang Basin (A) and the location of the study section (B), modified from Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resource (1990).
图2 普阳煤矿剖面及地层柱状图。(A)普阳煤矿剖面下部煤层和上部湖相沉积; (B)普阳煤矿剖面; (C)地层柱状图。
Fig. 2 Stratigraphic profile and the strata of Puyang Coal mine section. (A) Coal seam and lacustrine sediments in the Puyang Coal mine section; (B) Cross section of the Puyang Coal mine section; (C), Sedimentary log of the Puyang Coal mine section.
图3 普阳煤矿剖面孢粉图谱
Fig. 3 Palynological spectrum of Puyang Coal mine section
| 植物类型 Vegetation type | 孢粉形态类群 Palynomorph types |
|---|---|
| 裸子植物 Gymnosperm | 无口器粉属、杉粉属、红杉粉属、单束松粉属、双束松粉属、雪松粉属、油杉粉属、拟落叶松粉属、云杉粉属、冷杉粉属、铁杉粉属、泪杉粉属、麻黄粉属 Inaperturopollenites, Taxodiaceaepollenites, Sequoiapollenites, Abietineaepollenites, Pinuspollenites, Cedripites, Keteleeriaepollenites, Laricoidites, Piceapollis, Abiespollenites, Tsugaepollenites, Dacrydiumites, and Ephedripites |
| 被子植物 Angiosperm | 栎粉属、栗粉属、大戟粉属、山核桃粉属、胡桃粉属、莫米粉属、黄杞粉属、化香树粉属、拟黄杞粉属、桤木粉属、拟桦粉属、肋桦粉属、枥粉属、异常桤木粉属、苗榆粉属、木兰粉属、单沟粉属、柳粉属、杜鹃粉属、枫香粉属、枫杨粉属、榆粉属、朴粉属、梣粉属、山龙眼粉属、紫树粉属、光三沟粉属、网面三沟粉属、扁三沟粉属、三孔沟粉属、具盖粉属、椴粉属、边沟孔粉属、禾本粉属、蓼粉属、藜粉属、卫矛粉属、黑三棱粉属、拟百合粉属、高腾粉属、拟千屈菜粉属、桑粉属、毛茛粉属、无患子粉属、漆树粉属、五加粉属、冬青粉属、眼子菜粉属、芸香粉属 Quercoidites, Cupuliferoipollenites, Euphorbiacites, Caryapollenites, Juglanspollenites, Momipites, Engelhardtioidites, Platycaryapollenites, Engelhardtioipollenites, Alnipollenites, Betulaceoipollenites, Betulaepollenites, Carpinipites, Paraalnipollenites, Ostryoipollenites, Magnolipollis, Monocolpopollenites, Salixipollenites, Ericipites, Liquidambarpollenites, Pterocaryapollenites, Ulmipollenites, Celtispollenites, Fraxinoipollenites, Proteacidites, Nyssapollenites, Tricolpopollenites, Retitricolpites, Tricolpites, Tricolporites, Operculumpollis, Tiliaepollenites, Margocolporites, Graminidites, Persicarioipollis, Chenopodipollis, Evonymoipites, Sparganiaceaepollenits, Liliacidites, Gothanipollis, Lythraites, Moraceoipollenites, Ranunculacidites, Sapindaceidites, Rhoipites, Araliaceoipollenites, Ilexpollenites, Potamogetonacidites, and Rutaceoipollenites |
| 蕨类 Ferns | 粗网孢属、紫萁孢属、凸瘤水龙骨孢属、平瘤水龙骨孢属、水龙骨单缝孢属、凤尾蕨孢属、褶缝孢属、外点单缝孢属、水藓孢属、三角孢属 Crassoretitriletes, Osmundacidites, Polypodiidites, Polypodiisporites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Pterisisporites, Obtusisporis, Extrapunctatosporis, Sphagnumsporites, and Deltoidospora |
| 藻类 Algae | 盘星藻属、葡萄藻属Pediastrum and Botryococcus |
表1 普阳煤矿剖面孢粉形态属种
Table 1 List of identified palynomorphs from the Puyang Coal mine section
| 植物类型 Vegetation type | 孢粉形态类群 Palynomorph types |
|---|---|
| 裸子植物 Gymnosperm | 无口器粉属、杉粉属、红杉粉属、单束松粉属、双束松粉属、雪松粉属、油杉粉属、拟落叶松粉属、云杉粉属、冷杉粉属、铁杉粉属、泪杉粉属、麻黄粉属 Inaperturopollenites, Taxodiaceaepollenites, Sequoiapollenites, Abietineaepollenites, Pinuspollenites, Cedripites, Keteleeriaepollenites, Laricoidites, Piceapollis, Abiespollenites, Tsugaepollenites, Dacrydiumites, and Ephedripites |
| 被子植物 Angiosperm | 栎粉属、栗粉属、大戟粉属、山核桃粉属、胡桃粉属、莫米粉属、黄杞粉属、化香树粉属、拟黄杞粉属、桤木粉属、拟桦粉属、肋桦粉属、枥粉属、异常桤木粉属、苗榆粉属、木兰粉属、单沟粉属、柳粉属、杜鹃粉属、枫香粉属、枫杨粉属、榆粉属、朴粉属、梣粉属、山龙眼粉属、紫树粉属、光三沟粉属、网面三沟粉属、扁三沟粉属、三孔沟粉属、具盖粉属、椴粉属、边沟孔粉属、禾本粉属、蓼粉属、藜粉属、卫矛粉属、黑三棱粉属、拟百合粉属、高腾粉属、拟千屈菜粉属、桑粉属、毛茛粉属、无患子粉属、漆树粉属、五加粉属、冬青粉属、眼子菜粉属、芸香粉属 Quercoidites, Cupuliferoipollenites, Euphorbiacites, Caryapollenites, Juglanspollenites, Momipites, Engelhardtioidites, Platycaryapollenites, Engelhardtioipollenites, Alnipollenites, Betulaceoipollenites, Betulaepollenites, Carpinipites, Paraalnipollenites, Ostryoipollenites, Magnolipollis, Monocolpopollenites, Salixipollenites, Ericipites, Liquidambarpollenites, Pterocaryapollenites, Ulmipollenites, Celtispollenites, Fraxinoipollenites, Proteacidites, Nyssapollenites, Tricolpopollenites, Retitricolpites, Tricolpites, Tricolporites, Operculumpollis, Tiliaepollenites, Margocolporites, Graminidites, Persicarioipollis, Chenopodipollis, Evonymoipites, Sparganiaceaepollenits, Liliacidites, Gothanipollis, Lythraites, Moraceoipollenites, Ranunculacidites, Sapindaceidites, Rhoipites, Araliaceoipollenites, Ilexpollenites, Potamogetonacidites, and Rutaceoipollenites |
| 蕨类 Ferns | 粗网孢属、紫萁孢属、凸瘤水龙骨孢属、平瘤水龙骨孢属、水龙骨单缝孢属、凤尾蕨孢属、褶缝孢属、外点单缝孢属、水藓孢属、三角孢属 Crassoretitriletes, Osmundacidites, Polypodiidites, Polypodiisporites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Pterisisporites, Obtusisporis, Extrapunctatosporis, Sphagnumsporites, and Deltoidospora |
| 藻类 Algae | 盘星藻属、葡萄藻属Pediastrum and Botryococcus |
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