生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 119-137. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.19175
王勇1,2,*(), 张正旺1, 郑光美1, 李建强1,2, 徐基良3, 马志军4, Atilio Luis Biancucci2
收稿日期:
2011-10-01
接受日期:
2012-02-17
出版日期:
2012-03-20
发布日期:
2012-04-09
通讯作者:
王勇
作者简介:
* E-mail: yong.wang@aamu.eduYong Wang1,2,*(), Zhengwang Zhang1, Guangmei Zheng1, Jianqiang Li1,2, Jiliang Xu3, Zhijun Ma4, Atilio Luis Biancucci2
Received:
2011-10-01
Accepted:
2012-02-17
Online:
2012-03-20
Published:
2012-04-09
Contact:
Yong Wang
摘要:
为了解中国鸟类学研究的状况和发展趋势, 我们利用在线文献数据库(Web of Science)检索了1991-2010年间发表的与鸟类有关的文献, 对中国和其他国家的鸟类学研究论文、研究领域、研究机构等进行了分析和比较。结果发现, 中国鸟类学研究发展很快, 专业研究人员数量在1991-2010年间增长了近四倍, 在国际上发表的研究论文的数量近几年年均增长25%; 论文数量占世界的比例已经由1991-2000年的0.46%上升到了2001-2010年期间的1.53%, 世界排名由第27位上升至第16位, 并且研究领域更加多元化, 论文水平不断提高。在鸟类系统发育与演化、合作繁殖和婚配、禽流感、巢寄生等领域的许多成果开始在国际相关领域的高水平刊物上发表, 在古鸟类以及雉类和鹤类等濒危鸟类的保护研究方面位居世界前列。但从整体而言, 中国鸟类学研究与世界上一些发达国家相比还有很大差距。为此我们对中国鸟类学未来的发展提出了一些建议, 包括需要更加关注鸟类的生活史对策、气候变化和城市化对鸟类的影响、鸟类迁徙、濒危物种保护生物学等领域的研究, 进一步加强国际交流与合作, 规范鸟类研究及数据保存和处理的方法, 采取更有效措施加大对青年研究人员的支持力度等。
王勇, 张正旺, 郑光美, 李建强, 徐基良, 马志军, Atilio Luis Biancucci (2012) 鸟类学研究: 过去二十年的回顾和对中国未来发展的建议. 生物多样性, 20, 119-137. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.19175.
Yong Wang, Zhengwang Zhang, Guangmei Zheng, Jianqiang Li, Jiliang Xu, Zhijun Ma, Atilio Luis Biancucci (2012) Ornithological research: past twenty years and future perspectives in China. Biodiversity Science, 20, 119-137. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.19175.
图1 1991-2010年间中国(n = 723)、美国(n = 19,110)和世界其他国家(n = 28,049)发表的鸟类文献数量占各自总数百分比的变化。数据来自于Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, 2011)。
Fig. 1 Respective percentage distribution of avian related journal articles from China (n = 723), USA (n = 19,110) and other countries (n = 28,049) published between 1991 and 2010. Data from Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, 2011).
图2 1991-2000和2001-2010年间各主要国家发表的有关鸟类文献数量占各时期世界总数百分比的分布。数据来自于Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, 2011)。1991-2000年总数: 17,618; 2001-2010年总数: 30, 264。
Fig. 2 Percentage distribution by country of published avian articles in relative to the total of each time period: 1991-2000 (17,618) and 2001- 2010(30,264). Data from Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, 2011).
图3 1991-2000年和2001-2010年间美国和中国发表的有关鸟类文献的主要学科分布(百分比). 1991- 2000年中国和美国发表文献总数分别是94和7,351; 2001-2010年中国和美国发表总数分别是629和11,759。数据来自于Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, 2011)。
Fig. 3 Disciplinary distribution (per- centage) of avian journal articles from USA and China published during 1991-2000 (7,351 and 94, respectively) and during 2001-2010 (11,759 and 629, respectively). Data from Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, 2011).
表1 1991-2010年间发表鸟类研究文献的主要机构。百分比根据每-时段文献的总数计算。 1991-2000年文献总数: 17,617; 2001-2010年文献总数: 30,265。数据来自Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, 2011)
Table 1 Major institutions for publishing bird related manuscripts from1991 to 2010. Percentage was calculated based on the total of each period. Total for 1991-2000: 17,617; total for 2001- -2010: 30,265. Data from Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, 2011).
表2 世界主要鸟类学期刊2006-2010年的影响因子、文献发表数量和其他指标(数据来自Web of Knowledge, Journal Citation Report, 2011)
Table 2 Major international ormithological journals, yearly publications, and impact factor from 2006-2010 (Data from Web of Knowledge, Journal Citation Report, 2011).
单位 Institution | 时段1991-2000 | 时段2001-2010 | 时段1991-2010 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量 n | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 数量n | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 数量n | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 排名Rank | ||
中国科学院 Chinese Academy of Sciences | 29 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 227 | 11.2 | 21.9 | 256 | 11.9 | 23.3 | 1 | |
“中研院”(中国台湾) Academia Sinica | 34 | 7.0 | 15.6 | 21 | 19.6 | 30.7 | 55 | 26.6 | 41.8 | 2 | |
台湾大学 University of Taiwan | 3 | 2.2 | 12.9 | 42 | 15.3 | 32.9 | 45 | 17.5 | 37.8 | 3 | |
北京师范大学 Beijing Normal University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 35 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 35 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4 | |
中国地质科学院 Chinese Academy of Geological Science | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 23 | 15.2 | 18.7 | 23 | 15.2 | 18.7 | 5 | |
浙江大学 Zhejiang University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 21 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 21 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 6 | |
北京大学 Peking University | 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 19 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 7 | |
武汉大学 Wuhan University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 18 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 8 | |
香港大学 University of Hong Kong | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15 | 21.2 | 44.4 | 17 | 21.2 | 44.4 | 9 | |
香港城市大学 City University of Hong Kong | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15 | 10.5 | 11.1 | 15 | 10.5 | 11.1 | 10 | |
华东师范大学 East China Normal University | 1 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 14 | 13.7 | 26.4 | 15 | 14.3 | 28.5 | 11 | |
台湾师范大学 Taiwan Normal University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 15 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 12 | |
兰州大学 Lanzhou University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 13 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 13 | |
东北师范大学 North East Normal University | 2 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 11 | 4.7 | 9.6 | 13 | 6.0 | 13.8 | 14 | |
中国科技大学 University of Science and Technology of China | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 12 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 12 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 15 | |
中兴大学 Chunghsing University | 2 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 9 | 7.8 | 12.1 | 11 | 8.9 | 15.0 | 16 | |
复旦大学 Fudan University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 10 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 17 | |
成功大学 Chengkung University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 9 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 18 | |
高雄医学大学 Kaohsiung Medical University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 9 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 19 | |
安徽师范大学 Anhui Normal University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 20 |
表3 1991-2010年间, 中国发表鸟类研究文献的主要机构。平均值和标准差是根据每一时期每篇文献被引用的次数计算的,排名根据1991-2010年间发表文献的总数排列。数据来自Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, 2011)。
Table 3 Major institutions in China for publishing bird related manuscripts during 1991-2010. Mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated based on the total citations of each publication during a particular period. Data from Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, 2011)
单位 Institution | 时段1991-2000 | 时段2001-2010 | 时段1991-2010 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量 n | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 数量n | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 数量n | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 排名Rank | ||
中国科学院 Chinese Academy of Sciences | 29 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 227 | 11.2 | 21.9 | 256 | 11.9 | 23.3 | 1 | |
“中研院”(中国台湾) Academia Sinica | 34 | 7.0 | 15.6 | 21 | 19.6 | 30.7 | 55 | 26.6 | 41.8 | 2 | |
台湾大学 University of Taiwan | 3 | 2.2 | 12.9 | 42 | 15.3 | 32.9 | 45 | 17.5 | 37.8 | 3 | |
北京师范大学 Beijing Normal University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 35 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 35 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4 | |
中国地质科学院 Chinese Academy of Geological Science | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 23 | 15.2 | 18.7 | 23 | 15.2 | 18.7 | 5 | |
浙江大学 Zhejiang University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 21 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 21 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 6 | |
北京大学 Peking University | 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 19 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 7 | |
武汉大学 Wuhan University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 18 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 8 | |
香港大学 University of Hong Kong | 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15 | 21.2 | 44.4 | 17 | 21.2 | 44.4 | 9 | |
香港城市大学 City University of Hong Kong | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15 | 10.5 | 11.1 | 15 | 10.5 | 11.1 | 10 | |
华东师范大学 East China Normal University | 1 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 14 | 13.7 | 26.4 | 15 | 14.3 | 28.5 | 11 | |
台湾师范大学 Taiwan Normal University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 15 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 12 | |
兰州大学 Lanzhou University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 13 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 13 | |
东北师范大学 North East Normal University | 2 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 11 | 4.7 | 9.6 | 13 | 6.0 | 13.8 | 14 | |
中国科技大学 University of Science and Technology of China | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 12 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 12 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 15 | |
中兴大学 Chunghsing University | 2 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 9 | 7.8 | 12.1 | 11 | 8.9 | 15.0 | 16 | |
复旦大学 Fudan University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 10 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 17 | |
成功大学 Chengkung University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 9 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 18 | |
高雄医学大学 Kaohsiung Medical University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 9 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 19 | |
安徽师范大学 Anhui Normal University | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 20 |
图4 美国和中国在1990-2009年间不同时段内被引用次数最多的10篇鸟类文献的年平均引用次数。每个时间段内文献被引用次数的计算有两年的延迟, 比如1990-1994年发表的文献, 引用次数的计算是基于1992-1996年数据; 而2005-2009年所发表的文献, 计算的时间是基于2007-2011年数据。
Fig. 4 USA and China average annual citations of the 10 most cited papers published during different periods from 1990-2009. For each calculation period, citation numbers were calculated with a two year delay. For examples, for paper published during 1990-1994, the citation counting period was 1992-1996 and for 2005-2009 papers, the citation counting period was 2007-2011.
图5 1991-2010年间中国鸟类学家在国际上相关领域高水平刊物上发表的文献数量变化。统计的刊物包括如Nature, Science, PLoS ONE, Oecologia, Molecular Ecology, BMC Evolutionary Biology, Journal of Molecular Biology, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Journal of Avian Biology, Behavioral Ecology, Animal Behaviour, Auk, Ibis, Condor, and Journal of Ornithology.
Fig. 5 The number of published articles by ornithologists of China in high impact journals related to ornithological research during 1991-2010. Journals included were such as Nature, Science, PLoS ONE, Oecologia, Molecular Ecology, BMC Evolutionary Biology, Journal of Molecular Biology, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Journal of Avian Biology, Behavioral Ecology, Animal Behaviour, Auk, Ibis, Condor, and Journal of Ornithology.
图6 中国(2010年)、英国(2009年)和美国(1960-2011年)环志鸟类主要类群的百分比分布。
Fig. 6 Percentage distribution of banded birds by major taxonomical groups in China during 2010 (Hou & Jiang, 2011), in UK during 2009 (BTO, 2011) and in USA during 1960-2011 (USGS, 2011a).
潜在的研究领域 Potential areas | 具体探讨的问题 Questions |
---|---|
迁徙各时期的关系 Migratory connectivity | 迁徙时期死亡发生在什么地点和时间? Where and when do animals die during migration? 在迁移过程中有多少个体死亡? How many animals die during migration? 迁徙动物种群的调控发生在何时、何地? Where and when are populations of migratory animals regulated? |
迁徙的行为和生态 Behavior and ecology of movement | 动物如何确定迁移的方向? How do animals orient during migration? 动物如何在迁徙时确定它们在地球上的位置? How do animals determine where they are on the globe during migration? 气候变化将如何影响迁徙动物? How will climate change affect migratory animals? 停留栖息地的质量如何影响鸟类继续迁徙的决定和成功率? How does stopover habitat quality affect birds’ migratory decisions and success? 鸟类对当地环境变化的响应如何影响它们在大尺度迁徙的模式? How do local responses to environment affect large-scale movement patterns? |
迁徙飞行中的行为和种群的空间动态 In-flight behavior and dynamic spatial demography | 当年幼鸟向出生地外扩散的距离有多远? How far do young migratory animals disperse from their natal territories? 迁徙时期死亡发生在什么地点和时间? Where and when do animals die during migration? 什么因素导致成鸟或幼鸟向新的繁殖地扩散? What factors prompt dispersal to a new breeding site in adults and juveniles? |
迁徙的生理生态 Physiological ecology of migration | 鸟类用什么样的生理策略减少迁移过程中的能量消耗? What physiological strategies do animals use to minimize energy costs during migration? 个体间和种群间的迁徙代价是有怎样的不同以及为什么? How and why do the costs of migration vary among individuals and species? 鸟类到达迁徙中途停歇地后是否开始增重? Do birds begin gaining weight immediately upon landing in stopover habitat? 在迁移过程中发生哪些生理上的权衡?这些权衡是如何产生的? What physiological trade-offs occur during migration, and how do these trade-offs come about? |
表4 未来鸟类迁徙研究的潜在领域(Robinson et al., 2010)
Table 4 Potential areas of future migration study (Robinson et al., 2010)
潜在的研究领域 Potential areas | 具体探讨的问题 Questions |
---|---|
迁徙各时期的关系 Migratory connectivity | 迁徙时期死亡发生在什么地点和时间? Where and when do animals die during migration? 在迁移过程中有多少个体死亡? How many animals die during migration? 迁徙动物种群的调控发生在何时、何地? Where and when are populations of migratory animals regulated? |
迁徙的行为和生态 Behavior and ecology of movement | 动物如何确定迁移的方向? How do animals orient during migration? 动物如何在迁徙时确定它们在地球上的位置? How do animals determine where they are on the globe during migration? 气候变化将如何影响迁徙动物? How will climate change affect migratory animals? 停留栖息地的质量如何影响鸟类继续迁徙的决定和成功率? How does stopover habitat quality affect birds’ migratory decisions and success? 鸟类对当地环境变化的响应如何影响它们在大尺度迁徙的模式? How do local responses to environment affect large-scale movement patterns? |
迁徙飞行中的行为和种群的空间动态 In-flight behavior and dynamic spatial demography | 当年幼鸟向出生地外扩散的距离有多远? How far do young migratory animals disperse from their natal territories? 迁徙时期死亡发生在什么地点和时间? Where and when do animals die during migration? 什么因素导致成鸟或幼鸟向新的繁殖地扩散? What factors prompt dispersal to a new breeding site in adults and juveniles? |
迁徙的生理生态 Physiological ecology of migration | 鸟类用什么样的生理策略减少迁移过程中的能量消耗? What physiological strategies do animals use to minimize energy costs during migration? 个体间和种群间的迁徙代价是有怎样的不同以及为什么? How and why do the costs of migration vary among individuals and species? 鸟类到达迁徙中途停歇地后是否开始增重? Do birds begin gaining weight immediately upon landing in stopover habitat? 在迁移过程中发生哪些生理上的权衡?这些权衡是如何产生的? What physiological trade-offs occur during migration, and how do these trade-offs come about? |
图7 中国鸟类学会会员增长情况(截至2010年9月份)(数据由中国鸟类学会秘书处提供)
Fig. 7 The temporal change of memberships of China Ornithological Society (COS) (data provided by the Secretariat of COS).
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