多次释放胡瓜新小绥螨对橘园节肢动物群落多样性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08092

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探明长期多次释放胡瓜新小绥螨(Neoseiulus(Amblyseius) cucumeris)是否会对橘园节肢动物群落的生物多样性产生影响, 我们在福州马尾和晋安试验区的2个橘园分别设置生防园、自然园和化防园, 连续两年每月两次在各处理橘园的树冠和地面杂草中采集并记录节肢动物的种类和数量, 结果表明两个试验区的物种丰富度(S)均以生防园最高, 且都显著高于相应的化防园和自然园; 马尾试验区三种处理的多样性指数(H')和均匀度指数(E)的大小依次为生防园>自然园>化防园, 晋安试验区则为自然园>生防园>化防园, 表明释放胡瓜新小绥螨防治柑橘害螨, 减少农药的使用, 能恢复或增加橘园节肢动物群落的生物多样性。此外, 释放胡瓜新小绥螨未对橘园原有的捕食螨类群产生影响。

关键词: 胡瓜新小绥螨, 柑橘, 生物多样性, 节肢动物群落

Abstract

In order to study the effect of repeated release of Neoseiulus(Amblyseius) cucumeris on the species composition and diversity of arthropod community in citrus ecosystems, we established bio-control orchards, natural orchards and chemical control orchards in the Mawei and Jin’an experimental field of Fuzhou, China. Our results indicated that the species richness of bio-control orchards was higher than that of natural or chemical control orchards at both sites. Diversity and evenness indices were higher in bio-control orchards than those of other orchards in the Mawei site, and those of chemical control orchards were the lowest. Among the variously managed orchards in Jin’an, evenness and diversity indices were highest in the natural orchards and lowest in chemical orchards. Our study suggests that citrus ecosystem arthropod diversity can be enhanced by releasingN. cucumeris to fight against the citrus pest mites while reducing the spraying of pesticide.

Key words: Neoseiulus(Amblyseius) cucumeris, citrus, biodiversity, arthropod community

季洁, 张艳璇, 陈霞, 林坚贞, 孙莉 (2012) 多次释放胡瓜新小绥螨对橘园节肢动物群落多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 20, 24-31. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08092.

Jie Ji, Yanxuan Zhang, Xia Chen, Jianzhen Lin, Li Sun (2012) The effect of repeated release of the predatory mite Neoseiulus(Amblyseius) cucumeris on arthropod communities in citrus ecosystems. Biodiversity Science, 20, 24-31. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08092.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.08092

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I1/24

图/表 5

参考文献 15

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	马尾试验区 Mawei citrus experimental field			晋安试验区 Jin’an citrus experimental field
	生防园 Biocontrol orchard	自然园 Natural orchard	化防园 Chemical control orchard	生防园 Biocontrol orchard	自然园 Natural orchard	化防园 Chemical control orchard
同翅目 Homoptera	27	28	24	29	32	28
半翅目 Hemiptera	22	16	21	31	32	29
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera	19	16	11	18	19	18
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	32	27	29	24	23	23
双翅目 Diptera	49	43	48	32	33	32
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	26	24	23	38	40	38
直翅目 Orthoptera	12	7	7	21	16	20
缨翅目 Thysanoptera	2	5	2	2	2	2
脉翅目 Neuroptera	2	3	3	2	2	3
竹节虫目 Phasmida	0	0	0	0	1	1
蜈蚣目 Scolopendromorpha	2	1	0	0	0	0
螳螂目 Mantedea	0	0	0	1	1	1
蜻蜓目 Odonata	1	0	1	1	0	0
弹尾目 Collembola	2	2	1	1	1	1
啮虫目 Psocoptera	2	0	0	1	1	1
蜚蠊目 Blattodea	0	0	0	2	1	2
盲蛛目 Opiliones	1	1	1	1	1	1
蜘蛛目 Araneae	31	34	29	38	35	38
蝎目 Scorpiones	2	1	1	1	1	1
伪蝎目 Pseudoscorpionida	1	1	2	2	3	1
缨尾目 Thysanura	0	0	0	1	0	0
等足目 Isopoda	0	0	0	1	1	1
绒螨目 Trombidiformes	12	12	11	15	14	13
中气门目 Mesostigmata	5	7	5	11	9	10
疥螨目 Sarcoptiformes	2	2	2	2	2	2
蜱目 Ixodida	0	0	0	1	0	0
合计 Total	252	230	221	276	270	266

	马尾试验区 Mawei citrus experimental field			晋安试验区 Jin’an citrus experimental field
	生防园 Biocontrol orchard	自然园 Natural orchard	化防园 Chemical control orchard	生防园 Biocontrol orchard	自然园 Natural orchard	化防园 Chemical control orchard
同翅目 Homoptera	27	28	24	29	32	28
半翅目 Hemiptera	22	16	21	31	32	29
鳞翅目 Lepidoptera	19	16	11	18	19	18
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	32	27	29	24	23	23
双翅目 Diptera	49	43	48	32	33	32
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	26	24	23	38	40	38
直翅目 Orthoptera	12	7	7	21	16	20
缨翅目 Thysanoptera	2	5	2	2	2	2
脉翅目 Neuroptera	2	3	3	2	2	3
竹节虫目 Phasmida	0	0	0	0	1	1
蜈蚣目 Scolopendromorpha	2	1	0	0	0	0
螳螂目 Mantedea	0	0	0	1	1	1
蜻蜓目 Odonata	1	0	1	1	0	0
弹尾目 Collembola	2	2	1	1	1	1
啮虫目 Psocoptera	2	0	0	1	1	1
蜚蠊目 Blattodea	0	0	0	2	1	2
盲蛛目 Opiliones	1	1	1	1	1	1
蜘蛛目 Araneae	31	34	29	38	35	38
蝎目 Scorpiones	2	1	1	1	1	1
伪蝎目 Pseudoscorpionida	1	1	2	2	3	1
缨尾目 Thysanura	0	0	0	1	0	0
等足目 Isopoda	0	0	0	1	1	1
绒螨目 Trombidiformes	12	12	11	15	14	13
中气门目 Mesostigmata	5	7	5	11	9	10
疥螨目 Sarcoptiformes	2	2	2	2	2	2
蜱目 Ixodida	0	0	0	1	0	0
合计 Total	252	230	221	276	270	266

试验区 Experimental field	处理 Managements	物种数 Species number (S)	个体数 Individual number (N)	多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	均匀度指数 Evenness index (E)	优势度指数 Dominance index (C)	群落稳定性 Community stability S_s/S_t
马尾 Mawei	生防园 Biocontrol orchard	249.77^a	70,252.96^b	1.6188^a	0.2928^a	0.3381^c	0.0036
	化防园 Chemical control orchard	220.58^b	75,289.12^a	1.0833^c	0.2007^c	0.5631^a	0.0029
	自然园 Natural orchard	229.27^b	64,429.89^c	1.3349^b	0.2455^b	0.4202^b	0.0036
晋安 Jin’an	生防园 Biocontrol orchard	277.68^a	60,762.62^a	1.0216^b	0.1817^ab	0.6917^a	0.0046
	化防园 Chemical control orchard	267.84^b	63,991.68^a	0.8660^c	0.1548^b	0.7619^a	0.0042
	自然园 Natural orchard	270.36^b	51,213.27^b	1.3083^a	0.2337^a	0.6101^b	0.0053

试验区 Experimental field	处理 Managements	物种数 Species number (S)	个体数 Individual number (N)	多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	均匀度指数 Evenness index (E)	优势度指数 Dominance index (C)	群落稳定性 Community stability S_s/S_t
马尾 Mawei	生防园 Biocontrol orchard	249.77^a	70,252.96^b	1.6188^a	0.2928^a	0.3381^c	0.0036
	化防园 Chemical control orchard	220.58^b	75,289.12^a	1.0833^c	0.2007^c	0.5631^a	0.0029
	自然园 Natural orchard	229.27^b	64,429.89^c	1.3349^b	0.2455^b	0.4202^b	0.0036
晋安 Jin’an	生防园 Biocontrol orchard	277.68^a	60,762.62^a	1.0216^b	0.1817^ab	0.6917^a	0.0046
	化防园 Chemical control orchard	267.84^b	63,991.68^a	0.8660^c	0.1548^b	0.7619^a	0.0042
	自然园 Natural orchard	270.36^b	51,213.27^b	1.3083^a	0.2337^a	0.6101^b	0.0053