基于正模标本的中国直翅目分类学发展趋势分析

doi:10.17520/biods.2021314

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为分析中国直翅目正模标本的物种组成、保存地点、随时间的变化趋势以及其空间分布情况, 本文结合世界直翅目分类数据库、《中国昆虫模式标本名录》以及部分物种命名的原始文献的记载, 对采集自中国境内的直翅目正模标本信息进行了统计。结果表明: (1)采自中国的直翅目正模标本共3,070份, 超过全世界的10%, 分属2亚目11总科20科58亚科594属; (2)具有保存地信息的3,044份标本中, 存放于中国的为2,705份, 涉及中国44个科研院所, 其余标本分散保存于其他15个国家; (3)根据每年描述新种数量的变化情况, 物种的发表过程有停滞期、波动增长期和快速增长期3个阶段, 物种描述数量随年份呈现显著上升趋势; (4)不同省份采集到的正模标本数量存在明显差异, 多集中在山地和丘陵地区。我国直翅目正模标本大部分都保存于我国各高校和科研院所, 目前每年我国直翅目仍有不少新种在发表, 物种数还有很大的上升空间, 建议国家加大对传统分类学的支持和对年轻分类学家的培养。

关键词: 直翅目, 正模标本, 分布

Abstract

Aims We studied following field based on Chinese Orthoptera holotype information: (1) species composition of Orthoptera in China; (2) the preservation of Orthoptera holotype; (3) the regularity of the discovery of new species over time; (4) geographical distribution of holotype specimens.

Methods The information of holotypes is mainly obtained from the Orthoptera Specifications File (OSF), Catalogue of the Insect Type Specimens Deposited in China.

Results (1) There are 3,070 holotype specimens, which is more than 10% of the known species in the world. They belong to 2 suborders, 11 superfamilies, 20 families, 58 subfamilies and 594 genera. (2) 3,044 holotype specimens with specimen preservation sites are deposited in 16 countries in the world. Among them, 2,705 holotype specimens are deposited in China, involving 44 scientific research institutions. (3) According to the variation of the number of new species described each year, the publishing process has three stages: stagnation period, fluctuating growth period and rapid growth period. The number of new species described shows a significant upward trend in recent years. (4) The number of holotype specimens collected from each province is significantly different. The new species of Orthoptera were mainly found in the areas with mountains and hills.

Conclusion The Orthoptera holotype specimens are mostly deposited in Chinese universities and research institutions. At present, many new Orthoptera species have being published every year, and the total number of Chinese Orthoptera species has a lot of room for growth. We suggest that government should increase the support for traditional taxonomy and training of young taxonomists.

Key words: Orthoptera, holotype, distribution

黄江蓉, 汤嘉欣, 何祝清 (2022) 基于正模标本的中国直翅目分类学发展趋势分析. 生物多样性, 30, 21314. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021314.

Jiangrong Huang, Jiaxin Tang, Zhuqing He (2022) Trend of Chinese Orthoptera taxonomy research based on holotype specimens. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21314. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021314.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021314

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I3/21314

图/表 7

表1 中国直翅目昆虫正模标本组成

Table 1 Species composition of Orthoptera holotype in China

总科 Superfamily	科 Family	属 Genus		种/亚种 Species/Subspecies
总科 Superfamily	科 Family	数量 No.	占比 Percentage (%)	数量 No.	占比 Percentage (%)
蟋蟀总科 Grylloidea	蟋蟀科 Gryllidea	47	7.91	151	4.92
	癞蟋科 Mogoplistidae	4	0.67	15	0.49
	蛛蟋科 Phalangopsidae	8	1.35	12	0.39
	蛉蟋科 Trigonidiidae	21	3.54	63	2.05
蝼蛄总科 Gryllotalpoidea	蝼蛄科 Gryllotalpidae	1	0.17	9	0.29
蝼蛄总科 Gryllotalpoidea	蚁蟋科 Myrmecophilidae	1	0.17	3	0.10
原螽总科 Hagloidea	鸣螽科 Prophalangopsidae	2	0.33	4	0.13
沙螽总科 Stenopelmatoidea	丑螽科 Anostostomatidae	4	0.67	15	0.49
沙螽总科 Stenopelmatoidea	蟋螽科 Gryllacrididae	22	3.70	95	3.09
螽斯总科 Tettigonioidea	螽斯科 Tettigoniidae	160	26.94	632	20.59
驼螽总科 Rhaphidophoroidea	驼螽科 Rhaphidophoridae	20	3.37	134	4.36
蝗总科 Acridoidea	蝗科 Acrididae	215	36.20	1,029	33.52
	瘤蝗科 Dericorythidae	2	0.33	21	0.68
	癞蝗科 Pamphagidae	10	1.68	65	2.12
蚱总科 Tetrigoidea	蚱科 Tetrigidae	57	9.60	752	24.50
蜢总科 Eumastacoidea	脊蜢科 Chorotypidae	3	0.50	8	0.26
	枕蜢科 Episactidae	1	0.17	14	0.46
	蜢科 Eumastacidae	6	1.01	11	0.36
锥头蝗总科 Pyrgomorphoidea	锥头蝗科 Pyrgomorphidae	9	1.52	30	0.98
蚤蝼总科 Tridactyloidea	蚤蝼科 Tridactylidae	1	0.17	7	0.22
	总计 Total	594	100	3,070	100

图1 中国直翅目物种年发表数量和累计发表数量(两条线分别指向1924年和1981年)

Fig. 1 Annual number and cumulative number of new species published for Orthoptera in China. The two lines point the years 1924 and 1981.

图2 各省级行政区直翅目正模标本采集数

Fig. 2 The number of Orthoptera holotype collected in provincial administrative region

图3 直翅目正模标本采集排名前十的地级市

Fig. 3 The top 10 cities for Orthoptera holotype collection

图4 中国直翅目正模标本分布图

Fig. 4 The distribution of holotype for Orthoptera in China

图5 不同时期中国直翅目物种采集热力图。A: 1773-2020年; B: 1773-1923年; C: 1924-1980年; D: 1981-2020年。颜色越深, 物种密度越高。

Fig. 5 The heat map of new species discovery for Orthoptera in China at different time periods. A, Between 1773 and 2020; B, Between 1773 and 1923; C, Between 1924 and 1980; D, Between 1981 and 2020. Darker color, higher density of new species.

图6 正模标本数量最多的4个科的标本采集地分布。A: 蝗科; B: 螽斯科; C: 蚱科; D: 蟋蟀科。

Fig. 6 Distribution of four main families of holotype for Acrididae (A), Tettigoniidae (B), Tetrigidae (C), and Gryllidea (D)

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