分形模型与一般性物种多度分布关系的检验解析:以贝类和昆虫群落为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2023410

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

群落物种多度分布(species abundance distribution, SAD)是描述自然界生物群落中各物种间个体数量关系的定量方法, 也是群落物种多样性的一项主要研究内容。目前, 已提出了40余种SAD理论模型, 但该如何解读群落物种多样性, 学界内却很难达成一致。研究表明, 各类生物群落通常由极少的优势种和大量的稀有种组成。先前有研究运用SAD分形模型对近两万个群落样本的统计分析发现, 自然群落SAD最容易观测到的分布特征是1 : 1/2 : 1/3……, 并据此提出了SAD的一般性分布关系。虽然后续研究对该项研究进行过验证, 但对一般性分布关系和分形模型的探讨尚不够充分, 特别是对其内在机制的解读, 还要依靠更多学者提供想法, 找出问题, 逐步完善, 并最终形成共识。本文选取大西洋深海双壳类群落和全球农作物授粉昆虫群落为例, 基于拟合优度R²和分形参数p的统计分析(包括平均值、中值和频数分布), 对分形模型和一般性分布关系两方面内容进行了更为详细的检验和研究。结果表明: (1)分形模型对两类群落均有较好的拟合效果, 平均近70%样本(具体分别为85.5%和67.8%)的R² > 0.8; (2)两组群落最常见的SAD都是1 : 1/2 : 1/3……, 这说明一般性分布关系可以得到包括深海贝类与授粉昆虫在内的多种生物群落的支持, 具有较强的普遍性意义。本研究拟通过分形模型和一般性分布关系的验证, 为学界提供值得思考和讨论的学术议题(如一般性分布关系的内在机制可能是什么), 为开拓群落物种多样性研究的新领域找到较为新颖的切入点。

关键词: 物种多样性, 物种多度分布, 分形理论, 分形模型, 多样性指数

Abstract

Aims: The species abundance distribution (SAD) intricately portrays the abundance dynamics of each diverse species within ecological systems, constituting a fundamental facet of diversity studies. Various theoretical models have emerged over time in an attempt to encapsulate SAD complexities, yet discerning the most fitting model remains a challenge. Prior investigations have revealed a recurrent pattern in SAD characterized by numerous rare species and a handful of dominant ones. A research has conducted an extensive analysis, employing a fractal model on approximately 20,000 samples, proposing a distribution pattern of N_r/N₁ as 1 : 1/2 : 1/3…… (where N_r and N₁ denote the abundance of the r-th and the first species, respectively). While this pattern has been acknowledged, a comprehensive understanding of the general SAD pattern and its connection to the fractal model persists as a research gap. The purpose of this study is to obtain more ideas from researchers that can improve the understanding of underlying mechanisms by testing the fractal model and the general pattern of SAD.

Methods: This study employs datasets from Bivalvia of the Deep-sea Atlantic Database (242 samples) and Reading University Crop Pollinator Database (926 samples) to scrutinize the applicability of the fractal model and enhance insights into the general SAD pattern.

Results: The findings revealed that the fractal model aptly fitted both datasets, with R² ranging from 0.405 to 1.000. Notably, a substantial proportion (85.5% and 67.8%, respectively) of samples exhibit R² values exceeded 0.8. Furthermore, the predominant SAD pattern observed for both communities aligned with the distribution ration of 1 : 1/2 : 1/3……

Conclusion: Our investigation underscores the generality of the SAD pattern, supporting across diverse taxonomic groups, including Bivalvia and pollinator communities. The significance lies in introducing an academic inquiry into the inherent mechanisms governing the general SAD pattern. This exploration serves as a catalyst for innovative perspectives in species diversity research, offering a novel entry point for further investigation.

Key words: species diversity, species abundance distribution, fractal theory, fractal model, diversity indices

中图分类号:

P935

徐伟强, 苏强 (2024) 分形模型与一般性物种多度分布关系的检验解析:以贝类和昆虫群落为例. 生物多样性, 32, 23410. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023410.

Weiqiang Xu, Qiang Su (2024) Exploring the interplay of fractal model and species abundance distribution: A case study of shellfish and insect. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23410. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023410.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023410

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I4/23410

图/表 6

图1 大西洋深海双壳类动物数据库(BDA)和雷丁大学作物授粉昆虫数据库(RCP)研究站位全球分布图

Fig. 1 Global distribution of research stations in Bivalvia of the Deep-sea Atlantic Database (BDA) and Reading University Crop Pollinator Database (RCP)

图2 雷丁大学作物授粉昆虫数据库(RCP)中群落样本未进行30 d时间间隔设定的分形参数p的频数分布

Fig. 2 Frequency distribution of the fractal p of community samples in Reading University Crop Pollinator Database (RCP) without a 30-day time interval post-sampling

图3 运用p模型对从大西洋深海双壳类动物数据库(BDA)和雷丁大学作物授粉昆虫数据库(RCP)中随机选取的4个自然群落的拟合结果

Fig. 3 The p-model fits four natural communities randomly selected from Bivalvia of the Deep-sea Atlantic Database (BDA) and Reading University Crop Pollinator Database (RCP)

表1 大西洋深海双壳类动物数据库(BDA)和雷丁大学作物授粉昆虫数据库(RCP)中参数p值计算结果及与先前研究中p值的比较

Table 1 Comparison of fractal p calculation results in Bivalvia of the Deep-sea Atlantic Database (BDA), Reading University Crop Pollinator Database (RCP) and previous studies

数据库 Dataset	最大值 Max.	最小值 Min.	中位值 Median	平均值 Mean	样本数量 No. of sample	参考文献 References
BDA	5.66	0.00	1.57	1.62 ± 0.66	242	本研究 This study
RCP	4.92	0.00	1.11	1.19 ± 0.58	926	本研究 This study
BFD	6.03	0.81	1.53	1.65 ± 0.03	1,265	Gao & Su, 2021
DIN	5.46	0.26	1.66	1.74 ± 0.01	2,402	Gao & Su, 2022b
DEV	11.39	0.05	1.77	2.09 ± 0.02	2,179	Gao & Su, 2022b
DINC	5.11	0.29	1.61	1.67 ± 0.02	602	Gao & Su, 2023
Diatom	5.83	0.34	1.27	1.34 ± 0.01	3,224	Su, 2018
Fish	4.56	0.76	1.59	1.70 ± 0.02	761	Su, 2018
BBS	2.38	0.55	0.94	0.98 ± 0.004	2,769	Su, 2018
CBC	3.74	0.73	1.49	1.56 ± 0.01	1,999	Su, 2018
FIA	2.23	0.24	0.91	0.93 ± 0.003	10,355	Su, 2018
Gentry	1.85	0.35	0.83	0.87 ± 0.02	222	Su, 2018
MCDB	3.27	0.50	1.55	1.59 ± 0.05	103	Su, 2018
NABC	3.11	0.54	1.24	1.28 ± 0.02	400	Su, 2018
Total	11.39	0.00	1.51	1.46 ± 0.10	27,449

图4 大西洋深海双壳类动物数据库(BDA)和雷丁大学作物授粉昆虫数据库(RCP)中群落样本分形参数p频数分布

Fig. 4 The frequency distribution of the fractal p of community samples in Bivalvia of the Deep-sea Atlantic Database (BDA) and Reading University Crop Pollinator Database (RCP)

图5 大西洋深海双壳类动物数据库(BDA, n = 242)和雷丁大学作物授粉昆虫数据库(RCP, n = 926)中群落样本多样性指数频数分布

Fig. 5 The frequency distribution of diversity index of community samples in Bivalvia of the Deep-sea Atlantic Database (BDA, n = 242) and Reading University Crop Pollinator Database (RCP, n = 926)

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