中甸乌头总状花序不同位置花粉和花蜜的化学性状没有显著差异

doi:10.17520/biods.2023371

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 23371. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023371

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

中甸乌头总状花序不同位置花粉和花蜜的化学性状没有显著差异

吕晓琴¹^,²^,³(), 李杨¹^,²^,³(), 王顺雨¹^,²^,³(), 姚仁秀¹^,²^,³(), 王晓月¹^,²^,³^,^*()()

1.贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550025
2.贵州师范大学国家林业和草原局西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550025
3.贵州师范大学贵州省植物生理与发育调控重点实验室, 贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2023-10-04 接受日期:2023-12-04 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-12-09
通讯作者: *E-mail: wang.xiaoyue1989@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32360262);国家自然科学基金(31901208);国家自然科学基金委员会贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1812401)

No significant differences found in chemical traits of pollen and nectar located in different positions across Aconitum piepunense racemes

Xiaoqin Lü¹^,²^,³(), Yang Li¹^,²^,³(), Shunyu Wang¹^,²^,³(), Renxiu Yao¹^,²^,³(), Xiaoyue Wang¹^,²^,³^,^*()()

1 College of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025
2 Key Laboratory of Southwest Karst Mountain Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025
3 Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025

Received:2023-10-04 Accepted:2023-12-04 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-12-09
Contact: *E-mail: wang.xiaoyue1989@163.com

1. 附录.pdf(415KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物花序中的资源配置通常在花发育的时间或者位置上存在差异。植物的化学性状在自身生长发育以及植物与环境的相互作用中发挥重要作用, 但是化学性状是否存在花序内的差异, 目前还不清楚。为了解花序中不同位置上花报酬(花粉和花蜜)化学性状的差异, 本文以总状花序的中甸乌头(Aconitum piepunense)为研究对象, 从下往上, 将花序中不同位置的花分为基部花、中部花和顶部花, 观察传粉者在花序中的访问特点, 测量不同位置花的花蜜体积和糖浓度, 分别检测分析不同位置花的花粉和花蜜的化学物质的种类和相对含量。结果表明: 中甸乌头的传粉者弗里熊蜂(Bombus friseanus)和圣熊蜂(B. religiosus)通常由基部到顶部进行访花, 对不同位置花的单花访问时间和访花频率不存在显著性差异。基部花的花蜜体积高于中部花、顶部花, 3个位置的花蜜糖浓度不存在显著差异。花粉和花蜜中次级代谢物的相对含量和种类数都显著高于初级代谢物的相对含量和种类, 花粉中初级代谢物和次级代谢物的相对含量和种类数都显著高于花蜜。花粉和花蜜中的绝大部分的化学物质的相对含量和种类数在花序中的3个位置整体上不存在显著性差异。研究表明熊蜂为主要传粉者的中甸乌头, 其总状花序内上、中、下3个位置花的花粉和花蜜的化学性状不存在明显的结构效应。

关键词: 中甸乌头, 访花行为, 花粉, 花蜜, 化学性状, 总状花序, 结构效应

Abstract

Aims: Floral resource allocation often varies across developmental time and across locations in inflorescences. The chemical profile of a plant plays an important role in its growth, development, and interaction with its environment; however, it remains unclear whether such chemical traits vary among floral positions in a single plant. We aim to investigate the variation in chemical profiles of floral reward (pollen and nectar) at different positions of a single plant’s inflorescences.

Methods: Flowers in racemes of Aconitum piepunense (aconite) were categorized into three positions (basal, middle and distal). In each of the three positions, we observed pollinator foraging behaviors and measured nectar volume and sugar concentration. We then measured and analyzed the types and relative contents of chemical compounds within the pollen and nectar of flowers at each of the three positions.

Results: The two major pollinators (Bombus friseanus and B. religiosus) typically visited flowers from basal to distal in a sequential order in A. piepunense. Neither the bumblebee visit frequency nor the duration per flower significantly differed among the three positions. Flowers at the bottom of each position secreted more nectar by volume than the middle and upper flowers, but this volume was not significantly different in terms of the nectar sugar concentration across positions. We also found that the relative contents and types of secondary metabolites within the pollen and nectar were both significantly higher than those of primary metabolites. Further, the relative contents and classes of secondary metabolites were significantly higher in pollen than in nectar. Finally, we observed that the relative content and classes of most chemical profiles within pollen or nectar did not significantly differ at basal, middle, or distal flower positions.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that in the raceme of bumblebee-pollinated A. piepunense, floral positioning within a single plant has no clear impact on the chemical profiles of its pollen and nectar.

Key words: Aconitum piepunense, visiting behavior, pollen, nectar, chemical character, raceme, architectural effect

吕晓琴, 李杨, 王顺雨, 姚仁秀, 王晓月 (2024) 中甸乌头总状花序不同位置花粉和花蜜的化学性状没有显著差异. 生物多样性, 32, 23371. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023371.

Xiaoqin Lü, Yang Li, Shunyu Wang, Renxiu Yao, Xiaoyue Wang (2024) No significant differences found in chemical traits of pollen and nectar located in different positions across Aconitum piepunense racemes. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23371. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023371.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023371

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I1/23371

图/表 6

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化学性状 Chemical properties	花粉 Pollen			花蜜 Nectar
化学性状 Chemical properties	相对含量 Relative content (× 10⁴)	占比 Proportion (%)	种类数 No. of compounds	相对含量 Relative content (× 10⁴)	占比 Proportion (%)	种类数 No. of compounds
初级代谢物 Primary metabolites
蛋白质类 Protein	531.43 ± 71.40	11.801	21 ± 2	0.21± 0.07	0.091	3 ± 1
脂类 Lipid	12.35 ± 16.23	0.274	1 ± 1
核酸类 Nucleic acid	82.68 ± 11.80	1.836	12 ± 1	1.69 ± 1.72	0.721	4 ± 1
糖类 Carbohydrate	0.26 ± 0.14	0.006	2 ± 1	3.21 ± 1.36	1.373	5 ± 0
次级代谢物 Secondary metabolites
生物碱类 Alkaloid	1,629.39 ± 580.33	36.182	195 ± 11	57.74 ± 11.53	24.685	92 ± 6
酚类 Phenol	1,483.18 ± 324.16	32.935	379 ± 13	117.72 ± 8.48	50.324	183 ± 10
萜类 Terpenoid	764.00 ± 253.51	16.965	440 ± 14	53.35 ± 4.51	22.806	214 ± 15

化学性状 Chemical properties	花粉 Pollen			花蜜 Nectar
化学性状 Chemical properties	相对含量 Relative content (× 10⁴)	占比 Proportion (%)	种类数 No. of compounds	相对含量 Relative content (× 10⁴)	占比 Proportion (%)	种类数 No. of compounds
初级代谢物 Primary metabolites
蛋白质类 Protein	531.43 ± 71.40	11.801	21 ± 2	0.21± 0.07	0.091	3 ± 1
脂类 Lipid	12.35 ± 16.23	0.274	1 ± 1
核酸类 Nucleic acid	82.68 ± 11.80	1.836	12 ± 1	1.69 ± 1.72	0.721	4 ± 1
糖类 Carbohydrate	0.26 ± 0.14	0.006	2 ± 1	3.21 ± 1.36	1.373	5 ± 0
次级代谢物 Secondary metabolites
生物碱类 Alkaloid	1,629.39 ± 580.33	36.182	195 ± 11	57.74 ± 11.53	24.685	92 ± 6
酚类 Phenol	1,483.18 ± 324.16	32.935	379 ± 13	117.72 ± 8.48	50.324	183 ± 10
萜类 Terpenoid	764.00 ± 253.51	16.965	440 ± 14	53.35 ± 4.51	22.806	214 ± 15

化学性状 Chemical properties		基部花 Basal flower	中部花 Middle flower	顶部花 Distal flower	Wald χ²	df	P
相对含量 Relative content (× 10⁴)
初级代谢物 Primary metabolites
	蛋白质类 Protein	511.49 ± 42.34^a	552.74 ± 124.82^a	530.06 ± 41.72^a	0.402	2	0.818
	脂类 Lipid	18.26 ± 12.97^a	15.03 ± 26.00^a	3.77± 6.00^a	1.183	2	0.553
	核酸类 Nucleic acid	82.42 ± 7.98^a	78.04 ± 20.35^a	87.58 ± 3.25^a	0.840	2	0.657
	糖类 Carbohydrate	0.24 ± 0.13^a	0.24 ± 0.22^a	0.29 ± 0.11^a	0.176	2	0.916
次级代谢物 Secondary metabolites
生物碱类 Alkaloid	生物碱 Alkaloid	1,511.92 ± 382.731^a	1,955.34 ± 722.05^a	1,420.90 ± 658.81^a	1.336	2	0.513
酚类 Phenol	黄酮类 Flavonoid	764.42 ± 69.01^a	891.47 ± 316.12^a	1,015.04 ± 230.25^a	1.792	2	0.408
	醌类 Quinone	364.93 ± 23.91^a	386.44 ± 128.43^a	390.26 ± 61.44^a	0.161	2	0.923
	苯丙烷类 Phenylpropanoid	128.98 ± 6.70^a	186.97 ± 51.13^a	220.84 ± 78.17^a	4.430	2	0.109
	酚类 Phenol	24.72 ± 0.29^b	28.96 ± 0.74^a	28.57 ± 2.49^a	14.461	2	< 0.001
	鞣质类 Tannin	4.45 ± 1.30^a	7.01 ± 0.68^a	6.46 ± 3.46^a	2.317	2	0.314
萜类Terpenoid	萜类 Terpenoid	580.16 ± 75.67^a	619.22 ± 321.59^a	586.63 ± 289.76^a	0.041	2	0.980
	甾体类 Steroid	148.13 ± 41.41^a	171.98 ± 61.02^a	185.87 ± 25.71^a	1.075	2	0.584
种类数 No. of compounds
初级代谢物 Primary metabolites
	蛋白质类 Protein	21 ± 2^a	21 ± 4^a	20 ± 1^a	0.039	2	0.981
	脂类 Lipid	1 ± 0^a	1 ± 1^a	1 ± 1^a	3.000	2	0.223
	核酸类 Nucleic acid	11 ± 1^a	12 ± 0^a	11 ± 1^a	1.200	2	0.549
	糖类 Carbohydrate	2 ± 1^a	2 ± 1^a	2 ± 1^a	0.286	2	0.867
次级代谢物 Secondary metabolites
生物碱类 Alkaloid	生物碱 Alkaloid	202 ± 2^a	188 ± 12^a	194 ± 13^a	2.501	2	0.286
酚类 Phenol	黄酮类 Flavonoid	158 ± 9^a	151 ± 11^a	156 ± 6^a	0.757	2	0.685
	醌类 Quinone	33 ± 0^a	33 ± 5^a	35 ± 3^a	0.686	2	0.710
	苯丙烷类 Phenylpropanoid	147 ± 3^a	148 ± 4^a	139 ± 4^b	8.807	2	0.012
	酚类 Phenol	39 ± 1^a	37 ± 2^a	39 ± 2^a	1.313	2	0.519
	鞣质类 Tannin	6 ± 1^a	7 ± 3^a	7 ± 1^a	1.282	2	0.527
萜类 Terpenoid	萜类 Terpenoid	284 ± 5^a	288 ± 12^a	292 ± 9^a	1.043	2	0.593
	甾体类 Steroid	158 ± 6^a	148 ± 11^a	150 ± 1^a	3.202	2	0.202

化学性状 Chemical properties		基部花 Basal flower	中部花 Middle flower	顶部花 Distal flower	Wald χ²	df	P
相对含量 Relative content (× 10⁴)
初级代谢物 Primary metabolites
	蛋白质类 Protein	511.49 ± 42.34^a	552.74 ± 124.82^a	530.06 ± 41.72^a	0.402	2	0.818
	脂类 Lipid	18.26 ± 12.97^a	15.03 ± 26.00^a	3.77± 6.00^a	1.183	2	0.553
	核酸类 Nucleic acid	82.42 ± 7.98^a	78.04 ± 20.35^a	87.58 ± 3.25^a	0.840	2	0.657
	糖类 Carbohydrate	0.24 ± 0.13^a	0.24 ± 0.22^a	0.29 ± 0.11^a	0.176	2	0.916
次级代谢物 Secondary metabolites
生物碱类 Alkaloid	生物碱 Alkaloid	1,511.92 ± 382.731^a	1,955.34 ± 722.05^a	1,420.90 ± 658.81^a	1.336	2	0.513
酚类 Phenol	黄酮类 Flavonoid	764.42 ± 69.01^a	891.47 ± 316.12^a	1,015.04 ± 230.25^a	1.792	2	0.408
	醌类 Quinone	364.93 ± 23.91^a	386.44 ± 128.43^a	390.26 ± 61.44^a	0.161	2	0.923
	苯丙烷类 Phenylpropanoid	128.98 ± 6.70^a	186.97 ± 51.13^a	220.84 ± 78.17^a	4.430	2	0.109
	酚类 Phenol	24.72 ± 0.29^b	28.96 ± 0.74^a	28.57 ± 2.49^a	14.461	2	< 0.001
	鞣质类 Tannin	4.45 ± 1.30^a	7.01 ± 0.68^a	6.46 ± 3.46^a	2.317	2	0.314
萜类Terpenoid	萜类 Terpenoid	580.16 ± 75.67^a	619.22 ± 321.59^a	586.63 ± 289.76^a	0.041	2	0.980
	甾体类 Steroid	148.13 ± 41.41^a	171.98 ± 61.02^a	185.87 ± 25.71^a	1.075	2	0.584
种类数 No. of compounds
初级代谢物 Primary metabolites
	蛋白质类 Protein	21 ± 2^a	21 ± 4^a	20 ± 1^a	0.039	2	0.981
	脂类 Lipid	1 ± 0^a	1 ± 1^a	1 ± 1^a	3.000	2	0.223
	核酸类 Nucleic acid	11 ± 1^a	12 ± 0^a	11 ± 1^a	1.200	2	0.549
	糖类 Carbohydrate	2 ± 1^a	2 ± 1^a	2 ± 1^a	0.286	2	0.867
次级代谢物 Secondary metabolites
生物碱类 Alkaloid	生物碱 Alkaloid	202 ± 2^a	188 ± 12^a	194 ± 13^a	2.501	2	0.286
酚类 Phenol	黄酮类 Flavonoid	158 ± 9^a	151 ± 11^a	156 ± 6^a	0.757	2	0.685
	醌类 Quinone	33 ± 0^a	33 ± 5^a	35 ± 3^a	0.686	2	0.710
	苯丙烷类 Phenylpropanoid	147 ± 3^a	148 ± 4^a	139 ± 4^b	8.807	2	0.012
	酚类 Phenol	39 ± 1^a	37 ± 2^a	39 ± 2^a	1.313	2	0.519
	鞣质类 Tannin	6 ± 1^a	7 ± 3^a	7 ± 1^a	1.282	2	0.527
萜类 Terpenoid	萜类 Terpenoid	284 ± 5^a	288 ± 12^a	292 ± 9^a	1.043	2	0.593
	甾体类 Steroid	158 ± 6^a	148 ± 11^a	150 ± 1^a	3.202	2	0.202

化学性状 Chemical properties		基部花 Basal flower	中部花 Middle flower	顶部花 Distal flower	Wald χ²	df	P
相对含量 Relative content (× 10⁴)
初级代谢物 Primary metabolites
	蛋白质类 Protein	0.22 ± 0.11^a	0.18 ± 0.01^a	0.22 ± 0.04^a	0.365	2	0.833
	核酸类 Nucleic acid	2.15 ± 2.93^a	0.66 ± 0.05^a	1.91 ± 0.51^a	0.823	2	0.663
	糖类 Carbohydrate	4.59 ± 1.38^a	2.31 ± 0.14^b	2.43 ± 0.07^b	11.914	2	0.003
次级代谢物 Secondary metabolites
生物碱 Alkaloids	生物碱 Alkaloid	64.41 ± 6.54^a	52.49 ± 14.55^a	54.57 ± 14.39^a	1.539	2	0.463
酚类 Phenol	黄酮类 Flavonoid	72.34 ± 12.70^a	65.80 ± 1.58^a	62.16 ± 1.887^a	2.391	2	0.303
	醌类 Quinone	16.74 ± 1.61^a	20.33 ± 2.13^a	19.53 ± 1.92^a	5.500	2	0.064
	苯丙烷类 Phenylpropanoid	25.25 ± 0.29^a	22.90 ± 0.00^b	21.96 ± 0.73^b	69.09	2	< 0.001
	酚类 Phenol	9.13 ± 1.43^a	7.45 ± 0.67^a	8.43 ± 1.22^a	2.227	2	0.328
	鞣质类 Tannin	0.31 ± 0.06^a	0.29 ± 0.08^a	0.21 ± 0.05^a	4.454	2	0.108
萜类 Terpenoid	萜类 Terpenoid	40.84 ± 3.63^a	36.45 ± 1.94^a	38.23 ± 0.75^a	3.909	2	0.142
	甾体类 Steroid	16.64 ± 0.13^a	12.55 ± 1.07^b	13.89 ± 1.93^b	12.992	2	0.002
种类数 No. of compounds
初级代谢物 Primary metabolites
	蛋白质类 Protein	3 ± 1^a	3 ± 1^a	4 ± 0^a	6.000	2	0.050
	核酸类 Nucleic acid	3 ± 1^b	5 ± 0^a	5 ± 1^a	9.375	2	0.009
	糖类 Carbohydrate	5 ± 0^a	5 ± 1^a	5 ± 1^a	1.429	2	0.490
次级代谢物 Secondary metabolites
生物碱类 Alkaloid	生物碱 Alkaloid	94 ± 9^a	94 ± 2^a	89 ± 5^a	1.200	2	0.549
酚类 Phenol	黄酮类 Flavonoid	61 ± 2^a	55 ± 0^a	60 ± 7^a	1.994	2	0.369
	醌类 Quinone	14 ± 4^a	16 ± 1^a	14 ± 1^a	0.798	2	0.671
	苯丙烷类 Phenylpropanoid	87 ± 5^a	81 ± 1^a	78 ± 8^a	3.861	2	0.145
	酚类 Phenol	26 ± 2^a	24 ± 4^a	25 ± 1^a	2.095	2	0.351
	鞣质类 Tannin	3 ± 1^a	2 ± 1^a	2 ± 1^a	0.813	2	0.666
萜类 Terpenoid	萜类 Terpenoid	160 ± 6^a	142 ± 4^b	145 ± 4^b	20.518	2	< 0.001
	甾体类 Steroid	72 ± 3^a	63 ± 4^b	60 ± 6^b	12.868	2	0.002

中甸乌头总状花序不同位置花粉和花蜜的化学性状没有显著差异

No significant differences found in chemical traits of pollen and nectar located in different positions across Aconitum piepunense racemes

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生物碱类 Alkaloids	化学式 Chemical formula	基部花 Basal flower (%)	中部花 Middle flower (%)	顶部花 Distal flower (%)
卡米车灵(多根乌头碱) Carmichaeline	C₂₂H₃₅NO₄	51.77	59.10	40.59
塔拉萨敏 Talatisamine	C₂₄H₃₉NO₅	14.50	13.74	12.67
去氢胡椒杀虫胺 Dehydropepper insecticide	C₂₂H₃₁NO₃	5.58	6.45	3.38
N-氧-对叶百部碱 N-oxy-tuberostemonine	C₂₂H₃₃NO₅	3.95	-	9.39
荜茇壬二烯哌啶 Pipernonaline	C₂₁H₂₇NO₃	2.30	2.11	1.88
Zanthosimuline	C₂₀H₂₃NO₂	1.53	1.44	1.28
Acsonine	C₃₁H₄₁NO₈	1.51	0.63	-
半边莲碱(山梗菜碱) Lobeline	C₂₂H₂₇NO₂	1.39	1.35	0.60
裸翠雀亭 Denudatine	C₂₂H₃₃NO₂	1.13	0.76	2.01
高乌宁碱 Lappaconine	C₂₃H₃₇NO₆	0.93	0.59	0.76
平贝碱丙 Pingbeimine C	C₂₇H₄₃NO₆	0.90	1.17	1.22
苦木碱A 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-β-carboline	C₂₈H₂₄N₄O₂	0.74	0.47	-
大叶桉亭 Robustine	C₁₂H₉NO₃	0.48	0.48	-
1-甲酯基-β-咔啉 1-carbomethoxy-β-carboline	C₁₃H₁₀N₂O₂	0.35	0.24	-
几内亚胡椒碱 (2E,4E,12E)-13-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N- isobutyltrideca-2,4,12-trienamide	C₂₄H₃₃NO₃	0.29	0.31	-
麦角辛 Ergosine	C₃₀H₃₇N₅O₅	0.25	0.42	-
囊翠碱甲 Delbruine	C₂₅H₃₉NO₇	0.23	0.25	-
异脱氢对叶百部碱 Isodidehydrotuberostemonine	C₂₂H₂₉NO₄	0.18	-	-
麻黄新碱C Ephedradine C	C₃₀H₄₀N₄O₅	0.11	0.12	-
木兰花碱(木兰碱) Magnoflorine	C₂₀H₂₃NO₄	0.11	0.14	0.35
山梗菜醇碱 2,2°-(1-methyl-2,6-piperidinediyl) diacetophenon	C₂₂H₂₉NO₂	-	0.16	-
次乌头碱 Hypaconitine	C₃₃H₄₅NO₁₀	-	0.12	-
囊距翠雀灵 Delbruline	C₂₆H₄₁NO₇	-	-	1.80
对叶百部烯酮 Tuberostemoenone	C₂₂H₂₉NO₅	-	-	1.60
平贝碱甲 Cevane-3,6,14,16,20-pentol, (3β,5α,6α,16β)-	C₂₇H₄₅NO₅	-	-	1.59
蝙蝠葛任碱 Menisperine	C₂₁H₂₅NO₄	-	-	0.90
帽柱木酸 Mitraphyllic acid	C₂₀H₂₂N₂O₄	-	-	0.58
麦角新碱 Ergonovine	C₃₁H₃₉N₅O₅	-	-	0.43
1-甲基-2-[(4Z,7Z)-4,7-十三烷二烯基]-4(1H)喹诺酮1-methyl-2- [(4Z,7Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl]-4(1H) quinolone	C₂₃H₃₁NO	-	-	0.38
番木鳖次碱 Vomicine	C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₄	-	-	0.31
对叶百部酮 Tuberostemonone	C₂₂H₃₁NO₆	-	-	0.29
总占比 Total proportion (%)		88.24	90.04	82.00

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