生物多样性 ›› 2008, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 75-82. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07081
收稿日期:
2007-03-15
接受日期:
2007-08-15
出版日期:
2008-01-27
发布日期:
2008-01-27
通讯作者:
邢福武
作者简介:
*E-mail:Xinfw@scib.ac.cn
Huaizhen Tian1,2, Fuwu Xing1,*()
Received:
2007-03-15
Accepted:
2007-08-15
Online:
2008-01-27
Published:
2008-01-27
Contact:
Fuwu Xing
摘要:
兰科是单子叶植物最大的科和被子植物中的第二大科。兰科植物物种多样性的海拔梯度格局因地域或坡向不同而呈不同趋势。南岭国家级自然保护区地处南岭山脉中段南坡, 植物资源丰富。作者对南岭国家级自然保护区兰科植物进行了为期4年的调查, 记录了其种类、数量、生活型、海拔、生境, 分析了其区系成分, 并依据IUCN (2001)濒危物种红色名录及保护区的具体情况对其濒危等级进行了评估。从海拔230-1,902 m, 每200 m分段, 共划分为9个海拔段分析其垂直分布格局。结果显示: (1)实地记录兰科植物38属70种, 大多数种类数量较少, 乳阳管理处的种类最为丰富; (2)随着海拔的上升, 总体兰科植物以及不同生活型的兰科植物物种数量均呈现“中间高度膨胀型”而峰值偏向低海拔的特点; (3)濒危物种主要集中在600-1,000 m人为活动稀少、环境好的小生境中; (4)800-1,000 m的区系成分最丰富, 热带性质的兰花多数分布在海拔1,600 m以下; (5)相邻海拔段的兰科植物种类的相似性系数较高; 海拔段相隔越远, 相似性系数越小。小生境和水分条件对于兰科植物的生长非常重要, 中海拔具有良好的水热条件, 因此物种多样性最高; 而低海拔地区的人为破坏使得该海拔段兰科植物物种的多样性显著降低。
田怀珍, 邢福武 (2008) 南岭国家级自然保护区兰科植物物种多样性的海拔梯度格局. 生物多样性, 16, 75-82. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07081.
Huaizhen Tian, Fuwu Xing (2008) Elevational diversity patterns of orchids in Nanling National Nature Reserve, northern Guangdong Province. Biodiversity Science, 16, 75-82. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07081.
图1 南岭国家级自然保护区简图。 1: 乳阳片; 2: 天井山片; 3: 秤架片; 4: 龙潭角片; 5: 大东山片
Fig. 1 Map of Nanling National Nature Reserve. 1, Ruyang district; 2, Tianjingshan district; 3, Chengjia district; 4, Longtanjiao district; 5, Dadongshan district.
物种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 濒危等级 Endangerment category | 生境 Habitat | 地点及海拔段 Locates and Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
无柱兰 Amitostigma gracile | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (NT) | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY, 800-1,000, 1,200-1,800 |
金线兰 Anoectochilus roxburghii | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, CJ, LTJ 230-1,600 |
竹叶兰 Arundina graminifolia | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 干燥石壁 Dry rock | RY, CJ 400-600 |
黄花白芨 Bletilla ochracea | 地生 Terrestrial | CR (EN) | 林缘 Forest edge | CJ 600-800 |
圆叶石豆兰 Bulbophyllum drymoglossum | 附生 Epiphytic | CR (VU) | 树干 Trunk | CJ 1,000-1,200 |
广东石豆兰 B. kwangtungense | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 干燥石壁 Dry rock | RY, CJ, LTJ 600-800, 1,200-1,400 |
齿瓣石豆兰 B. levinei | 附生 Epiphytic | VU | 树干 Trunk | RY, TJS, LTJ 600-1,000,1,200-1,400 |
红心石豆兰 B. rubrolabellum | 附生 Epiphytic | CR (EN) | 树干 Trunk | RY 1,200-1,400 |
小叶石豆兰 B. tokioi | 附生 Epiphytic | EN | 树干 Trunk | RY 800-1,400 |
翘距虾脊兰 Calanthe aristulifera | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, LTJ 230-400, 600-1,200, 1,400-1,600 |
虾脊兰 C. discolor | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (VU) | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ 600-1,000 |
钩距虾脊兰 C. graciliflora | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, CJ, LTJ 600-1,600 |
乐昌虾脊兰 C. lechangensis | 地生 Terrestrial | EN | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, CJ, LTJ 600-1,400 |
长距虾脊兰 C. sylvatica | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (NT) | 林下 Forest | RY, CJ 800-1,000 |
金兰 Cephalanthera falcata | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (NT) | 林缘 Forest edge | RY 600-800 1,200-1,400 |
头蕊兰属一种 Cephalanthera sp. | 地生 Terrestrial | CR | 林下 Forest | RY 600-800, 1,200-1,400 |
广东异型兰 Chiloschista guangdongensis | 附生 Epiphytic | CR | 树干 Trunk | CJ 600-800 |
叠鞘兰属一种 Chamaegastrodia sp. | 腐生 Saprophytic | EN | 林下 Forest | RY 1,200-1,600 |
叉柱兰属一种 Cheirostylis sp. | 地生 Terrestrial | CR | 林下 Forest | LTJ 400-600 |
大序隔距兰 Cleisostoma paniculatum | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 树干Trunk | RY, TJS, CJ 400-800 |
流苏贝母兰 Coelogyne fimbriata | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 石壁, 树干 Rock and trunk | RY, TJS, CJ 600-1,000 |
台湾吻兰 Collabium formosanum | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY, TJS, LTJ, DDS 600-1,200 |
建兰 Cymbidium ensifolium | 地生 Terrestrial | NT (VU) | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-1,800 |
多花兰 C. floribundum | 附生 Epiphytic | LC (VU) | 石壁, 树干 Rock and trunk | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-1,600 |
春兰 C. goeringii | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 600-1,000, 1,200-1,400, 1,600-1,800 |
寒兰 C. kanran | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-400, 600-1,400 |
兔耳兰 C. lancifolium | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (VU) | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS 400-1,000, 1,400-1,600 |
细茎石斛 Dendrobium moniliforme | 附生 Epiphytic | EN | 树干 Trunk | RY, TJS, CJ 800-1,000 |
广东石斛 D. wilsonii | 附生 Epiphytic | EN | 树干 Trunk | RY, CJ 600-1,200 |
双唇兰 Didymoplexis pallens | 腐生 Saprophytic | CR (VU) | 林下 Forest | CJ 600-800 |
单叶厚唇兰 Epigeneium fargesii | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 干燥石壁 Dry rock | RY, CJ 800-1,800 |
半柱毛兰 Eria corneri | 附生 Epiphytic | EN (NT) | 树干 Trunk | CJ 600-800 |
马齿毛兰 E. szetschuanica | 附生 Epiphytic | EN (NT) | 树干 Trunk | RY 1,400-1,600 |
江口盆距兰 Gastrochilus nanus | 附生 Epiphytic | CR | 树干 Trunk | RY 1,400-1,600 |
多叶斑叶兰 Goodyera foliosa | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ 230-1,200 |
垂枝斑叶兰 G. pendula | 附生 Epiphytic | CR* | 树干 Trunk | RY 1,400-1,600 |
高斑叶兰 G. procera | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (LC) | 沟边 Valley side | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-600 |
斑叶兰 G. schlechtendaliana | 地生 Terrestrial | LC | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 600-1,800 |
歌绿斑叶兰 G. seikoomontana | 地生 Terrestrial | CR (VU) | 沟边 Valley side | LTJ 230-400 |
小小斑叶兰 G. yangmeishanensis | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (VU) | 林下 Forest | RY 400-800 |
绒叶斑叶兰 G. velutina | 地生 Terrestrial | VU (NT) | 沟边 Valley side | RY, TJS, LTJ 400-600, 1,200-1,600 |
物种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 濒危等级 Endangerment category | 生境 Habitat | 地点及海拔段 Locates & Altitude (m) |
绿花斑叶兰 G. viridiflora | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ 600-1,200 |
鹅毛玉凤花 Habenaria dentata | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (NT) | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS 400-600 |
橙黄玉凤花 H. rhodocheila | 地生 Terrestrial | LC (NT) | 林缘 Forest edge | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-1,000 |
叉唇角盘兰 Herminium lanceum | 地生 Terrestrial | LC | 林缘 Forest edge | RY, CJ 600-1,200, 1,800-1,902 |
镰翅羊耳蒜 Liparis bootanensis | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY, LTJ 230-1,000, 1,200-1,400 |
尾唇羊耳蒜 L. krameri | 地生 Terrestrial | EN | 湿坡 Damp slope | RY 600-1200, 1400-1800 |
广东羊耳蒜 L. kwangtungensis | 附生 Epiphytic | NT (EN) | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY, LTJ, TJS 600-1400, 1,600-1,800 |
见血青 L. nervosa | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-1,600 |
羊耳蒜属一种 Liparis sp. | 附生 Epiphytic | CR | 树干 Trunk | RY 1,200-1,400 |
小沼兰 Malaxis microtatantha | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (VU) | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY 600-800 |
心叶球柄兰 Mischobulbum cordifolium | 地生 Terrestrial | CR (NT) | 林缘 Forest edge | RY 600-800 |
小叶鸢尾兰 Oberonia japonica | 附生 Epiphytic | EN (NT) | 树干 Trunk | RY 600-1,000 |
狭叶鸢尾兰 O. caulescens | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 树干 Trunk | RY, TJS 600-800, 1,400-1,800 |
狭穗阔蕊兰 Peristylus densus | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 路边 Roadside | RY, LTJ, CJ 800-1,400 |
黄花鹤顶兰 Phaius flavus | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS 230-1,000 |
鹤顶兰 P. tankervilleae | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ 230-1,000 1,400-1,600 |
石仙桃 Pholidota chinensis | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 树干, 石壁 Trunk and rock | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ 230-800, 1,200-1,400 |
大明山舌唇兰 Platanthera damingshanica | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林缘 Forest edge | RY, TJS, LTJ 1,000-1,800 |
密花舌唇兰 P. hologlottis | 地生 Terrestrial | VU (NT) | 林下 Forest | RY 1,600-1,902 |
尾瓣舌唇兰 P. mandarinorum | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 林缘 Forest edge | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 600-1,800 |
独蒜兰 Pleione bulbocodioides | 附生 Epiphytic | NT (VU) | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 600-1,800 |
短茎萼脊兰 Sedirea subparishii | 附生 Epiphytic | CR (NT) | 树干 Trunk | RY 800-1,000 |
苞舌兰 Spathoglottis pubescens | 地生 Terrestrial | NT (VU) | 路边 Road side | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 600-1,000 |
绶草 Spiranthes sinensis | 地生 Terrestrial | LC | 湿坡 Damp slope | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ 230-1,600, 1,800-1,902 |
带唇兰 Tainia dunnii | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 400-1,000, 1,400-1,800 |
大花带唇兰 T. macrantha | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (VU) | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS 600-800 |
长轴白点兰 Thrixspermum saruwatarii | 附生 Epiphytic | EN (VU) | 树干 Trunk | RY, LTJ 600-1,200 |
长喙兰 Tsaiorchis neottianthoides | 地生 Terrestrial | CR (NT) | 湿坡 Damp slope | RY 800-1,000 |
线柱兰 Zeuxine strateumatica | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (NT) | 稻田 Paddy field | RY 230-400 |
附录I 南岭国家级自然保护区兰科植物物种海拔分布
Appendix I Distribution of orchids along elevation in Nanling National Nature Reserve
物种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 濒危等级 Endangerment category | 生境 Habitat | 地点及海拔段 Locates and Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
无柱兰 Amitostigma gracile | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (NT) | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY, 800-1,000, 1,200-1,800 |
金线兰 Anoectochilus roxburghii | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, CJ, LTJ 230-1,600 |
竹叶兰 Arundina graminifolia | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 干燥石壁 Dry rock | RY, CJ 400-600 |
黄花白芨 Bletilla ochracea | 地生 Terrestrial | CR (EN) | 林缘 Forest edge | CJ 600-800 |
圆叶石豆兰 Bulbophyllum drymoglossum | 附生 Epiphytic | CR (VU) | 树干 Trunk | CJ 1,000-1,200 |
广东石豆兰 B. kwangtungense | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 干燥石壁 Dry rock | RY, CJ, LTJ 600-800, 1,200-1,400 |
齿瓣石豆兰 B. levinei | 附生 Epiphytic | VU | 树干 Trunk | RY, TJS, LTJ 600-1,000,1,200-1,400 |
红心石豆兰 B. rubrolabellum | 附生 Epiphytic | CR (EN) | 树干 Trunk | RY 1,200-1,400 |
小叶石豆兰 B. tokioi | 附生 Epiphytic | EN | 树干 Trunk | RY 800-1,400 |
翘距虾脊兰 Calanthe aristulifera | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, LTJ 230-400, 600-1,200, 1,400-1,600 |
虾脊兰 C. discolor | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (VU) | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ 600-1,000 |
钩距虾脊兰 C. graciliflora | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, CJ, LTJ 600-1,600 |
乐昌虾脊兰 C. lechangensis | 地生 Terrestrial | EN | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, CJ, LTJ 600-1,400 |
长距虾脊兰 C. sylvatica | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (NT) | 林下 Forest | RY, CJ 800-1,000 |
金兰 Cephalanthera falcata | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (NT) | 林缘 Forest edge | RY 600-800 1,200-1,400 |
头蕊兰属一种 Cephalanthera sp. | 地生 Terrestrial | CR | 林下 Forest | RY 600-800, 1,200-1,400 |
广东异型兰 Chiloschista guangdongensis | 附生 Epiphytic | CR | 树干 Trunk | CJ 600-800 |
叠鞘兰属一种 Chamaegastrodia sp. | 腐生 Saprophytic | EN | 林下 Forest | RY 1,200-1,600 |
叉柱兰属一种 Cheirostylis sp. | 地生 Terrestrial | CR | 林下 Forest | LTJ 400-600 |
大序隔距兰 Cleisostoma paniculatum | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 树干Trunk | RY, TJS, CJ 400-800 |
流苏贝母兰 Coelogyne fimbriata | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 石壁, 树干 Rock and trunk | RY, TJS, CJ 600-1,000 |
台湾吻兰 Collabium formosanum | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY, TJS, LTJ, DDS 600-1,200 |
建兰 Cymbidium ensifolium | 地生 Terrestrial | NT (VU) | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-1,800 |
多花兰 C. floribundum | 附生 Epiphytic | LC (VU) | 石壁, 树干 Rock and trunk | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-1,600 |
春兰 C. goeringii | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 600-1,000, 1,200-1,400, 1,600-1,800 |
寒兰 C. kanran | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-400, 600-1,400 |
兔耳兰 C. lancifolium | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (VU) | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS 400-1,000, 1,400-1,600 |
细茎石斛 Dendrobium moniliforme | 附生 Epiphytic | EN | 树干 Trunk | RY, TJS, CJ 800-1,000 |
广东石斛 D. wilsonii | 附生 Epiphytic | EN | 树干 Trunk | RY, CJ 600-1,200 |
双唇兰 Didymoplexis pallens | 腐生 Saprophytic | CR (VU) | 林下 Forest | CJ 600-800 |
单叶厚唇兰 Epigeneium fargesii | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 干燥石壁 Dry rock | RY, CJ 800-1,800 |
半柱毛兰 Eria corneri | 附生 Epiphytic | EN (NT) | 树干 Trunk | CJ 600-800 |
马齿毛兰 E. szetschuanica | 附生 Epiphytic | EN (NT) | 树干 Trunk | RY 1,400-1,600 |
江口盆距兰 Gastrochilus nanus | 附生 Epiphytic | CR | 树干 Trunk | RY 1,400-1,600 |
多叶斑叶兰 Goodyera foliosa | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ 230-1,200 |
垂枝斑叶兰 G. pendula | 附生 Epiphytic | CR* | 树干 Trunk | RY 1,400-1,600 |
高斑叶兰 G. procera | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (LC) | 沟边 Valley side | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-600 |
斑叶兰 G. schlechtendaliana | 地生 Terrestrial | LC | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 600-1,800 |
歌绿斑叶兰 G. seikoomontana | 地生 Terrestrial | CR (VU) | 沟边 Valley side | LTJ 230-400 |
小小斑叶兰 G. yangmeishanensis | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (VU) | 林下 Forest | RY 400-800 |
绒叶斑叶兰 G. velutina | 地生 Terrestrial | VU (NT) | 沟边 Valley side | RY, TJS, LTJ 400-600, 1,200-1,600 |
物种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 濒危等级 Endangerment category | 生境 Habitat | 地点及海拔段 Locates & Altitude (m) |
绿花斑叶兰 G. viridiflora | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ 600-1,200 |
鹅毛玉凤花 Habenaria dentata | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (NT) | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS 400-600 |
橙黄玉凤花 H. rhodocheila | 地生 Terrestrial | LC (NT) | 林缘 Forest edge | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-1,000 |
叉唇角盘兰 Herminium lanceum | 地生 Terrestrial | LC | 林缘 Forest edge | RY, CJ 600-1,200, 1,800-1,902 |
镰翅羊耳蒜 Liparis bootanensis | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY, LTJ 230-1,000, 1,200-1,400 |
尾唇羊耳蒜 L. krameri | 地生 Terrestrial | EN | 湿坡 Damp slope | RY 600-1200, 1400-1800 |
广东羊耳蒜 L. kwangtungensis | 附生 Epiphytic | NT (EN) | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY, LTJ, TJS 600-1400, 1,600-1,800 |
见血青 L. nervosa | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 230-1,600 |
羊耳蒜属一种 Liparis sp. | 附生 Epiphytic | CR | 树干 Trunk | RY 1,200-1,400 |
小沼兰 Malaxis microtatantha | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (VU) | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY 600-800 |
心叶球柄兰 Mischobulbum cordifolium | 地生 Terrestrial | CR (NT) | 林缘 Forest edge | RY 600-800 |
小叶鸢尾兰 Oberonia japonica | 附生 Epiphytic | EN (NT) | 树干 Trunk | RY 600-1,000 |
狭叶鸢尾兰 O. caulescens | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 树干 Trunk | RY, TJS 600-800, 1,400-1,800 |
狭穗阔蕊兰 Peristylus densus | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 路边 Roadside | RY, LTJ, CJ 800-1,400 |
黄花鹤顶兰 Phaius flavus | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS 230-1,000 |
鹤顶兰 P. tankervilleae | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ 230-1,000 1,400-1,600 |
石仙桃 Pholidota chinensis | 附生 Epiphytic | NT | 树干, 石壁 Trunk and rock | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ 230-800, 1,200-1,400 |
大明山舌唇兰 Platanthera damingshanica | 地生 Terrestrial | VU | 林缘 Forest edge | RY, TJS, LTJ 1,000-1,800 |
密花舌唇兰 P. hologlottis | 地生 Terrestrial | VU (NT) | 林下 Forest | RY 1,600-1,902 |
尾瓣舌唇兰 P. mandarinorum | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 林缘 Forest edge | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 600-1,800 |
独蒜兰 Pleione bulbocodioides | 附生 Epiphytic | NT (VU) | 潮湿石壁 Damp rock | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 600-1,800 |
短茎萼脊兰 Sedirea subparishii | 附生 Epiphytic | CR (NT) | 树干 Trunk | RY 800-1,000 |
苞舌兰 Spathoglottis pubescens | 地生 Terrestrial | NT (VU) | 路边 Road side | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 600-1,000 |
绶草 Spiranthes sinensis | 地生 Terrestrial | LC | 湿坡 Damp slope | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ 230-1,600, 1,800-1,902 |
带唇兰 Tainia dunnii | 地生 Terrestrial | NT | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS, LTJ, CJ, DDS 400-1,000, 1,400-1,800 |
大花带唇兰 T. macrantha | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (VU) | 林下 Forest | RY, TJS 600-800 |
长轴白点兰 Thrixspermum saruwatarii | 附生 Epiphytic | EN (VU) | 树干 Trunk | RY, LTJ 600-1,200 |
长喙兰 Tsaiorchis neottianthoides | 地生 Terrestrial | CR (NT) | 湿坡 Damp slope | RY 800-1,000 |
线柱兰 Zeuxine strateumatica | 地生 Terrestrial | EN (NT) | 稻田 Paddy field | RY 230-400 |
管理处 Management department | 兰花种数 No. of orchid species | 面积 Area (km2) | 河流纵比降Longitudinal river slope (‰) | 气温 Temperature (℃) | 降雨量 Rainfall (mm) | 调查海拔高差 Alt. range of investigation (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
乳阳 Ruyang | 63 | 250.00 | 92.6 | 17.4 | 2,108.4 | 1,670 |
天井山 Tianjingshan | 33 | 155.00 | 91.1 | 22.0 | 2,200.0 | 1,300 |
秤架 Chengjia | 32 | 79.07 | 86.5 | 21.6* | 1, 883.3* | 1,300 |
龙潭角 Longtanjiao | 33 | 53.74 | 94.4 | 21.6* | 1, 883.3* | 1,000 |
大东山 Dadongshan | 12 | 45.93 | 79.8 | 19.5* | 1,621.0 | 900 |
表1 南岭国家级自然保护区5个管理处兰科植物物种数及自然条件比较
Table 1 Comparison of orchid species number and natural conditions among five management departments in Nanling National Nature Reserve
管理处 Management department | 兰花种数 No. of orchid species | 面积 Area (km2) | 河流纵比降Longitudinal river slope (‰) | 气温 Temperature (℃) | 降雨量 Rainfall (mm) | 调查海拔高差 Alt. range of investigation (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
乳阳 Ruyang | 63 | 250.00 | 92.6 | 17.4 | 2,108.4 | 1,670 |
天井山 Tianjingshan | 33 | 155.00 | 91.1 | 22.0 | 2,200.0 | 1,300 |
秤架 Chengjia | 32 | 79.07 | 86.5 | 21.6* | 1, 883.3* | 1,300 |
龙潭角 Longtanjiao | 33 | 53.74 | 94.4 | 21.6* | 1, 883.3* | 1,000 |
大东山 Dadongshan | 12 | 45.93 | 79.8 | 19.5* | 1,621.0 | 900 |
濒危等级 Endangerment degree | 海拔 Altitude (m) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
230-400 | 400-600 | 600-800 | 800-1,000 | 1,000-1,200 | 1,200-1,400 | 1,400-1,600 | 1,600-1,800 | 1,800-1,902 | |
极危 CR | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
濒危 EN | 2 | 5 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 |
易危 VU | 4 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
近危 NT | 6 | 9 | 16 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 0 |
无危 LC | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
总计 Total | 16 | 21 | 46 | 40 | 27 | 27 | 24 | 13 | 3 |
表2 南岭国家级自然保护区各海拔高度兰花濒危等级的物种数统计(根据IUCN, 2001)
Table 2 Species number and the endangerment degrees of orchids in Nanling National Nature Reserve based on IUCN (2001)
濒危等级 Endangerment degree | 海拔 Altitude (m) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
230-400 | 400-600 | 600-800 | 800-1,000 | 1,000-1,200 | 1,200-1,400 | 1,400-1,600 | 1,600-1,800 | 1,800-1,902 | |
极危 CR | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
濒危 EN | 2 | 5 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 |
易危 VU | 4 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
近危 NT | 6 | 9 | 16 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 0 |
无危 LC | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
总计 Total | 16 | 21 | 46 | 40 | 27 | 27 | 24 | 13 | 3 |
区系类型 Flora types | 海拔 Altitude (m) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
230- 400 | 400- 600 | 600- 800 | 800- 1,000 | 1,000- 1,200 | 1,200- 1,400 | 1,400- 1,600 | 1,600- 1,800 | 1,800- 1,902 | 总计 Total | |
5 热带亚洲至大洋洲分布 Trop. Asia & Trop. Australasia | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
6.2 热带亚洲至马达加斯加间断分布Trop. Asia & Madagascar disjuncted | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
7 热带亚洲分布 Trop. Asia | 7 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 54 |
7.4 中南半岛至华南(西南)分布 Indo-Chinese Peninsula to S. China (or SW. China) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
8 北温带分布 North Temperate | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
14 东亚分布 East Asia | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 |
14.2 中国至日本 Sino-Japan | 3 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 51 |
15.1 秦岭以南 South Qinling Moun. | 1 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 37 |
15.2 华南 South China | 1 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 31 |
表3 南岭国家级自然保护区不同海拔高度的兰科植物区系成分分析
Table 3 Floristic components of orchids at different elevations in Nanling National Nature Reserve
区系类型 Flora types | 海拔 Altitude (m) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
230- 400 | 400- 600 | 600- 800 | 800- 1,000 | 1,000- 1,200 | 1,200- 1,400 | 1,400- 1,600 | 1,600- 1,800 | 1,800- 1,902 | 总计 Total | |
5 热带亚洲至大洋洲分布 Trop. Asia & Trop. Australasia | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
6.2 热带亚洲至马达加斯加间断分布Trop. Asia & Madagascar disjuncted | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
7 热带亚洲分布 Trop. Asia | 7 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 54 |
7.4 中南半岛至华南(西南)分布 Indo-Chinese Peninsula to S. China (or SW. China) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
8 北温带分布 North Temperate | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
14 东亚分布 East Asia | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 |
14.2 中国至日本 Sino-Japan | 3 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 51 |
15.1 秦岭以南 South Qinling Moun. | 1 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 37 |
15.2 华南 South China | 1 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 31 |
海拔 Altitude (m) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
230-400 | 400- 600 | 600-800 | 800-1,000 | 1,000-1,200 | 1,200-1,400 | 1,400-1,600 | 1,600-1,800 | |
400-600 | 0.480 | |||||||
600-800 | 0.265 | 0.223 | ||||||
800-1,000 | 0.273 | 0.271 | 0.593 | |||||
1,000-1,200 | 0.229 | 0.171 | 0.431 | 0.558 | ||||
1,200-1,400 | 0.229 | 0.200 | 0.352 | 0.396 | 0.460 | |||
1,400-1,600 | 0.212 | 0.286 | 0.273 | 0.333 | 0.378 | 0.378 | ||
1,600-1,800 | 0.393 | 0.097 | 0.180 | 0.233 | 0.290 | 0.290 | 0.370 | |
1,800-1,902 | 0.056 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.049 | 0.071 | 0.035 | 0.039 | 0.067 |
表4 南岭国家级自然保护区不同海拔段兰科植物物种相似性系数
Table 4 Similarity coefficients of orchids in each elevation of Nanling National Nature Reserve
海拔 Altitude (m) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
230-400 | 400- 600 | 600-800 | 800-1,000 | 1,000-1,200 | 1,200-1,400 | 1,400-1,600 | 1,600-1,800 | |
400-600 | 0.480 | |||||||
600-800 | 0.265 | 0.223 | ||||||
800-1,000 | 0.273 | 0.271 | 0.593 | |||||
1,000-1,200 | 0.229 | 0.171 | 0.431 | 0.558 | ||||
1,200-1,400 | 0.229 | 0.200 | 0.352 | 0.396 | 0.460 | |||
1,400-1,600 | 0.212 | 0.286 | 0.273 | 0.333 | 0.378 | 0.378 | ||
1,600-1,800 | 0.393 | 0.097 | 0.180 | 0.233 | 0.290 | 0.290 | 0.370 | |
1,800-1,902 | 0.056 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.049 | 0.071 | 0.035 | 0.039 | 0.067 |
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