川西亚高山/高山森林大型土壤动物群落多样性及其对季节性冻融的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09138

生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 215-223. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09138

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

川西亚高山/高山森林大型土壤动物群落多样性及其对季节性冻融的响应

谭波, 吴福忠, 杨万勤^*(), 夏磊, 杨玉莲, 王奥

四川农业大学生态林业研究所林业生态工程重点实验室, 四川温江 611130

收稿日期:2011-08-15 接受日期:2012-03-08 出版日期:2012-03-20 发布日期:2012-04-09
通讯作者: 杨万勤
作者简介:* E-mail: scyangwq@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31000213);国家自然科学基金(31170423);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAC09B05);教育部博士点基金(20105103110002);中国博士后科学基金(20110491732);四川省杰出青年学术技术带头人培育计划(2011JQ0035)

Soil macro-fauna community diversity and its response to seasonal freeze-thaw in the subalpine/alpine forests of western Sichuan

Bo Tan, Fuzhong Wu, Wanqin Yang^*(), Lei Xia, , Ao Wang

Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecological Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130

Received:2011-08-15 Accepted:2012-03-08 Online:2012-03-20 Published:2012-04-09
Contact: Wanqin Yang

1. 附录I 川西亚高山/高山不同海拔森林群落冻融期、冻结期、融化期及生长季节大型土壤动物平均密度(ind./m2) .pdf(218KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解季节性冻融及其变化对土壤动物群落特征的影响, 于2008年11月-2009年10月的冬季(土壤冻融期、冻结期和融化期)及植被生长季节, 研究了不同岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)林的大型土壤动物群落特征。共采集大型土壤动物10,763只, 隶属于91科。冬季与生长季节土壤动物群落结构存在显著差异: 冬季以长角毛蚊科幼虫和尖眼蕈蚊科幼虫为优势类群, 大蚊科幼虫、苔甲科和蠓科幼虫等为常见类群; 而生长季节以蚁科、隐翅甲科、长角毛蚊科幼虫和异蛩目为优势类群, 原铗叭科、蝇科幼虫和石蜈蚣目等为常见类群。土壤动物群落个体密度、类群数量和多样性指数(H')随冻融格局变化表现出先降低后升高的趋势, 在土壤融化期达到了一个明显高峰值。冬季土壤动物以腐食性类群为主, 捕食性和植食性功能类群在融化末期(4月25日)和生长季节初期(5月25日)显著增加。研究结果表明冻融循环和冻结作用显著影响土壤动物群落结构, 季节转换过程中土壤动物群落的变化可能对深入认识冬季和生长季节生态过程的相互关系具有重要意义。

关键词: 冬季生态学, 冻融循环, 生物多样性, Abies faxoniana

Abstract

In order to understand the effects of seasonal freeze-thaw on the structure of soil macro-faunal community, we conducted a field experiment in three representative fir (Abies faxoniana) forests at different elevations in the subalpine/alpine forests of western Sichuan. The composition, abundance, and diversity of soil macro-faunal community were investigated in winter (including onset of soil freezing period, soil frozen period, and soil thawing period) and growing season of vegetation from November 2008 to October 2009. A total of 10,763 individuals were collected and, according to preliminary identification, they belonged to 91 families. There were obvious differences in soil macro-faunal community structure between winter and growing season. The dominant groups in winter consisted of Hesperinidae and Sciaridae, while the ordinary groups consisted of Tipulidae, Scydmaenidae and Ceratopogonidae. However, the dominant groups in growing season consisted of Formicidae, Staphylinidae, Hesperinidae and Spirostreptida, and the ordinary groups consisted of Lithobiomorpha, Projapygidae and Muscidae. Moreover, individual density, number of taxonomic groups, and Shannon-Wiener index of soil macro-faunal community tended to decrease and then increase to a distinct peak in the soil thawing period as seasonal freeze-thaw proceeded in winter. In addition, saprozoic species dominated the functional groups in winter, and the proportion of predatory and phytophagous soil macro-faunal species increased in late soil thawing (April 25) and early growing season (May 25). Our results suggest that seasonal freeze-thaw and freezing events significantly influence the structure of soil faunal community, and that changes in the soil faunal community during the transitional period between late soil thawing and the early growing season may have important influences on ecological processes.

Key words: soil ecology, freeze-thaw cycle, biodiversity, Abies faxoniana

谭波, 吴福忠, 杨万勤, 夏磊, 杨玉莲, 王奥 (2012) 川西亚高山/高山森林大型土壤动物群落多样性及其对季节性冻融的响应. 生物多样性, 20, 215-223. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09138.

Bo Tan, Fuzhong Wu, Wanqin Yang, Lei Xia, , Ao Wang (2012) Soil macro-fauna community diversity and its response to seasonal freeze-thaw in the subalpine/alpine forests of western Sichuan. Biodiversity Science, 20, 215-223. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09138.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09138

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I2/215

图/表 7

图1 川西亚高山/高山不同森林群落土壤5 cm深度日平均温度动态(2008年11月-2009年10月)

Fig. 1 Dynamics of daily mean soil temperature at the soil depth of 5 cm in the subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan from November 1, 2008 to October 30, 2009.

表1 川西亚高山/高山不同森林群落土壤冻融期、冻结期和融化期土壤冻融循环次数和平均土壤温度

Table 1 Number of soil freeze-thaw cycle and mean soil temperauture in the subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan during onset of freezing stage, deeply frozen stage, and thawing stage

森林 Forest	循环次数 Number of soil freeze-thaw cycles (n)			土壤平均温度 Soil mean temperature (℃)
森林 Forest	冻融期 OF	冻结期 DF	融化期 TS	冻融期 OF	冻结期 DF	融化期 TS
原始林(A1) Primary forest	4	0	16	0.105	-0.422	0.442
混交林(A2) Mixed forest	10	0	8	0.211	-0.562	2.601
次生林(A3) Secondary forest	5	0	6	1.150	-0.900	1.193

图2 川西亚高山/高山不同森林群落冻融期、冻结期、融化期及生长季节土壤捕食性、植食性和腐食性动物功能类群组成

Fig. 2 Composition of the function groups (predators, phytophaga, and saprozoic) of soil macro-fauna in the subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan during onset of freezing stage, deeply frozen stage, thawing stage, and growing season. OF, Onset of freezing stage; DF, Deeply frozen stage; TS, Thawing stage; GS, Growing season.

表2 川西亚高山/高山不同森林群落冻融期、冻结期、融化期及生长季节大型土壤动物平均密度和类群数量特征

Table 2 Characteristics of the mean density and group number of soil macro-fauna in the subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan during onset of freezing stage, deeply frozen stage, thawing stage, and growing season

时期 Date	土层 Layer	原始林 Primary forest		混交林 Mixed forest		次生林 Secondary forest
时期 Date	土层 Layer	密度 Density (ind./m²)	类群数量 No. of groups	密度 Density (ind./m²)	类群数量 No. of groups	密度 Density (ind./m²)	类群数量 No. of groups
冻融期 OF	I	104.60±44.11^a	30.32±6.18^a	125.00±18.57^a	37.00±6.22^a	86.40±29.45^a	28.65±6.85^a
冻融期 OF	II	30.73±15.32^a	7.75±1.67^a	46.56±9.82^a	9.82±2.11^a	28.42±11.22^a	7.41±1.35^a
冻结期 DF	I	81.33±7.55^ab	21.33±1.15^b	103.93±13.63^a	31.33±4.73^b	80.27±12.06^ab	17.67±1.52^b
冻结期 DF	II	22.15±7.62^a	4.40±0.82^b	34.11±8.72^a	5.42±0.47^b	23.11±4.32^a	4.33±0.33b
融化期 TS	I	191.00±39.52^ac	47.50±5.97^c	223.00±110.42^b	49.50±8.81^ac	151.00±70.28^ac	36.00±5.03^a
融化期 TS	II	65.79±17.35^b	11.57±2.60c	84.56±21.11^b	15.26±2.81^c	54.92±10.54^b	11.21±2.53^c
生长季节 GS	I	254.27±53.17^cd	53.33±10.67^c	295.47±61.47^b	66.22±9.50c	205.27±72.47^cd	58.33±17.67^c
生长季节 GS	II	97.53±14.38^c	18.50±4.22^d	104.56±23.48^b	20.34±3.35^d	73.42±24.35^b	16.88±2.12^d

图3 川西亚高山/高山不同森林群落冻融期、冻结期、融化期及生长季节大型土壤动物平均密度和类群数量动态。图中同一森林不同小写字母表示平均密度在P = 0.05水平上差异显著(通过LSD法比较)。

Fig. 3 Dynamics of the mean density and group number of soil macro-fauna in the subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan during onset of freezing stage, deeply frozen stage, thawing stage, and growing season. The different lowercases in the same forest denote the significant difference (P = 0.05) in mean density based on the LSD. OF, Onset of freezing stage; DF, Deeply frozen stage; TS, Thawing stage; GS, Growing season.

图4 川西亚高山/高山不同森林群落冻融期、冻结期、融化期及生长季节土壤捕食性、植食性和腐食性动物功能类群动态

Fig. 4 Dynamics of the functional groups (predators, phytophaga, and saprozoic) of soil macro-fauna in the subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan during onset of freezing stage, deeply frozen stage, thawing stage, and growing season. OF, Onset of freezing stage; DF, Deeply frozen stage; TS, Thawing stage; GS, Growing season.

图5 川西亚高山/高山不同森林群落冻融期、冻结期、融化期及生长季节多样性指数(H')和均匀性指数(J)动态

Fig. 5 Dynamics of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and Pielou evenness index (J) of soil macro-fauna in the subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan during onset of freezing stage, deeply frozen stage, thawing stage, and growing season. OF, Onset of freezing stage; DF, Deeply frozen stage; TS, Thawing stage; GS, Growing season.

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川西亚高山/高山森林大型土壤动物群落多样性及其对季节性冻融的响应

Soil macro-fauna community diversity and its response to seasonal freeze-thaw in the subalpine/alpine forests of western Sichuan

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