生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 177-183. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020478 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2020478
收稿日期:
2020-12-25
接受日期:
2021-02-09
出版日期:
2021-02-20
发布日期:
2021-02-12
通讯作者:
胡飞龙,杨礼荣
作者简介:
yang.lirong@fecomee.org.cn基金资助:
Lei Gao1, Lei Wang2, Feilong Hu2,*(), Lirong Yang1,*(
)
Received:
2020-12-25
Accepted:
2021-02-09
Online:
2021-02-20
Published:
2021-02-12
Contact:
Feilong Hu,Lirong Yang
摘要:
农业生物多样性是《生物多样性公约》(以下简称《公约》)履约的核心议题之一, 对世界粮食安全、农业可持续发展以及实现碳中和具有重要实践意义。然而, 越来越多的研究表明, 由于人口的持续增长和饮食结构的根本性改变, 农业扩张已成为生物多样性丧失的主要驱动力之一。本文基于《公约》条款、第二次至第十四次缔约方大会相关决定、生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学与政策平台评估报告、第五版《全球生物多样性展望》(GBO-5)等内容, 系统梳理了《公约》谈判中农业生物多样性的履约进展和演变进程, 分析了农业生物多样性面临的严峻形势及存在问题。在此基础上, 从深入农业生物多样性相关指标研究、基于自然的解决方案、实现农业绿色可持续发展以及推动非国家利益相关方参与等层面, 就加强中国农业生物多样性保护工作提出建议, 以期有利于塑造中国良好对外形象, 也为维护世界农业稳定和粮食安全、推动《公约》第十五次缔约方大会(COP15)的顺利召开和成果达成奠定科学基础。
高磊, 王蕾, 胡飞龙, 杨礼荣 (2021) 农业生物多样性保护履约进展及对我国农业发展的启示. 生物多样性, 29, 177-183. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020478.
Lei Gao, Lei Wang, Feilong Hu, Lirong Yang (2021) Recent progress of agro-biodiversity conservation and implications for agricultural development in China. Biodiversity Science, 29, 177-183. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020478.
目标组成 Components of the targets | 一般指标 Elements | 具体指标 Indicators | 基线数据获取时间和更新频率 Period of availability of baseline data and frequency of updates |
---|---|---|---|
农业生物多样性的可持续管理, 包括土壤生物多样性、栽培植物和养殖、驯养动物以及野生近亲缘种 Sustainable management of agricultural biodiversity, including soil biodiversity, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and wild relatives | 可持续做法下农业面积趋势 Trends in area of agriculture under sustainable practices | 退化农田面积占农田面积的比例(可持续发展目标, 指标15.3.1) Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area (Sustainable Development Goals, indicator 15.3.1) | |
生产性和可持续性农业面积的比例(可持续发展目标, 指标2.4.1) Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture (Sustainable Development Goals, indicator 2.4.1) | |||
保护性农业用地面积 Areas of agricultural land under conservation agriculture | |||
土壤质量趋势 Trends in soil quality | 耕地质量等级 Quality grade of cultivated land | ||
传粉者的趋势 Trends in pollinators | 红色名录指数(授粉物种) Red List Index (Pollinating species) | 1993-2020, 定期更新 1993-2020, Updated periodically | |
栽培植物和野生近缘种的基因多样性趋势 Trends in genetic diversity of cultivated plants and wild relatives | 在中长期保护设施中获得的粮食和农业动植物遗传资源数量(可持续发展目标, 指标2.5.1) Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long term conservation facilities (Sustainable Development Goals, indicator 2.5.1) | 1995-2019 | |
驯养动物和野生种的遗传多样性趋势 Trends in genetic diversity of domesticated animals and wild relatives | 被列为濒危灭绝风险的地方牲畜品种比例 Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction | 1980-2020 | |
水产养殖的可持续管理 Sustainable management of aquaculture | 可持续做法下水产养殖的产量趋势 Trends in production of aquaculture under sustainable practices | 可持续做法下水产养殖产量 Production of aquaculture under sustainable practices | |
各类型森林的可持续 管理 Sustainable management of all types of forests | 可持续做法下森林面积比例趋势Trends in proportion of area of forests under sustainable practices | 可持续森林管理方面的进展(可持续发展目标, 指标15.2.1) Progress towards sustainable forest management (Sustainable Development Goals, indicator 15.2.1) | 2000-2018 |
可持续管理下(包括FSC和PEFC森林管理 认证)的森林面积 Area of forest under sustainable management: Total FSC and PEFC forest management certification | 1995-2017 |
表1 “2020年后全球生物多样性框架”目标9中有关定性与定量指标*
Table 1 Qualitative and quantitative indicators related to Goal 9 of the “Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework”
目标组成 Components of the targets | 一般指标 Elements | 具体指标 Indicators | 基线数据获取时间和更新频率 Period of availability of baseline data and frequency of updates |
---|---|---|---|
农业生物多样性的可持续管理, 包括土壤生物多样性、栽培植物和养殖、驯养动物以及野生近亲缘种 Sustainable management of agricultural biodiversity, including soil biodiversity, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and wild relatives | 可持续做法下农业面积趋势 Trends in area of agriculture under sustainable practices | 退化农田面积占农田面积的比例(可持续发展目标, 指标15.3.1) Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area (Sustainable Development Goals, indicator 15.3.1) | |
生产性和可持续性农业面积的比例(可持续发展目标, 指标2.4.1) Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture (Sustainable Development Goals, indicator 2.4.1) | |||
保护性农业用地面积 Areas of agricultural land under conservation agriculture | |||
土壤质量趋势 Trends in soil quality | 耕地质量等级 Quality grade of cultivated land | ||
传粉者的趋势 Trends in pollinators | 红色名录指数(授粉物种) Red List Index (Pollinating species) | 1993-2020, 定期更新 1993-2020, Updated periodically | |
栽培植物和野生近缘种的基因多样性趋势 Trends in genetic diversity of cultivated plants and wild relatives | 在中长期保护设施中获得的粮食和农业动植物遗传资源数量(可持续发展目标, 指标2.5.1) Number of plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long term conservation facilities (Sustainable Development Goals, indicator 2.5.1) | 1995-2019 | |
驯养动物和野生种的遗传多样性趋势 Trends in genetic diversity of domesticated animals and wild relatives | 被列为濒危灭绝风险的地方牲畜品种比例 Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk of extinction | 1980-2020 | |
水产养殖的可持续管理 Sustainable management of aquaculture | 可持续做法下水产养殖的产量趋势 Trends in production of aquaculture under sustainable practices | 可持续做法下水产养殖产量 Production of aquaculture under sustainable practices | |
各类型森林的可持续 管理 Sustainable management of all types of forests | 可持续做法下森林面积比例趋势Trends in proportion of area of forests under sustainable practices | 可持续森林管理方面的进展(可持续发展目标, 指标15.2.1) Progress towards sustainable forest management (Sustainable Development Goals, indicator 15.2.1) | 2000-2018 |
可持续管理下(包括FSC和PEFC森林管理 认证)的森林面积 Area of forest under sustainable management: Total FSC and PEFC forest management certification | 1995-2017 |
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