生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 22654.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022654

• 生物多样性保护对策专题 • 上一篇    

简述《2020年后全球生物多样性框架》谈判进展

罗茂芳1,2, 郭寅峰3, 马克平1,4,*()   

  1. 1.中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
    2.中国科学院生物多样性委员会, 北京 100093
    3.自然资源部海洋减灾中心, 北京 100194
    4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-20 接受日期:2022-11-28 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 马克平
  • 作者简介: E-mail: kpma@ibcas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院生物多样性专项(80016F2005);中国科学院《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会专项(KFJ-COP0-001)

A brief introduction to the negotiations of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework

Maofang Luo1,2, Yinfeng Guo3, Keping Ma1,4,*()   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
    2. Biodiversity Committee, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
    3. National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100194
    4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
  • Received:2022-11-20 Accepted:2022-11-28 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-11-30
  • Contact: Keping Ma

摘要:

《生物多样性公约》(简称《公约》)第十五次缔约方大会(COP15)第二阶段会议上将审议通过正在编制的2020年后全球生物多样性框架(简称“框架”)。该框架具有里程碑意义, 对未来全球生物多样性保护、经济和社会发展有重要指导作用。由于生物多样性的持续丧失, 只有通过变革式的转型, 才能实现到2050年人与自然和谐发展的美好愿景。框架以变革理论为基础, 拟制定雄心勃勃又务实平衡的生物多样性保护目标。生物多样性与人类息息相关, 目标的制定将对人类社会的生产、消费等产生重大影响。由于《公约》机制和框架磋商的复杂性等多种原因, 仅极少数人完整地了解框架的内容和谈判进程。经过框架不限成员名额工作组(以下简称“OEWG”) 4次会议的磋商, 框架结构和要素已基本确定, 其中最受关注的是22个2030年行动目标, 包括减少对生物多样性的威胁(行动目标1‒8)、通过可持续利用和惠益分享来满足人的需求(行动目标9‒13)和执行工作和主流化的工具和解决方案(行动目标14‒22) 3个部分。本文介绍了OEWG第四次会议磋商的框架草案中行动目标的谈判进展, 对框架中30 × 30目标、资源调动等核心议题进行了分析, 从而为管理部门、科研机构、企业、社会组织、从事生物多样性教育和保护的广大工作者等社会各界了解全球生物多样性治理对国际经济秩序的重塑提供视角和方法上的参考, 从而更好地把握参与科技、贸易、投资、制造等领域国际竞争的环境政治动态与方向, 促进人与自然和谐共生, 共建地球生命共同体。

关键词: 生物多样性, 2020年后全球生物多样性框架, 《生物多样性公约》, 保护目标, 第十五次缔约方大会, 执行机制

Abstract

Background & Aims: The post-2020 global biodiversity framework (the “Framework”) being prepared by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) will be negotiated and adopted at the second part of the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention (COP15). The Framework is a landmark and plays an important guiding role for future global biodiversity conservation, economic and social development. Due to the continuous loss of biodiversity, the vision of living in harmony with nature by 2050 can only be fulfilled through transformative actions. In this paper, we describe the progress of the negotiations of the 22 action-oriented targets in drafting the Framework as at the fourth meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (hereinafter referred to as “OEWG”), so as to provide a perspective and methodological reference for management departments, scientific research institutions, enterprises, social organizations, and professionals engaged in biodiversity education and conservation to understand the reshaping of the international economic order through global biodiversity governance.

Progress: The Framework is built around a theory of change, and aims to set ambitious, practical and balanced biodiversity conservation goals. Biodiversity greatly affects human beings, and the actualization of the goals and targets set by the Framework will have a great impact on the production and consumption of human society. For several reasons including the complexity of the Convention mechanisms and Framework negotiations, few people have a full understanding of the content of the Framework and the negotiation process it entails. After four meetings of OEWG, the structure and elements of the Framework have been defined. The 22 urgent action-orientated targets over the next decade for 2030 are of greatest concern. The targets break down into three components: reducing threats to biodiversity (targets 1-8), meeting people’s needs through sustainable use and benefit-sharing (targets 9‒13) and tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming (targets 14‒22).

Prospects: In this paper, we discussed the core topics of the negotiations, such as the 30 × 30 target and resource mobilization in the Framework in order to provide a reference for relevant stakeholders to better grasp the dynamics of environmental politics and trends of participating in an international competition of science and technology, trade, investment, manufacturing, and other fields. This will promote people’s living in harmony with nature, and help build a planetary community of life with a shared future.

Key words: biodiversity, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, implementation mechanism, targets, post-2020 global biodiversity framework