兴隆山国家级自然保护区不同生境的蝴蝶群落结构与种-多度分布

doi:10.17520/biods.2019386

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (8): 983-992. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019386

所属专题：昆虫多样性与生态功能

兴隆山国家级自然保护区不同生境的蝴蝶群落结构与种-多度分布

尚素琴¹^,^*(), 吴兴波¹, 王召龙¹, 彭鹤年¹, 周惠丽², 张红勇², 白映禄¹

^1. 甘肃农业大学植物保护学院/甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室, 兰州 730070
^2. 甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区管理局, 甘肃榆中 730117

收稿日期:2019-12-06 接受日期:2020-06-16 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-09-01
通讯作者: 尚素琴
作者简介:*. E-mail: shangsq@gsau.edu.cn
基金资助:
生态环境部生物多样性保护重大工程(SDZXWJZ012016034)

Butterfly community structure and species-abundance distribution in different habitats in the Xinglong Mountains National Nature Reserve

Suqin Shang¹^,^*(), Xingbo Wu¹, Zhaolong Wang¹, Henian Peng¹, Huili Zhou², Hongyong Zhang², Yinglu Bai¹

1 Biological Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
2 Administration of Xinglong Mountains National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province, Yuzhong, Gansu 730117

Received:2019-12-06 Accepted:2020-06-16 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-09-01
Contact: Suqin Shang

1. 附录1 兴隆山国家级自然保护区各样线蝴蝶的种类及数量.pdf(180KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区内的蝴蝶种类, 以及不同生境的蝴蝶群落结构与种-多度分布的变化情况, 在全部5个林场选取6条样线, 于2015-2018年连续4年采用样线法对保护区的蝴蝶进行调查和采集, 并分析了其多样性指数及种-多度分布。4年共采集蝴蝶标本5,719号, 经鉴定隶属8科69属120种。眼蝶科(3,093号)是保护区的优势类群, 喙蝶科仅采集到1号标本(朴喙蝶, Libythea lepita), 为保护区的稀有种类。其中, 各样线的种数、个体数、多样性指数以及物种丰富度表现为: 样线I最高, 样线IV次之, 说明其生境结构稳定, 环境良好, 适合蝶类生存; 样线III蜜源植物丰富, 各项指数较高; 样线V海拔较高, 各项指数较低; 样线II植物群落结构单一, 各项指数最低。相似性系数分析结果表明: 样线I和VI、III和IV、III和VI均为中等相似; 其余各样线间为中等不相似。区系分析结果表明: 古北种有63种, 占总种数的52.5%; 东洋种2种, 占总种数的1.7%; 广布种55种, 占总种数的45.8%。说明古北种占绝对优势, 且明显高于东洋种, 具有很强的地区代表性。种-多度分布分析结果表明: 样线I和IV呈现出对数正态分布, 模型拟合效果较好; 样线II和VI为非典型的对数级数模型, 符合生态位优先占领假说。说明不同生境以及人为干扰因素与蝶类多样性关系密切, 表现出单一生态系统蝴蝶群落的多样性指数较低, 复杂生态系统其多样性指数较高的特点。

关键词: 蝴蝶, 群落结构, 生物多样性指数, 种-多度分布, 兴隆山国家级自然保护区

Abstract

In order to determine species abundance, abundance distribution, and changes in community structure of butterflies found in different habitats in Xinglong Mountains National Nature Reserve, there are six sampling transect lines in total were used in various habitats in the forest stations located within the reserve. Between 2015-2018, the butterfly community in the reserve was evaluated using the method of route tracking. A total of 5,719 butterfly specimens belonging to 120 species, 69 genera, and 8 families were collected and these data were used to determine the biodiversity index and species-abundance distribution. The results show that the family Satyridae was the dominant group while species of family Libytheidae were the rarest. Using species numbers, individual numbers, diversity index and species richness as primary metrics, the sampling transect lines performed as follows: line I ranked first, and line IV ranked second, indicating that these habitats have stable structure and ideal environments well-suited for butterfly survival; line III ranked next and had a high diversity index due an abundance of nectar plants, followed by line V which had a lower diversity index due to its location at a higher altitude; finally, line II was ranked lowest due to the simple plant community structure present. The similarity coefficient between line I and VI, III and IV, III and VI were moderately similar, while pairwise comparisons between all other line combinations were moderately dissimilar. The fauna analysis showed that there were 63 Palaearctic species, 2 Oriental species, and 55 widely distributed species, which accounted for 52.5%, 1.7%, and 45.8% of the total species, respectively. The Palaearctic species were dominant relative to the Oriental species, which had a strong regional representation. The results of the species-abundance distribution analysis found that line I and IV had lognormal distribution pattern with a good model fit and line II and VI were atypical logarithmic series model, which was in accordance with the niche-preemption hypothesis. Together, these results indicate that both different habitats and human disturbance correlate with butterfly diversity, seen most notably in the diversity indices which were lower in simple ecosystems and higher in complicated ecosystems.

Key words: butterfly, community structure, diversity index, species-abundance distribution, Xinglong Mountains National Nature Reserve

尚素琴, 吴兴波, 王召龙, 彭鹤年, 周惠丽, 张红勇, 白映禄 (2020) 兴隆山国家级自然保护区不同生境的蝴蝶群落结构与种-多度分布. 生物多样性, 28, 983-992. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019386.

Suqin Shang, Xingbo Wu, Zhaolong Wang, Henian Peng, Huili Zhou, Hongyong Zhang, Yinglu Bai (2020) Butterfly community structure and species-abundance distribution in different habitats in the Xinglong Mountains National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 28, 983-992. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019386.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019386

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I8/983

图/表 8

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样线 Line	位置及主要植被类型 Site and type of vegetation	海拔 Altitude	人为干扰 Human disturbance
I	位于麻家寺管理站附近, 属灌木、阔叶林和农田生境。植物有花椒、沙棘、榛子、锦鸡儿、胡麻、紫花苜蓿、百合、杨树、桦树。 Located near the Majiasi Station, mainly including shrubs, broad-leaved forest and farmland habitats, and containing Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Hippophae rhamnoides, Corylus avellana, Caragana arborescens, Medicago sativa, Lilium brownii var. viridulum, Populus alba, and Betula utilis.	2,195-2,251 m	适中 Moderate
II	位于官滩沟管理站向西1 km处, 植被主要是针阔混交林和灌丛。植物有油松、落叶松、青海云杉、灌丛、杂草。 Located 1 km west to Guantangou Station, mainly including shrubs, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and containing Pinus tabuliformis, Larix gmelinii, Picea crassifolia, shrubs and grasses.	2,295-2,491 m	弱 Weak
III	位于兴隆山景区, 植被主要是灌木和针叶混交林。植物有油松、青海云杉、侧柏、圆柏、刺柏、小檗、沙棘、锦鸡儿。 Located in Xinglong Mountain Scenic Area, mainly including shrubs and coniferous mixed forest, and containing Pinus tabuliformis, Picea crassifolia, Platycladus orientalis, Sabina chinensis, Juniperus formosana, Berberis thunbergii, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Caragana arborescens.	2,203-2,322 m	适中 Moderate
IV	位于官滩沟管理站向东大约2 km处, 植被主要是农田和灌丛。植物有百合、玫瑰、油菜、荨麻、藜、野草莓、车前子、党参、大黄、益母草、蒲公英、红柳、沙棘。 Located about 2 km east to Guantangou Station, mainly including shrubs and farmerland, and containing Lilium brownii var. viridulum, Rosa rugosa, Brassica napus, Urtica fissa, Chenopodium album, Fragaria vesca, Plantago asiatica, Codonopsis pilosula, Rheum palmatum, Leonurus japonicus, Taraxacum mongolicum, Tamarix ramosissima, and Hippophae rhamnoides.	2,109-2,368 m	弱 Weak
V	位于上庄管理站, 植被主要是高山草甸和针叶林。植物有油松、落叶松及各种杂草。 Located in Shangzhuang Station, mainly including alpine meadow and coniferous forest, and containing Pinus tabuliformis, Larix gmelinii and all kinds of grasses.	2,595-2,848 m	弱 Weak
VI	位于马坡管理站向北约1 km处, 植被主要是针叶林和灌木。植物有油松、落叶松、桦树、小檗、黄芪、当归、党参。 Located about 1 km north to Mapo Station, mainly including coniferous forest and shrubs, and containing Pinus tabuliformis, Larix gmelinii, Betula sp., Berberis thunbergii, Astragalus propinquus, Angelica sinensis, and Codonopsis pilosula.	2,171-2,354 m	适中 Moderate

样线 Line	位置及主要植被类型 Site and type of vegetation	海拔 Altitude	人为干扰 Human disturbance
I	位于麻家寺管理站附近, 属灌木、阔叶林和农田生境。植物有花椒、沙棘、榛子、锦鸡儿、胡麻、紫花苜蓿、百合、杨树、桦树。 Located near the Majiasi Station, mainly including shrubs, broad-leaved forest and farmland habitats, and containing Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Hippophae rhamnoides, Corylus avellana, Caragana arborescens, Medicago sativa, Lilium brownii var. viridulum, Populus alba, and Betula utilis.	2,195-2,251 m	适中 Moderate
II	位于官滩沟管理站向西1 km处, 植被主要是针阔混交林和灌丛。植物有油松、落叶松、青海云杉、灌丛、杂草。 Located 1 km west to Guantangou Station, mainly including shrubs, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and containing Pinus tabuliformis, Larix gmelinii, Picea crassifolia, shrubs and grasses.	2,295-2,491 m	弱 Weak
III	位于兴隆山景区, 植被主要是灌木和针叶混交林。植物有油松、青海云杉、侧柏、圆柏、刺柏、小檗、沙棘、锦鸡儿。 Located in Xinglong Mountain Scenic Area, mainly including shrubs and coniferous mixed forest, and containing Pinus tabuliformis, Picea crassifolia, Platycladus orientalis, Sabina chinensis, Juniperus formosana, Berberis thunbergii, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Caragana arborescens.	2,203-2,322 m	适中 Moderate
IV	位于官滩沟管理站向东大约2 km处, 植被主要是农田和灌丛。植物有百合、玫瑰、油菜、荨麻、藜、野草莓、车前子、党参、大黄、益母草、蒲公英、红柳、沙棘。 Located about 2 km east to Guantangou Station, mainly including shrubs and farmerland, and containing Lilium brownii var. viridulum, Rosa rugosa, Brassica napus, Urtica fissa, Chenopodium album, Fragaria vesca, Plantago asiatica, Codonopsis pilosula, Rheum palmatum, Leonurus japonicus, Taraxacum mongolicum, Tamarix ramosissima, and Hippophae rhamnoides.	2,109-2,368 m	弱 Weak
V	位于上庄管理站, 植被主要是高山草甸和针叶林。植物有油松、落叶松及各种杂草。 Located in Shangzhuang Station, mainly including alpine meadow and coniferous forest, and containing Pinus tabuliformis, Larix gmelinii and all kinds of grasses.	2,595-2,848 m	弱 Weak
VI	位于马坡管理站向北约1 km处, 植被主要是针叶林和灌木。植物有油松、落叶松、桦树、小檗、黄芪、当归、党参。 Located about 1 km north to Mapo Station, mainly including coniferous forest and shrubs, and containing Pinus tabuliformis, Larix gmelinii, Betula sp., Berberis thunbergii, Astragalus propinquus, Angelica sinensis, and Codonopsis pilosula.	2,171-2,354 m	适中 Moderate

科名 Family	属数Genus	种数Species	个体数Individual	多样性指数 Diversity index			优势度指数Dominance index (D)	均匀度指数Evenness index (J)	物种丰富度指数Species richness index (R)
科名 Family	属数Genus	种数Species	个体数Individual	属级 Genera H′(G)	种级 Species H′(S)	属、种级 Genera and species H′(GS)	优势度指数Dominance index (D)	均匀度指数Evenness index (J)	物种丰富度指数Species richness index (R)
凤蝶科 Papilionidae	1	4	19	0.0000	1.0938	1.0938	0.5263	0.7890	1.0189
绢蝶科 Parnassiidae	1	1	39	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.0000	0.0000
粉蝶科 Pieridae	7	21	1,146	1.5720	2.4708	4.0428	0.1483	0.8116	2.8393
眼蝶科 Satyridae	16	23	3,093	1.7215	1.8094	3.5309	0.4413	0.5771	2.7373
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae	19	33	904	2.1170	2.4108	4.5278	0.3717	0.6895	4.7012
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae	19	30	415	2.1953	2.5394	4.7347	0.2337	0.7466	4.8107
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae	5	7	102	0.7054	1.2761	1.9815	0.8137	0.6558	1.2973
喙蝶科 Libytheidae	1	1	1	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.0000	0.0000

科名 Family	属数Genus	种数Species	个体数Individual	多样性指数 Diversity index			优势度指数Dominance index (D)	均匀度指数Evenness index (J)	物种丰富度指数Species richness index (R)
科名 Family	属数Genus	种数Species	个体数Individual	属级 Genera H′(G)	种级 Species H′(S)	属、种级 Genera and species H′(GS)	优势度指数Dominance index (D)	均匀度指数Evenness index (J)	物种丰富度指数Species richness index (R)
凤蝶科 Papilionidae	1	4	19	0.0000	1.0938	1.0938	0.5263	0.7890	1.0189
绢蝶科 Parnassiidae	1	1	39	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.0000	0.0000
粉蝶科 Pieridae	7	21	1,146	1.5720	2.4708	4.0428	0.1483	0.8116	2.8393
眼蝶科 Satyridae	16	23	3,093	1.7215	1.8094	3.5309	0.4413	0.5771	2.7373
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae	19	33	904	2.1170	2.4108	4.5278	0.3717	0.6895	4.7012
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae	19	30	415	2.1953	2.5394	4.7347	0.2337	0.7466	4.8107
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae	5	7	102	0.7054	1.2761	1.9815	0.8137	0.6558	1.2973
喙蝶科 Libytheidae	1	1	1	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	1.0000	0.0000	0.0000

样线 Line	科数 Family	属数 Genus	种数Species	个体数Individual	多样性指数 Diversity index				优势度指数 Dominance index (D)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	物种丰富度指数 Species richness index (R)
样线 Line	科数 Family	属数 Genus	种数Species	个体数Individual	科级Family H′(F)	属级 Genera H′(G)	种级 Species H′(S)	总多样性 Total H′(FGS)	优势度指数 Dominance index (D)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	物种丰富度指数 Species richness index (R)
样线I Line I	7	50	70	1,777	1.2047	2.7716	3.0379	7.0142	0.2735	0.7151	9.2213
样线II Line II	4	29	35	346	1.0911	2.5062	2.6507	6.2480	0.3237	0.7456	5.8155
样线III Line III	8	49	67	898	1.3225	2.8624	3.0531	7.2380	0.2205	0.7261	9.7056
样线IV Line IV	7	51	75	1,432	1.0342	2.7721	2.9751	6.7814	0.2647	0.6891	10.1833
样线V Line V	4	29	38	406	1.2865	2.7218	2.9964	6.4522	0.1207	0.8237	6.1601
样线VI Line VI	6	41	55	860	1.3217	2.8347	3.0064	7.1628	0.1814	0.7502	7.9918

兴隆山国家级自然保护区不同生境的蝴蝶群落结构与种-多度分布

Butterfly community structure and species-abundance distribution in different habitats in the Xinglong Mountains National Nature Reserve

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蝶类个体数范围中位数的log₃N对数级 Log₃N level of median number range of butterfly individuals	蝶类个体数范围(log₃N对数级所对应的个体数范围) Butterfly individual number range (individual number range corresponding to log₃N level)	蝶类个体数范围的中位数 Median number range of butterfly individuals	各对数级所对应的实际蝶类种数 The actual number of butterfly species corresponding to each logarithm level	各对数级所对应的理论蝶类种数 The number of theoretical butterfly species corresponding to each corresponding level
0	1	1	25	15.8188
1	2-4	3	17	25.5643
2	5-13	9	30	30.0000
3	14-40	27	23	25.5643
4	41-121	81	15	15.8188
5	122-364	243	7	7.1078
6	365-1,093	729	2	2.3191
7	1,094-3,280	2,187	1	0.5495

样线 Line	Ⅰ	II	III	IV	V	VI
I		26	45	48	31	44
II	0.3291		27	28	15	25
III	0.4891	0.3600		50	28	43
IV	0.4948	0.3415	0.5434		27	42
V	0.4026	0.2586	0.3636	0.3140		26
VI	0.5432	0.3846	0.5443	0.4773	0.3881

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