重度砍伐后极小种群野生植物崖柏群落结构动态

doi:10.17520/biods.2019235

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 333-339. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019235

重度砍伐后极小种群野生植物崖柏群落结构动态

赵志霞^1,²,赵常明²,邓舒雨^2,³,申国珍^2,³,谢宗强^2,³,熊高明^2,^*(),李俊清^1,^*()

^1. 北京林业大学森林资源生态系统过程北京市重点实验室, 北京 100083
^2. 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
^3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-07-25 接受日期:2019-10-08 出版日期:2020-03-20 发布日期:2019-12-24
通讯作者: 熊高明,李俊清
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0503100);“极小种群野生植物生存潜力与维持机制研究”课题(2016YFC0503101);国家科技基础性工作专项(2015FY1103002)

Community structure and dynamics of a remnant forest dominated by Thuja sutchuenensis after deforestation

Zhixia Zhao^1,²,Changming Zhao²,Shuyu Deng^2,³,Guozhen Shen^2,³,Zongqiang Xie^2,³,Gaoming Xiong^2,^*(),Junqing Li^1,^*()

^1. Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
^2. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
^3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2019-07-25 Accepted:2019-10-08 Online:2020-03-20 Published:2019-12-24
Contact: Gaoming Xiong,Junqing Li

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

砍伐导致濒危植物种群个体数量减少, 群落结构改变, 加剧物种灭绝风险。崖柏(Thuja sutchuenensis)为典型极小种群野生植物, 森林砍伐是导致其种群数量急剧下降的主要原因。但是, 到目前为止, 有关崖柏种群及其群落对砍伐的响应鲜有报道。本研究以重度砍伐后的崖柏群落为研究对象, 基于对崖柏群落固定样地的调查和两次复查, 对比分析了伐后崖柏种群径级结构、种群生存力、物种多样性及其群落结构动态等特征。结果表明: 崖柏残存群落伐后13年崖柏种群个体数量增加了22.58%, 其中幼苗幼树占85.71%, 而崖柏种群生存率下降25.43%, 种群死亡密度和危险率分别增加了24.12%和28.62%。崖柏群落物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数分别增加96.43%和33.35%。研究结果表明, 砍伐使崖柏种群生存力及其在群落中的优势度持续下降, 崖柏占优势的针阔混交林有向阔叶林演替的趋势, 崖柏种群受到严重威胁, 亟需采取紧急保护措施。

关键词: 砍伐, 崖柏, 极小种群野生植物, 种群生存力, 群落结构动态

Abstract

As forests are destroyed, remaining habitats may have too little area to sustain viable populations as extinction follows forest loss or fragmentation. Thuja sutchuenensisis, a typical Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP), once been declared extinct in the wild, were rediscovered in 1999. However, recent deforestation is a major threat to T. sutchuenensisis survival. Few studies have explored community responses by T. sutchuenensisis to long-term logging. Here, we quantified the population size, population viability, and community composition of the remaining T. sutchuenensisis forests following illegal and severe logging, based on three surveyed datasets on the permanent plots in 2004, 2010 and 2016, respectively. The results show that remaining T. sutchuenensisis seedlings and saplings had increased by 85.71% after 13 years of illegal logging. The population survival rate of T. sutchuenensisis decreased by 25.43%, in contrast, the death density and extinction risk rate increased by 24.12% and 28.62%, respectively. Meanwhile the species richness and the Shannon-Wiener index of the community showed an increase with 96.43% and 33.35% after 13 years of logging. The results demonstrate that the population viability and the dominance of T. sutchuenensisis in the remaining community show strong decline, and the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by T. sutchuenensisis is likely to be replaced by broad-leaved forest. Our results also have important implications for small population conservation, given that the remaining forest may play a unique role in the persistence of T. sutchuenensisis.

Key words: deforestation, Thuja sutchuenensis, Wild Plant with Extremely Small Populations (WPESP), population viability, community structure dynamics

赵志霞, 赵常明, 邓舒雨, 申国珍, 谢宗强, 熊高明, 李俊清 (2020) 重度砍伐后极小种群野生植物崖柏群落结构动态. 生物多样性, 28, 333-339. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019235.

Zhixia Zhao, Changming Zhao, Shuyu Deng, Guozhen Shen, Zongqiang Xie, Gaoming Xiong, Junqing Li (2020) Community structure and dynamics of a remnant forest dominated by Thuja sutchuenensis after deforestation. Biodiversity Science, 28, 333-339. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019235.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019235

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I3/333

图/表 7

图1 崖柏种群径级结构

Fig. 1 DBH size structure of Thuja sutchuenensis population. I, 0 < DBH < 4 cm; II, 4 ≤ DBH < 8 cm; III, 8 ≤ DBH < 12 cm; IV, 12 ≤ DBH < 16 cm; V, 16 ≤ DBH < 20 cm; VI, 20 ≤ DBH < 24 cm.

图2 幼苗幼树更新比

Fig. 2 Regeneration proportion of seedlings and saplings

图3 崖柏种群生存力。Si为生存率; Fi为累积死亡率; fti为死亡密度; λti为危险率。

Fig. 3 Population viability of Thuja sutchuenensis. Si is survival rate; Fi is cumulative death rate; fti is mortality rate density; λti is hazard rate.

表1 2004-2016年各变量非参数Friedman方差分析

Table 1 The non-parametric Friedman ANOVA for each variable during 2004-2016. * P < 0.05.

	自由度 Degree of freedom	平方和 Sum of squares	均方 Mean square	F	P
物种丰富度 Species richness	2	91.13	91.13	7.78	0.022*
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	2	0.634	0.634	6.948	0.039*
崖柏重要值 Importance value of Thuja sutchuenensis	2	336.5	336.5	4.517	0.018*
针叶树种重要值 Importance value of conifer species	2	500.1	500.1	4.099	0.105
常绿树种重要值 Importance value of evergreen species	2	10.8	10.77	0.152	0.716

图4 崖柏群落物种丰富度(A)和Shannon-Wiener指数(B)。不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Species richness (A) and Shannon-Wiener index (B) of Thuja sutchuenensis community. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

图5 群落中崖柏(A)、针叶树种(B)和常绿树种(C)重要值。不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 The proportion of importance values of Thuja sutchuenensis (A), conifer (B) and evergreen species (C) in the community. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

表2 2004-2016年主要乔木物种重要值

Table 2 Importance value of major tree species in the community during 2004-2016

物种 Species	重要值 Importance value (%)
	2004	2010	2016
崖柏 Thuja sutchuenensis	33.74	30.99	22.09
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis	18.03	16.89	12.73
刺叶高山栎 Quercus spinosa	14.22	10.18	12.30
粉白杜鹃 Rhododendron hypoglaucum	11.05	13.02	15.17
川陕鹅耳枥 Carpinus fargesiana	5.39	3.52	1.88
吊钟花 Enkianthus quinqueflorus	4.61	3.14	1.71
红柄木犀 Osmanthus armatus	3.70	2.96	2.57
小花八角 Illicium micranthum	3.68	2.50	2.16
云南冬青 Ilex yunnanensis	3.67	1.58	1.98
华西花楸 Sorbus wilsoniana	1.90	1.23	1.80

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重度砍伐后极小种群野生植物崖柏群落结构动态

Community structure and dynamics of a remnant forest dominated by Thuja sutchuenensis after deforestation

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