土壤原生动物对川滇高山栎恢复时间的响应及生长季动态

doi:10.17520/biods.2015121

生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 793-801. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015121

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康；青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

土壤原生动物对川滇高山栎恢复时间的响应及生长季动态

李玲娟^1,², 熊勤犁^1,^2,³, 潘开文^1,^*(), 张林^1,^*()

1 (中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041)
2 (中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
3 (四川大学生命科学学院, 成都 610064);① 侯来利 (2007) 淮南市高塘湖水域浮游动物群落特征研究, 硕士学位论文, 安徽理工大学, 淮南.

收稿日期:2015-05-07 接受日期:2015-08-20 出版日期:2015-11-20 发布日期:2015-12-02
通讯作者: 潘开文,张林
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31100350, 30901146, 31370632)和国家科技支撑计划(2011BAC09B04-01-03)

The responses of soil protozoan communities to Quercus aquifolioides: recovery after cutting and growing season dynamics

Lingjuan Li^1,², Qinli Xiong^1,^2,³, Kaiwen Pan^1,^*(), Lin Zhang^1,^*()

1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064

Received:2015-05-07 Accepted:2015-08-20 Online:2015-11-20 Published:2015-12-02
Contact: Pan Kaiwen,Zhang Lin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原东缘生态环境脆弱, 森林频繁遭到砍伐, 生物多样性受到严重威胁, 森林砍伐后的生态恢复成为研究热点。原生动物在生态恢复中作为指示生物起着重要作用。本文就未砍伐、砍伐后不同恢复时期(20年、10年和1年)生的川滇高山栎(Quercus aquifolioides)林的土壤理化性质和原生动物在生长季的变化进行比较研究, 以探讨生长季不同月份、不同恢复期的原生动物数量变化规律, 分析土壤理化性质与其相关性。结果表明: (1)恢复10年和1年的林地的鞭毛虫数量(193个/g干土, 164个/g干土)显著高于原始林地(22个/g干土), 肉足虫在恢复1年的林地中数量最多(600个/g干土), 纤毛虫数量则随次生演替进程逐渐增多。(2)在生长季不同月份原生动物的数量呈先增加后减少的趋势。鞭毛虫和肉足虫的峰值分别出现在7月和8月, 而纤毛虫的数量在7、8、9月明显高于6月。(3)原生动物数量与土壤理化性质密切相关。鞭毛虫数量与pH值呈显著正相关(P = 0.019), 纤毛虫数量与铵态氮(P = 0.002)和碳氮比呈显著正相关(P = 0.022), 肉足虫数量与硝态氮(P = 0.008)和碳氮比(P = 0.016)呈显著负相关。结果显示, 三种原生动物数量在生长季不同月份表现出较大的波动性, 其数量变化受土壤理化性质等多种因素调控。纤毛虫数量对川滇高山栎林砍伐恢复有正响应, 而鞭毛虫、肉足虫数量有负响应。

关键词: 川滇高山栎林, 砍伐, 生长季, 指示生物, 原生动物

Abstract

The eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is fragile but offers important ecological services. Because of frequent cutting, local biodiversity is seriously threatened. This makes ecological recovery from logging become a research hot spot. Protozoa as a biological indicator in ecological restoration plays an important role. In this paper, we selected four types of Quercus aquifolioides forests (mature stands, clearcuts for secondary growth aged 20 years, 10 years and 1 year) to study the alteration of soil physicochemical properties and protozoa quantity along different months during growing season. The main results showed that: (1) The amount of flagellates in the second growth forests within 10 years (193 ind./g dry soil) and within 1 year (164 ind./g dry soil) were significantly higher than that in the mature stands (22 ind./g dry soil), while the amount of amoebae was the most in the second growth forest within 1 year (600 ind./g dry soil). Ciliate quantities increased gradually along with the recovery after clearcuts. (2) Protozoa community quantities first showed a significant increase and then decrease with months during the growing season, the abundance of flagellates reach a peak in July, the amount of amoebae was largest in August and ciliate abundance was much greater in the other three months than June. (3) The amount of protozoa closely related to soil physicochemical properties. The amount of flagellates were positively significantly correlated to pH (P = 0.019), ciliate quantity was positively correlated with amino nitrogen (P = 0.002) and C/N ratio (P = 0.022), and amoebae quantity was negatively correlated with nitrate nitrogen (P = 0.008) and C/N ratio (P = 0.016). The results suggested a great fluctuation of protozoa communities in the growing season affected by soil physicochemical properties. Ciliates communities showed a positive response, while flagellate and amoebae showed a negative response, to the recovery of Quercus aquifolioides forest after cutting.

Key words: Quercus aquifolioides forest, cutting, growing season, biological indicator, soil protozoan

李玲娟, 熊勤犁, 潘开文, 张林 (2015) 土壤原生动物对川滇高山栎恢复时间的响应及生长季动态. 生物多样性, 23, 793-801. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015121.

Lingjuan Li, Qinli Xiong, Kaiwen Pan, Lin Zhang (2015) The responses of soil protozoan communities to Quercus aquifolioides: recovery after cutting and growing season dynamics. Biodiversity Science, 23, 793-801. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015121.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015121

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I6/793

图/表 5

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处理 Treatment	坡度 Slope (°)	海拔 Altitude (m)	灌丛盖度 Shrub canopy coverage	灌丛高度 Shrub height (m)
原始林 Mature stand (O)	23 ± 3	3,280	0.92 ± 0.06 ^a	4.13 ± 0.27 ^a
恢复20年 20 yr second forest (T)	23 ± 3	3,265	0.84 ± 0.05 ^b	2.45 ± 0.19^b
恢复10年 10 yr second forest (N)	23 ± 3	3,270	0.76 ± 0.05 ^b	1.98 ± 0.23 ^c
恢复1年 1 yr second forest (R)	23 ± 3	3,250	0.02 ± 0.00 ^c	0.08 ± 0.03 ^d

处理 Treatment	坡度 Slope (°)	海拔 Altitude (m)	灌丛盖度 Shrub canopy coverage	灌丛高度 Shrub height (m)
原始林 Mature stand (O)	23 ± 3	3,280	0.92 ± 0.06 ^a	4.13 ± 0.27 ^a
恢复20年 20 yr second forest (T)	23 ± 3	3,265	0.84 ± 0.05 ^b	2.45 ± 0.19^b
恢复10年 10 yr second forest (N)	23 ± 3	3,270	0.76 ± 0.05 ^b	1.98 ± 0.23 ^c
恢复1年 1 yr second forest (R)	23 ± 3	3,250	0.02 ± 0.00 ^c	0.08 ± 0.03 ^d

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
土壤含水率 Soil moisture (%)	O	48.58 ± 3.70	37.38 ± 2.83	39.59 ± 2.03	52.67 ± 4.19
	T	45.26 ± 1.37	33.19 ± 2.31	37.55 ± 2.45	47.59 ± 2.48
	N	39.01 ± 4.01	33.06 ± 3.60	29.26 ± 2.76	42.12 ± 2.58
	R	39.43 ± 1.07	31.64 ± 0.58	38.16 ± 0.27	47.40 ± 0.47
pH	O	4.25 ± 4.25	4.45 ± 4.45	5.13 ± 5.13	4.92 ± 4.92
	T	4.86 ± 0.13	4.82 ± 0.13	5.08 ± 0.10	4.58 ± 0.16
	N	5.69 ± 0.29	5.33 ± 0.16	5.54 ± 0.08	5.27 ± 0.28
	R	5.03 ± 0.36	5.22 ± 0.31	6.23 ± 0.12	6.99 ± 0.16
铵态氮 Amino nitrogen (mg/kg)	O	13.09 ± 1.13	4.30 ± 0.42	9.55 ± 0.54	34.18 ± 2.96
	T	10.63 ± 1.15	13.13 ± 0.97	10.75 ± 1.16	40.75 ± 1.77
	N	3.59 ± 0.80	9.54 ± 1.14	6.91 ± 0.81	12.20 ± 1.71
	R	4.51 ± 0.11	0.23 ± 0.10	4.14 ± 0.19	4.82 ± 0.27
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg)	O	25.96 ± 1.45	3.14 ± 0.68	29.26 ± 2.62	11.91 ± 2.56
	T	31.27 ± 3.78	11.23 ± 2.94	36.21 ± 2.01	22.27 ± 4.61
	N	30.59 ± 2.40	9.05 ± 1.37	13.12 ± 2.25	43.11 ± 3.32
	R	20.06 ± 2.61	6.11 ± 1.19	33.39 ± 2.32	52.12 ± 2.11
全氮 Total N (g/kg)	O	6.08 ± 0.09	5.00 ± 0.07	4.55 ± 0.08	5.89 ± 0.11
	T	4.58 ± 0.04	4.07 ± 0.02	4.43 ± 0.03	4.50 ± 0.03
	N	3.80 ± 0.04	3.52 ± 0.05	3.87 ± 0.03	3.99 ± 0.03
	R	4.79 ± 0.02	4.78 ± 0.01	5.37 ± 0.01	5.62 ± 0.01
全碳 Total C (g/kg)	O	82.27 ± 1.65	64.99 ± 1.11	55.52 ± 1.32	78.49 ± 2.03
	T	59.33 ± 0.58	51.77 ± 0.37	56.66 ± 0.42	54.73 ± 0.27
	N	42.44 ± 0.55	40.11 ± 0.75	43.27 ± 0.45	42.82 ± 0.51
	R	39.88 ± 0.17	40.95 ± 0.08	44.06 ± 0.06	49.79 ± 0.09
碳氮比 C/N ratio	O	13.23 ± 0.80	12.78 ± 0.52	12.50 ± 2.28	12.88 ± 0.79
	T	12.94 ± 0.20	12.71 ± 0.42	12.77 ± 0.33	12.18 ± 0.36
	N	11.10 ± 0.24	11.15 ± 0.63	11.12 ± 0.28	10.64 ± 0.74
	R	8.32 ± 0.03	8.58 ± 0.09	8.21 ± 0.11	8.86 ± 0.08
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	O	11.78 ± 1.03	13.58 ± 1.07	11.75 ± 1.37	9.64 ± 1.22
	T	11.57 ± 1.10	13.46 ± 1.14	11.88 ± 1.39	9.76 ± 1.18
	N	11.85 ± 1.11	13.68 ± 1.15	11.69 ± 1.39	9.59 ± 1.19
	R	12.15 ± 1.13	14.67 ± 1.21	12.83 ±1.35	10.55 ± 1.44
磷脂脂肪酸表征的微生物生物量	O	12.87 ± 2.95	9.87 ± 0.73	7.60 ± 0.83	5.14 ± 0.32
Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)	T	4.46 ± 0.63	9.08 ± 1.28	5.18 ± 0.56	5.04 ± 0.55
(nmol/g)	N	9.75 ± 2.04	12.50 ± 1.30	4.84 ± 1.02	3.70 ± 0.49
	R	8.44 ± 0.40	8.35 ± 1.15	9.55 ± 1.45	4.78 ± 0.44

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
土壤含水率 Soil moisture (%)	O	48.58 ± 3.70	37.38 ± 2.83	39.59 ± 2.03	52.67 ± 4.19
	T	45.26 ± 1.37	33.19 ± 2.31	37.55 ± 2.45	47.59 ± 2.48
	N	39.01 ± 4.01	33.06 ± 3.60	29.26 ± 2.76	42.12 ± 2.58
	R	39.43 ± 1.07	31.64 ± 0.58	38.16 ± 0.27	47.40 ± 0.47
pH	O	4.25 ± 4.25	4.45 ± 4.45	5.13 ± 5.13	4.92 ± 4.92
	T	4.86 ± 0.13	4.82 ± 0.13	5.08 ± 0.10	4.58 ± 0.16
	N	5.69 ± 0.29	5.33 ± 0.16	5.54 ± 0.08	5.27 ± 0.28
	R	5.03 ± 0.36	5.22 ± 0.31	6.23 ± 0.12	6.99 ± 0.16
铵态氮 Amino nitrogen (mg/kg)	O	13.09 ± 1.13	4.30 ± 0.42	9.55 ± 0.54	34.18 ± 2.96
	T	10.63 ± 1.15	13.13 ± 0.97	10.75 ± 1.16	40.75 ± 1.77
	N	3.59 ± 0.80	9.54 ± 1.14	6.91 ± 0.81	12.20 ± 1.71
	R	4.51 ± 0.11	0.23 ± 0.10	4.14 ± 0.19	4.82 ± 0.27
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg)	O	25.96 ± 1.45	3.14 ± 0.68	29.26 ± 2.62	11.91 ± 2.56
	T	31.27 ± 3.78	11.23 ± 2.94	36.21 ± 2.01	22.27 ± 4.61
	N	30.59 ± 2.40	9.05 ± 1.37	13.12 ± 2.25	43.11 ± 3.32
	R	20.06 ± 2.61	6.11 ± 1.19	33.39 ± 2.32	52.12 ± 2.11
全氮 Total N (g/kg)	O	6.08 ± 0.09	5.00 ± 0.07	4.55 ± 0.08	5.89 ± 0.11
	T	4.58 ± 0.04	4.07 ± 0.02	4.43 ± 0.03	4.50 ± 0.03
	N	3.80 ± 0.04	3.52 ± 0.05	3.87 ± 0.03	3.99 ± 0.03
	R	4.79 ± 0.02	4.78 ± 0.01	5.37 ± 0.01	5.62 ± 0.01
全碳 Total C (g/kg)	O	82.27 ± 1.65	64.99 ± 1.11	55.52 ± 1.32	78.49 ± 2.03
	T	59.33 ± 0.58	51.77 ± 0.37	56.66 ± 0.42	54.73 ± 0.27
	N	42.44 ± 0.55	40.11 ± 0.75	43.27 ± 0.45	42.82 ± 0.51
	R	39.88 ± 0.17	40.95 ± 0.08	44.06 ± 0.06	49.79 ± 0.09
碳氮比 C/N ratio	O	13.23 ± 0.80	12.78 ± 0.52	12.50 ± 2.28	12.88 ± 0.79
	T	12.94 ± 0.20	12.71 ± 0.42	12.77 ± 0.33	12.18 ± 0.36
	N	11.10 ± 0.24	11.15 ± 0.63	11.12 ± 0.28	10.64 ± 0.74
	R	8.32 ± 0.03	8.58 ± 0.09	8.21 ± 0.11	8.86 ± 0.08
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	O	11.78 ± 1.03	13.58 ± 1.07	11.75 ± 1.37	9.64 ± 1.22
	T	11.57 ± 1.10	13.46 ± 1.14	11.88 ± 1.39	9.76 ± 1.18
	N	11.85 ± 1.11	13.68 ± 1.15	11.69 ± 1.39	9.59 ± 1.19
	R	12.15 ± 1.13	14.67 ± 1.21	12.83 ±1.35	10.55 ± 1.44
磷脂脂肪酸表征的微生物生物量	O	12.87 ± 2.95	9.87 ± 0.73	7.60 ± 0.83	5.14 ± 0.32
Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)	T	4.46 ± 0.63	9.08 ± 1.28	5.18 ± 0.56	5.04 ± 0.55
(nmol/g)	N	9.75 ± 2.04	12.50 ± 1.30	4.84 ± 1.02	3.70 ± 0.49
	R	8.44 ± 0.40	8.35 ± 1.15	9.55 ± 1.45	4.78 ± 0.44

指标 Index	处理 Treatment		月份 Month		处理×月份 Treatment × Month
指标 Index	F	P	F	P	F	P
含水率 Soil moisture	4.267	0.029	6.186	0.029	0.686	0.578
pH值	25.600	0.000	40.044	0.000	34.024	0.000
铵态氮 Amino nitrogen	959.806	0.000	261.049	0.000	45.771	0.000
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen	1,337.074	0.000	20.403	0.001	14.887	0.000
全氮 Total N	437.802	0.000	3.700	0.020	1.711	0.122
全碳 Total C	214.283	0.000	0.017	0.898	0.659	0.593
碳氮比 C/N ratio	28.127	0.000	0.555	0.471	0.362	0.781
土壤温度 Soil temperature	8.174	0.000	94.545	0.000	0.404	0.751

土壤原生动物对川滇高山栎恢复时间的响应及生长季动态

The responses of soil protozoan communities to Quercus aquifolioides: recovery after cutting and growing season dynamics

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	土壤含水率 Soil moisture	pH	铵态氮 Amino nitrogen	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen	全氮 Total N	全碳 Total C	碳氮比 C/N ratio	鞭毛虫 Flagellates	纤毛虫 Ciliates	肉足虫 Amoebas
pH	-0.040
铵态氮 Amino nitrogen	0.465**	-0.341**
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen	0.401**	0.481**	-0.107
全氮 Total N	0.387**	0.124	0.149	0.127
全碳 Total C	0.389**	-0.196	0.349**	-0.015	0.834**
碳氮比 C/N ratio	0.249*	-0.482**	0.394**	-0.114	0.130	0.639**
鞭毛虫 Flagellates	-0.304*	0.293*	-0.172	0.001	-0.027	-0.154	-0.218
纤毛虫 Ciliates	0.057	-0.113	0.388**	-0.125	0.127	0.271*	0.286*	-0.040
肉足虫 Amoebas	-0.405**	0.084	-0.229	-0.328**	-0.026	-0.183	-0.300*	0.145	-0.103
原生动物 Protozoa	-0.472**	0.193	-0.253*	-0.281*	-0.029	-0.211	-0.337*	0.554*	-0.067	0.904*

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