北京近郊深土层动物群落结构特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2018027

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 248-257. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018027

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

北京近郊深土层动物群落结构特征

莫畏^1,², 王志良², 李猷², 郭建军^1,^2,^*(), 张润志^2,^3,^*()

1 (贵州大学昆虫研究所, 贵阳 550025)
2 (中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100101)
3 (中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)

收稿日期:2018-01-29 接受日期:2018-03-23 出版日期:2018-03-20 发布日期:2018-05-05
通讯作者: 郭建军,张润志
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31572312)

Faunal communities of deep soil layers in suburban Beijing

Wei Mo^1,², Zhiliang Wang², You Li², Jianjun Guo^1,^2,^*(), Runzhi Zhang^2,^3,^*()

1 Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025
2 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2018-01-29 Accepted:2018-03-23 Online:2018-03-20 Published:2018-05-05
Contact: Guo Jianjun,Zhang Runzhi
About author:# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解城市近郊深层土壤中动物群落结构组成, 2012年在北京市北四环和北五环之间的中国科学院奥运村科技园区埋设陷阱收集器, 对地下30 cm和55 cm土层活动的动物进行采样。2013-2017年8次调查共捕获动物3门10纲20目10,163头, 优势类群分别是膜翅目(61.0%)、蜱螨目(12.1%)和弹尾目(11.2%)。30 cm土层动物类群数和个体数均高于55 cm, 30 cm土层优势类群为膜翅目(69.4%), 55 cm土层优势类群除膜翅目(45.7%)外还有蜱螨目(21.8%)和弹尾目(16.4%)。夏秋季动物个体数和类群数高于冬春季, 环节动物门仅出现于冬春季, 而缨翅目、啮虫目和革翅目仅出现于夏秋季。不同绿化带类型间动物群落Jaccard相似性指数均高于0.75, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均不存在显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结果表明: 深层土壤中存在着大量的动物类群, 动物个体数和类群数均随土层加深而减少。不同季节人工绿地土壤中动物结构存在差异, 而不同植被类型下动物群落组成高度相似。

关键词: 土壤动物, 群落结构, 土壤深层, 多样性, 人工绿地

Abstract

In order to reveal composition of faunal communities in deep soil, we investigated soil at 30 and 55 cm at the Olympic Campus of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in a suburb of Beijing using trap collectors. A total of 10,163 individuals representing 20 orders belonging to ten classes and three phyla were captured in eight surveys carried out over five years. The dominant groups were Hymenoptera (61.0%), Acarina (12.1%) and Collembola (11.2%). The individuals and groups in the 30 cm soil layer were greater than at 55 cm. The dominant group of the 30 cm soil layer was Hymenoptera (69.4%) while at 55 cm, Hymenoptera (45.7%), Acarina (21.8%) and Collembola (16.4%) were all dominant. The number of individuals and groups recorded from April to October was greater than October to April of the next year. Annelida appeared only between October to April of the next year, while Thysanoptera, Psocoptera, Dermaptera appeared only between April to October. The lowest Jaccard value of soil faunal communities in different vegetation forms was 0.75. None of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index showed significant differences between different vegetation types (P > 0.05). The results showed that there were abundant soil faunal communities in deep soil. The number of individuals and groups decreased with increasing soil depth. Soil faunal community structure was different in different seasons and the composition was highly similar between different vegetation types.

Key words: soil animal, community structure, deep soil, diversity, treelawn

莫畏, 王志良, 李猷, 郭建军, 张润志 (2018) 北京近郊深土层动物群落结构特征. 生物多样性, 26, 248-257. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018027.

Wei Mo, Zhiliang Wang, You Li, Jianjun Guo, Runzhi Zhang (2018) Faunal communities of deep soil layers in suburban Beijing. Biodiversity Science, 26, 248-257. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018027.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018027

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I3/248

图/表 6

参考文献 33

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	夏秋季 April to October			冬春季 October to April of the next year
	个体数 Individuals	%	优势度 Dominance	个体数 Individuals	%	优势度 Dominance
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	3,719	69.7	+++	1,413	48.7	+++
同翅目 Homoptera	142	2.7	++	114	3.9	++
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	77	1.4	++	83	2.9	++
双翅目 Diptera	154	2.9	++	146	5	++
半翅目 Hemiptera	4	0.1	+	2	0.1	+
直翅目 Orthoptera	38	0.7	+	2	0.1	+
缨翅目 Thysanoptera	2	0	+
啮虫目 Psocoptera	1	0	+
革翅目 Dermaptera	2	0	+
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	74	1.4	++	32	1.1	++
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha	7	0.1	+	17	0.6	+
蜱螨目 Acarina	572	10.7	+++	406	14	+++
蜘蛛目 Araneae	42	0.8	+	24	0.8	+
带马陆目 Polydesmida	15	0.3	+	10	0.3	+
弹尾目 Collembola	264	4.9	++	548	18.9	+++
双尾目 Diplura	73	1.4	++	37	1.3	++
等足目 Isopoda	93	1.7	++	51	1.8	++
综合目 Symphyla	16	0.3	+	1	0	+
柄眼目 Stylommatophora	43	0.8	+	12	0.4	+
后孔寡毛目 Opisthopora				1	0	+
总数 Total	5,338			2,899

	夏秋季 April to October			冬春季 October to April of the next year
	个体数 Individuals	%	优势度 Dominance	个体数 Individuals	%	优势度 Dominance
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	3,719	69.7	+++	1,413	48.7	+++
同翅目 Homoptera	142	2.7	++	114	3.9	++
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	77	1.4	++	83	2.9	++
双翅目 Diptera	154	2.9	++	146	5	++
半翅目 Hemiptera	4	0.1	+	2	0.1	+
直翅目 Orthoptera	38	0.7	+	2	0.1	+
缨翅目 Thysanoptera	2	0	+
啮虫目 Psocoptera	1	0	+
革翅目 Dermaptera	2	0	+
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	74	1.4	++	32	1.1	++
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha	7	0.1	+	17	0.6	+
蜱螨目 Acarina	572	10.7	+++	406	14	+++
蜘蛛目 Araneae	42	0.8	+	24	0.8	+
带马陆目 Polydesmida	15	0.3	+	10	0.3	+
弹尾目 Collembola	264	4.9	++	548	18.9	+++
双尾目 Diplura	73	1.4	++	37	1.3	++
等足目 Isopoda	93	1.7	++	51	1.8	++
综合目 Symphyla	16	0.3	+	1	0	+
柄眼目 Stylommatophora	43	0.8	+	12	0.4	+
后孔寡毛目 Opisthopora				1	0	+
总数 Total	5,338			2,899

类群 Group	草本型 Lawn			灌木型 Shrubbery			乔木型 Arboreal forest			混合型 Mixed forest			食性 Feeding habit
类群 Group	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	食性 Feeding habit
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	778	49.1	+++	1,397	49.7	+++	1,732	66.3	+++	2,288	72.5	+++	O
同翅目 Homoptera	67	4.2	++	129	4.6	++	113	4.3	++	9	0.3	+	O
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	52	3.3	++	60	2.1	++	69	2.6	++	30	1	++	Pr
双翅目 Diptera	24	1.5	++	55	2	++	210	8	++	30	1	++	S
半翅目 Hemiptera	2	0.1	+	2	0.1	+				2	0.1	+	Ph
直翅目 Orthoptera	4	0.3	+	3	0.1	+	16	0.6	+	17	0.5	+	Ph
缨翅目 Thysanoptera										2	0.1	+	Ph
啮虫目 Psocoptera	1	0.1	+										Ph
革翅目 Dermaptera							2	0.1	+				O
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	29	1.8	++	65	2.3	++	26	1	++	19	0.6	+	Pr
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha	7	0.4	+	24	0.9	+	3	0.1	+	5	0.2	+	Pr
蜱螨目 Acarina	230	14.5	+++	511	18.2	+++	138	5.3	++	347	11	+++	O
蜘蛛目 Araneae	6	0.4	+	38	1.4	++	27	1	++	10	0.3	+	Pr
带马陆目 Polydesmida	2	0.1	+	14	0.5	+	13	0.5	+	5	0.2	+	Ph
弹尾目 Collembola	283	17.9	+++	282	10	+++	235	9	++	337	10.7	+++	O
双尾目 Diplura	44	2.8	++	83	3	++	15	0.6	+	15	0.5	+	D
等足目 Isopoda	25	1.6	++	100	3.6	++	5	0.2	+	14	0.4	+	S
综合目 Symphyla	16	1	++	4	0.1	+	5	0.2	+	8	0.3	+	Pr
柄眼目 Stylommatophora	13	0.8	+	45	1.6	++	4	0.2	+	14	0.4	+	Ph
后孔寡毛目 Opisthopora				1	0	+				2	0.1	+	S
总数 Total	1,583			2,813			2,613			3,154

类群 Group	草本型 Lawn			灌木型 Shrubbery			乔木型 Arboreal forest			混合型 Mixed forest			食性 Feeding habit
类群 Group	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	个体数 Indivi- duals	%	优势度 Domi- nance	食性 Feeding habit
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	778	49.1	+++	1,397	49.7	+++	1,732	66.3	+++	2,288	72.5	+++	O
同翅目 Homoptera	67	4.2	++	129	4.6	++	113	4.3	++	9	0.3	+	O
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	52	3.3	++	60	2.1	++	69	2.6	++	30	1	++	Pr
双翅目 Diptera	24	1.5	++	55	2	++	210	8	++	30	1	++	S
半翅目 Hemiptera	2	0.1	+	2	0.1	+				2	0.1	+	Ph
直翅目 Orthoptera	4	0.3	+	3	0.1	+	16	0.6	+	17	0.5	+	Ph
缨翅目 Thysanoptera										2	0.1	+	Ph
啮虫目 Psocoptera	1	0.1	+										Ph
革翅目 Dermaptera							2	0.1	+				O
石蜈蚣目 Lithobiomorpha	29	1.8	++	65	2.3	++	26	1	++	19	0.6	+	Pr
地蜈蚣目 Geophilomorpha	7	0.4	+	24	0.9	+	3	0.1	+	5	0.2	+	Pr
蜱螨目 Acarina	230	14.5	+++	511	18.2	+++	138	5.3	++	347	11	+++	O
蜘蛛目 Araneae	6	0.4	+	38	1.4	++	27	1	++	10	0.3	+	Pr
带马陆目 Polydesmida	2	0.1	+	14	0.5	+	13	0.5	+	5	0.2	+	Ph
弹尾目 Collembola	283	17.9	+++	282	10	+++	235	9	++	337	10.7	+++	O
双尾目 Diplura	44	2.8	++	83	3	++	15	0.6	+	15	0.5	+	D
等足目 Isopoda	25	1.6	++	100	3.6	++	5	0.2	+	14	0.4	+	S
综合目 Symphyla	16	1	++	4	0.1	+	5	0.2	+	8	0.3	+	Pr
柄眼目 Stylommatophora	13	0.8	+	45	1.6	++	4	0.2	+	14	0.4	+	Ph
后孔寡毛目 Opisthopora				1	0	+				2	0.1	+	S
总数 Total	1,583			2,813			2,613			3,154

绿化带类型 Treelawn	灌木型 Shrubbery	乔木型 Arboreal forest	混合型 Mixed forest
草本型 Lawn	0.79	0.83	0.75
灌木型 Shrubbery		0.83	0.75
乔木型 Arboreal forest			0.79

北京近郊深土层动物群落结构特征

Faunal communities of deep soil layers in suburban Beijing

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