生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (11): 1192-1201. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017149
王健铭1, 王文娟1, 李景文1,*(), 冯益明2, 吴波2, 卢琦2
收稿日期:
2017-05-18
接受日期:
2017-11-20
出版日期:
2017-11-20
发布日期:
2017-11-20
通讯作者:
李景文
基金资助:
Jianming Wang1, Wenjuan Wang1, Jingwen Li1,*(), Yiming Feng2, Bo Wu2, Qi Lu2
Received:
2017-05-18
Accepted:
2017-11-20
Online:
2017-11-20
Published:
2017-11-20
Contact:
Li Jingwen
摘要:
土地荒漠化是中国西北地区的主要生态问题之一, 荒漠生态系统极易受到气候与土地利用类型变化的影响。然而受恶劣的自然环境与交通条件影响, 目前我国西北荒漠区植物多样性格局及其维持机理的系统研究还很缺乏。本文通过对中国西北荒漠区195个植物群落样方进行调查, 并结合气候与空间变量数据, 探讨了西北荒漠区植物物种丰富度的分布格局及其主导因素。研究结果表明: (1)本次调查共记录植物363种, 分属38科153属, 植物物种丰富度存在显著的经纬度分布格局, 随着经度或纬度的升高呈现出先下降后增加的变化趋势; (2)水分、能量及空间变量均对植物物种丰富度有着显著的独立作用; (3)水分、能量与空间变量解释了植物物种丰富度65.36%的变异, 三者的共同解释率高达48.08%, 且水分与能量一起解释的变异更多。以上结果表明, 西北荒漠区的植物物种丰富度格局由生态位分化与中性过程以及其他未知因素共同控制, 其中生态位分化的贡献可能更大。而研究中未考虑的土壤、地形、人为干扰等因素也很可能对西北荒漠区植物物种丰富度存在非常重要的影响。
王健铭, 王文娟, 李景文, 冯益明, 吴波, 卢琦 (2017) 中国西北荒漠区植物物种丰富度分布格局及其环境解释. 生物多样性, 25, 1192-1201. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017149.
Jianming Wang, Wenjuan Wang, Jingwen Li, Yiming Feng, Bo Wu, Qi Lu (2017) Biogeographic patterns and environmental interpretation of plant species richness in desert regions of Northwest China. Biodiversity Science, 25, 1192-1201. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017149.
最大值 Max | 平均值 Mean | 最小值 Min | 标准误差 SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
物种丰富度 Species richness | 19 | 7.69 | 1 | 3.56 |
地理因素 Geographic variables | ||||
海拔 Altitude (m) | 2,870 | 1,268 | 216 | 442.76 |
经度 Longitude (E) | 111.45° | 97.90° | 82.00° | 7.92 |
纬度 Latitude (N) | 47.56° | 41.80° | 36.70° | 2.50 |
气候因素 Climatic factors | ||||
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP, mm) | 261 | 107.66 | 15 | 65.27 |
年均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT, °C) | 12.10 | 6.80 | 2.10 | 2.10 |
潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm) | 1,349 | 1,034.10 | 831 | 118.42 |
实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration (AET, mm) | 238 | 103.08 | 16 | 57.69 |
湿润指数 Moisture index (MI) | -69.29 | -88.93 | -98.89 | 7.37 |
最热月均温 Mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWM, °C) | 27.80 | 22.92 | 14.70 | 2.27 |
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCM, °C) | -6.8 | -11.71 | -18.7 | 2.57 |
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (MDR, °C) | 16.50 | 13.94 | 11.00 | 1.39 |
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (ART, °C) | 53.60 | 48.10 | 41.50 | 2.39 |
表1 中国西北荒漠区植物物种丰富度与环境变量描述性统计
Table 1 Descriptive statistics for plant species richness in desert of Northwest China and environmental variables used in the study
最大值 Max | 平均值 Mean | 最小值 Min | 标准误差 SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
物种丰富度 Species richness | 19 | 7.69 | 1 | 3.56 |
地理因素 Geographic variables | ||||
海拔 Altitude (m) | 2,870 | 1,268 | 216 | 442.76 |
经度 Longitude (E) | 111.45° | 97.90° | 82.00° | 7.92 |
纬度 Latitude (N) | 47.56° | 41.80° | 36.70° | 2.50 |
气候因素 Climatic factors | ||||
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP, mm) | 261 | 107.66 | 15 | 65.27 |
年均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT, °C) | 12.10 | 6.80 | 2.10 | 2.10 |
潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm) | 1,349 | 1,034.10 | 831 | 118.42 |
实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration (AET, mm) | 238 | 103.08 | 16 | 57.69 |
湿润指数 Moisture index (MI) | -69.29 | -88.93 | -98.89 | 7.37 |
最热月均温 Mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWM, °C) | 27.80 | 22.92 | 14.70 | 2.27 |
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCM, °C) | -6.8 | -11.71 | -18.7 | 2.57 |
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (MDR, °C) | 16.50 | 13.94 | 11.00 | 1.39 |
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (ART, °C) | 53.60 | 48.10 | 41.50 | 2.39 |
经度 Longitude | 纬度 Latitude | 海拔 Altitude | |
---|---|---|---|
水分因子 Water factors | |||
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP, mm) | 0.392 (US)*** | 0.167 (US)** | 0.022 (HS)* |
实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration (AET, mm) | 0.383 (US)*** | 0.260 (US)*** | 0.038 (HS)* |
湿润指数 Moisture index (MI) | 0.387 (US)*** | 0.304 (US)*** | 0.037 (HS)* |
能量因子 Energy factors | |||
年均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT, °C) | 0.098 (HS)*** | 0.269 (-)*** | 0.073 (-)*** |
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (MDR, °C) | 0.337 (HS)** | 0.338 (-)*** | 0.067 (+)** |
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (ART, °C) | 0.198 (+)*** | 0.406 (-)*** | |
潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm) | 0.157 (HS)*** | 0.363 (-)*** | |
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCM, °C) | 0.226 (HS)*** | 0.672 (-)*** | 0.044 (HS)** |
最热月均温 Mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWM, °C) | 0.081 (HS)** | 0.092 (HS)*** | 0.323(-)*** |
表2 中国西北荒漠区水分、能量因子与地理因子的相关性分析
Table 2 Relationship between geographical factors and water, energy factors in desert of Northwest China
经度 Longitude | 纬度 Latitude | 海拔 Altitude | |
---|---|---|---|
水分因子 Water factors | |||
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP, mm) | 0.392 (US)*** | 0.167 (US)** | 0.022 (HS)* |
实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration (AET, mm) | 0.383 (US)*** | 0.260 (US)*** | 0.038 (HS)* |
湿润指数 Moisture index (MI) | 0.387 (US)*** | 0.304 (US)*** | 0.037 (HS)* |
能量因子 Energy factors | |||
年均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT, °C) | 0.098 (HS)*** | 0.269 (-)*** | 0.073 (-)*** |
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (MDR, °C) | 0.337 (HS)** | 0.338 (-)*** | 0.067 (+)** |
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (ART, °C) | 0.198 (+)*** | 0.406 (-)*** | |
潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm) | 0.157 (HS)*** | 0.363 (-)*** | |
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCM, °C) | 0.226 (HS)*** | 0.672 (-)*** | 0.044 (HS)** |
最热月均温 Mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWM, °C) | 0.081 (HS)** | 0.092 (HS)*** | 0.323(-)*** |
图4 能量和水分因子对中国西北荒漠区物种丰富度格局的解释。*** P <0.001; ** P <0.01; a为能量因子单独解释率; b为能量因子与水分因子共同解释率; c为水分因子单独解释率; d为未解释部分。
Fig. 4 The explanation of energy and water factors to species richness patterns in desert of Northwest China. a is the independent component attributed to water factors; b is the co-varying component of energy factors and water factors; c is the independent component attributed to energy factors; d is unexplained.
图5 水分、能量与空间变量对中国西北荒漠区植物物种丰富度的解释。*** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05。
Fig. 5 The explanation of water, energy and spatial factors to species richness patterns in desert of Northwest China. *** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05.
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