中国西北荒漠区植物物种丰富度分布格局及其环境解释

doi:10.17520/biods.2017149

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土地荒漠化是中国西北地区的主要生态问题之一, 荒漠生态系统极易受到气候与土地利用类型变化的影响。然而受恶劣的自然环境与交通条件影响, 目前我国西北荒漠区植物多样性格局及其维持机理的系统研究还很缺乏。本文通过对中国西北荒漠区195个植物群落样方进行调查, 并结合气候与空间变量数据, 探讨了西北荒漠区植物物种丰富度的分布格局及其主导因素。研究结果表明: (1)本次调查共记录植物363种, 分属38科153属, 植物物种丰富度存在显著的经纬度分布格局, 随着经度或纬度的升高呈现出先下降后增加的变化趋势; (2)水分、能量及空间变量均对植物物种丰富度有着显著的独立作用; (3)水分、能量与空间变量解释了植物物种丰富度65.36%的变异, 三者的共同解释率高达48.08%, 且水分与能量一起解释的变异更多。以上结果表明, 西北荒漠区的植物物种丰富度格局由生态位分化与中性过程以及其他未知因素共同控制, 其中生态位分化的贡献可能更大。而研究中未考虑的土壤、地形、人为干扰等因素也很可能对西北荒漠区植物物种丰富度存在非常重要的影响。

关键词: 荒漠区, 物种丰富度, 空间变量, 水分, 能量, 生态位, 中性过程

Abstract

Desertification poses an important ecological problem in Northwest China as desert ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climatic and land-use changes. Due to the harsh environment and poor accessibility, systematic studies of plant diversity in the desert region of Northwest China remain elusive. Here, we explored the geographic patterns of species richness and determinants in the desert regions of Northwest China based on species richness and spatial and climatic factors of 195 field plots. Results showed that a total of 363 species were recorded, belonging to 38 families and 153 genera. Species richness exhibited significant longitudinal and latitudinal gradients, which were quadratically correlated with longitude and latitude. Species richness was strongly influenced by spatial, water, and energy factors. These factors explained 65.36% of the variation in species richness, while 48.08% was simultaneously explained by the three groups of factors. Furthermore, the water and energy factors together explained more variation than that of spatial factors. These results indicate that the patterns of species richness were determined by niche, neutral, and other unknown processes together, and suggest that environmental factors play an important role. We highlight that unmeasured factors including soil, topography, and human disturbances may greatly affect plant species richness in the desert regions of Northwest China.

Key words: desert, species richness, spatial variables, water, energy, niche, neutral processes

王健铭, 王文娟, 李景文, 冯益明, 吴波, 卢琦 (2017) 中国西北荒漠区植物物种丰富度分布格局及其环境解释. 生物多样性, 25, 1192-1201. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017149.

Jianming Wang, Wenjuan Wang, Jingwen Li, Yiming Feng, Bo Wu, Qi Lu (2017) Biogeographic patterns and environmental interpretation of plant species richness in desert regions of Northwest China. Biodiversity Science, 25, 1192-1201. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017149.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2017149

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2017/V25/I11/1192

图/表 7

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	最大值 Max	平均值 Mean	最小值 Min	标准误差 SD
物种丰富度 Species richness	19	7.69	1	3.56
地理因素 Geographic variables
海拔 Altitude (m)	2,870	1,268	216	442.76
经度 Longitude (E)	111.45°	97.90°	82.00°	7.92
纬度 Latitude (N)	47.56°	41.80°	36.70°	2.50
气候因素 Climatic factors
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP, mm)	261	107.66	15	65.27
年均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT, °C)	12.10	6.80	2.10	2.10
潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm)	1,349	1,034.10	831	118.42
实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration (AET, mm)	238	103.08	16	57.69
湿润指数 Moisture index (MI)	-69.29	-88.93	-98.89	7.37
最热月均温 Mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWM, °C)	27.80	22.92	14.70	2.27
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCM, °C)	-6.8	-11.71	-18.7	2.57
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (MDR, °C)	16.50	13.94	11.00	1.39
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (ART, °C)	53.60	48.10	41.50	2.39

	最大值 Max	平均值 Mean	最小值 Min	标准误差 SD
物种丰富度 Species richness	19	7.69	1	3.56
地理因素 Geographic variables
海拔 Altitude (m)	2,870	1,268	216	442.76
经度 Longitude (E)	111.45°	97.90°	82.00°	7.92
纬度 Latitude (N)	47.56°	41.80°	36.70°	2.50
气候因素 Climatic factors
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP, mm)	261	107.66	15	65.27
年均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT, °C)	12.10	6.80	2.10	2.10
潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm)	1,349	1,034.10	831	118.42
实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration (AET, mm)	238	103.08	16	57.69
湿润指数 Moisture index (MI)	-69.29	-88.93	-98.89	7.37
最热月均温 Mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWM, °C)	27.80	22.92	14.70	2.27
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCM, °C)	-6.8	-11.71	-18.7	2.57
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (MDR, °C)	16.50	13.94	11.00	1.39
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (ART, °C)	53.60	48.10	41.50	2.39

	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude
水分因子 Water factors
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP, mm)	0.392 (US)^***	0.167 (US)^**	0.022 (HS)^*
实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration (AET, mm)	0.383 (US)^***	0.260 (US)^*	0.038 (HS)^*
湿润指数 Moisture index (MI)	0.387 (US)^***	0.304 (US)^***	0.037 (HS)^*
能量因子 Energy factors
年均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT, °C)	0.098 (HS)^***	0.269 (-)^***	0.073 (-)^***
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (MDR, °C)	0.337 (HS)^**	0.338 (-)^***	0.067 (+)^**
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (ART, °C)		0.198 (+)^***	0.406 (-)^***
潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm)	0.157 (HS)^***	0.363 (-)^***
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCM, °C)	0.226 (HS)^***	0.672 (-)^***	0.044 (HS)^**
最热月均温 Mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWM, °C)	0.081 (HS)^**	0.092 (HS)^***	0.323(-)^***

	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	海拔 Altitude
水分因子 Water factors
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP, mm)	0.392 (US)^***	0.167 (US)^**	0.022 (HS)^*
实际蒸散量 Actual evapotranspiration (AET, mm)	0.383 (US)^***	0.260 (US)^*	0.038 (HS)^*
湿润指数 Moisture index (MI)	0.387 (US)^***	0.304 (US)^***	0.037 (HS)^*
能量因子 Energy factors
年均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT, °C)	0.098 (HS)^***	0.269 (-)^***	0.073 (-)^***
气温日较差 Mean diurnal range (MDR, °C)	0.337 (HS)^**	0.338 (-)^***	0.067 (+)^**
气温年较差 Temperature annual range (ART, °C)		0.198 (+)^***	0.406 (-)^***
潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (PET, mm)	0.157 (HS)^***	0.363 (-)^***
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCM, °C)	0.226 (HS)^***	0.672 (-)^***	0.044 (HS)^**
最热月均温 Mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWM, °C)	0.081 (HS)^**	0.092 (HS)^***	0.323(-)^***