浙江九龙山中山常绿阔叶林30 ha动态监测样地物种组成和群落结构

doi:10.17520/biods.2026022

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 26022. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026022 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2026022

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

浙江九龙山中山常绿阔叶林30 ha动态监测样地物种组成和群落结构

孔旗威¹^,⁴, 王云泉¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 余水生², 毛志斌¹, 刘菊莲², 卞玉宣³, 廖建伟², 刘立斌¹^,²^,³, 周文婕¹, 巫东豪¹, 陈建华³, 杨冬梅³, 倪健³, 于明坚¹^,³^,⁴^,^*()

¹ 浙江大学生命科学学院, 杭州 310058
² 浙江九龙山国家级自然保护区管理中心, 浙江遂昌 323300
³ 浙江师范大学生命科学学院, 浙江金华 321004
⁴ 浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院, 杭州 311300

收稿日期:2026-01-21 接受日期:2026-04-22 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-09-21
通讯作者: 王云泉,于明坚
基金资助:
浙江省“尖兵” “领雁”研发攻关计划(2023C03137);中央财政林业草原生态保护恢复资金(浙财资环〔2022〕78号)

Species composition and community structure of the 30-ha mid-montane evergreen broadleaf forest dynamics plot in Jiulongshan, Zhejiang, eastern China

Qiwei Kong¹^,⁴, Yunquan Wang¹^,²^,³^,^*(), Shuisheng Yu², Zhibin Mao¹, Julian Liu², Yuxuan Bian³, Jianwei Liao², Libin Liu¹^,²^,³, Wenjie Zhou¹, Donghao Wu¹, Jianhua Chen³, Dongmei Yang³, Jian Ni³, Mingjian Yu¹^,³^,⁴^,^*()

¹ College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
² Administration Center of Zhejiang Jiulongshan National Nature Reserve, Suichang, Zhejiang 323300, China
³ College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
⁴ College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China

Received:2026-01-21 Accepted:2026-04-22 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-09-21
Contact: Yunquan Wang, Mingjian Yu
Supported by:
“Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(2023C03137);Central Fiscal Forestry and Grassland Ecological Protection and Restoration Fund([2022] 78?)?

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

浙江九龙山国家级自然保护区中山地带保存着我国中亚热带地区罕见的大面积原生常绿阔叶林, 其群落结构完整, 具有极高的典型性与代表性, 是研究中山地带森林群落组成与结构的理想区域。依据中国森林生物多样性监测网络(CForBio)标准, 我们在该区域建立了一个面积30 ha的森林动态监测样地, 系统调查了样地内胸径 ≥ 1 cm的木本植物, 分析了其物种组成、群落结构、植被类型和生境类型等特征。结果表明, 样地内共记录木本植物179,533株, 隶属49科96属201种, 其中杜鹃花科、山茶科和壳斗科为优势科。样地内有21个物种的重要值 ≥ 1%, 其中猴头杜鹃(Rhododendron simiarum)、木荷(Schima superba)和麂角杜鹃(R. latoucheae)位列前三。常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶和针叶树种的重要值分别为69.5%、21.8%和8.8%, 植被类型以常绿阔叶林为主, 并随着地形变化与其他植被类型呈镶嵌分布, 反映出该样地较其他低海拔亚热带样地具有明显植被过渡特征。群落平均胸径为6.8 cm, 径级结构呈典型倒“J”型, 群落更新良好。群落垂直分层明显, 乔木层以木荷、黄山松(Pinus taiwanensis)、多脉青冈(Cyclobalanopsis multinervis)和褐叶青冈(C. stewardiana)等物种占优势, 亚乔木层和灌木层则以杜鹃花科植物(猴头杜鹃、麂角杜鹃)为主, 体现出以中山地带典型分布种为主的垂直分层特征。区系组成在科级层面以热带成分为主(51.0%), 在属级层面则以温带成分为主(57.3%)。样地内稀有种比例较高(51.2%)。多元回归树将样地划分为5种生境类型, 总磷、有效钠、坡向和坡度是划分生境类型的关键环境因子。稀有种在高磷、陡坡的过渡生境分布更集中。综上所述, 九龙山30 ha森林动态监测样地较好反映了中亚热带中山原生常绿阔叶林物种丰富、结构复杂、植被组成分异明显且生境异质性强的特征, 为后续长期监测、跨区域比较及相关研究提供了数据基础与研究平台。

关键词: 中山常绿阔叶林, 浙江九龙山, 森林动态监测样地, 区系组成, 径级结构

Abstract

Aims: Mid-montane evergreen broadleaf forests constitute an important component of subtropical forest ecosystems in China, yet they remain scientifically understudied. Strikingly, the mid-montane zone of Jiulongshan National Nature Reserve contains a large and exceptionally well-preserved primary evergreen broadleaf forest that is highly representative of eastern subtropical China.
Methods: Following the protocols of the Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network (CForBio), we established a 30-ha forest dynamics plot in this region and conducted the first full census of all woody stems with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1 cm. Based on these data, we analyzed species composition, community structure, vegetation formations, and habitat differentiation.
Results: A total of 179,533 woody individuals were recorded in the plot, belonging to 201 species, 96 genera, and 49 families. Ericaceae, Theaceae, and Fagaceae were the dominant families. Twenty-one species had importance values ≥ 1%, with Rhododendron simiarum, Schima superba, and R. latoucheae as the top three dominant species. The importance values of evergreen broadleaf, deciduous broadleaf, and coniferous species were 69.5%, 21.8%, and 8.8%, respectively. Vegetation formations were dominated by evergreen broadleaf forest and showed a mosaic distribution with other vegetation types along topographic gradients, indicating stronger transitional characteristics than those of lower-elevation subtropical forests. The mean DBH of all woody individuals was 6.8 cm, and the DBH-class distribution showed a typical inverse J-shape, indicating good regeneration potential. Vertical stratification was pronounced, with the canopy layer dominated by S. superba, Pinus taiwanensis, Cyclobalanopsis multinervis, and C. stewardiana, and the sub-canopy and shrub layers dominated by Ericaceae species, especially R. simiarum and R. latoucheae, reflecting a vertical stratification pattern typical of mid-montane forests. Floristic composition exhibited a clear transitional pattern, with tropical elements dominating at the family level (51.0%) and temperate elements dominating at the genus level (57.3%). Rare species accounted for 51.2% of all species. Multivariate regression tree analysis showed that the plot could be classified into five habitat types. Total phosphorus, available sodium, aspect, and slope were identified as the key environmental factors distinguishing habitat types. Rare species were proportionally more concentrated in the transitional habitat characterized by high phosphorus and steep slopes.
Conclusion: The Jiulongshan 30-ha forest dynamics plot well reflects the characteristics of primary montane evergreen broadleaf forest in the mid-subtropics, including high species richness, complex community composition and pronounced vegetation differentiation. This plot provides baseline data and a research platform for long-term monitoring, cross-regional comparison, and related ecological studies.

Key words: mid-montane evergreen broadleaf forest, Zhejiang Jiulongshan, forest dynamics plot, floristic composition, DBH-class structure

孔旗威, 王云泉, 余水生, 毛志斌, 刘菊莲, 卞玉宣, 廖建伟, 刘立斌, 周文婕, 巫东豪, 陈建华, 杨冬梅, 倪健, 于明坚 (2026) 浙江九龙山中山常绿阔叶林30 ha动态监测样地物种组成和群落结构. 生物多样性, 34, 26022. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026022.

Qiwei Kong, Yunquan Wang, Shuisheng Yu, Zhibin Mao, Julian Liu, Yuxuan Bian, Jianwei Liao, Libin Liu, Wenjie Zhou, Donghao Wu, Jianhua Chen, Dongmei Yang, Jian Ni, Mingjian Yu (2026) Species composition and community structure of the 30-ha mid-montane evergreen broadleaf forest dynamics plot in Jiulongshan, Zhejiang, eastern China. Biodiversity Science, 34, 26022. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026022.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2026022

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I7/26022

图/表 8

参考文献 59

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科 Family	物种数 No. of species	属数 No. of genera	独立个体数 No. of individuals	重要值 IV (%)
杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	12	4	67,377	21.3
山茶科 Theaceae	12	5	48,033	17.4
壳斗科 Fagaceae	18	5	15,118	13.5
松科 Pinaceae	2	2	4,504	6.7
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	23	10	5,501	5.6
樟科 Lauraceae	14	5	11,711	4.9
冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	15	1	6,130	4.3
山矾科 Symplocaceae	12	1	4,937	3.2
山柳科 Clethraceae	1	1	5,204	1.9
槭树科 Aceraceae	7	1	1,080	1.9

科 Family	物种数 No. of species	属数 No. of genera	独立个体数 No. of individuals	重要值 IV (%)
杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	12	4	67,377	21.3
山茶科 Theaceae	12	5	48,033	17.4
壳斗科 Fagaceae	18	5	15,118	13.5
松科 Pinaceae	2	2	4,504	6.7
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	23	10	5,501	5.6
樟科 Lauraceae	14	5	11,711	4.9
冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	15	1	6,130	4.3
山矾科 Symplocaceae	12	1	4,937	3.2
山柳科 Clethraceae	1	1	5,204	1.9
槭树科 Aceraceae	7	1	1,080	1.9

物种 Species	独立个体数 No. of individuals	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²)	萌枝数 No. of sprouts	分枝数 No. of ramifications	重要值 IV (%)
猴头杜鹃 Rhododendron simiarum	27,746	7.9	180.8	3,489	15,999	11.0
木荷 Schima superba	7,683	15.2	185.0	663	512	7.4
麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	26,135	4.7	53.4	8,086	7,308	7.4
黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	4,484	22.7	204.2	11	97	7.0
多脉青冈 Cyclobalanopsis multinervis	7,830	10.4	102.1	1,844	1,562	5.4
浙江红山茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa	16,743	3.9	26.0	6,236	5,766	5.0
褐叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana	3,505	15.4	103.3	1,541	1,346	4.3
尖连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata	10,738	3.4	12.7	4,299	4,750	3.3
云和新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. paraciculata	10,260	2.4	6.2	1,530	1,480	3.2
岩柃 Eurya saxicola	9,297	4.1	14.7	4,198	2,470	3.0
华东山柳 Clethra barbinervis	5,204	7.7	28.3	1,372	446	2.6
硬斗石栎 Lithocarpus hancei	2,487	12.4	42.7	483	198	2.5
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	3,003	7.8	20.0	240	105	1.9
马醉木 Pieris japonica	3,393	4.0	6.6	1,110	1,294	1.6
映山红 Rhododendron simsii	4,472	2.1	1.8	1,374	301	1.4
秀丽槭 Acer elegantulum	1,000	12.5	17.2	40	30	1.4
榕叶冬青 Ilex ficoidea	2,113	4.9	5.8	412	260	1.4
尾叶冬青 Ilex wilsonii	1,920	3.9	3.7	211	82	1.3
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	600	24.1	32.5	45	20	1.1
阿里山山矾 Symplocos arisanensis	1,936	4.4	4.1	410	416	1.1
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	2,725	3.7	3.7	1,222	1,140	1.0

物种 Species	独立个体数 No. of individuals	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²)	萌枝数 No. of sprouts	分枝数 No. of ramifications	重要值 IV (%)
猴头杜鹃 Rhododendron simiarum	27,746	7.9	180.8	3,489	15,999	11.0
木荷 Schima superba	7,683	15.2	185.0	663	512	7.4
麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	26,135	4.7	53.4	8,086	7,308	7.4
黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	4,484	22.7	204.2	11	97	7.0
多脉青冈 Cyclobalanopsis multinervis	7,830	10.4	102.1	1,844	1,562	5.4
浙江红山茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa	16,743	3.9	26.0	6,236	5,766	5.0
褐叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana	3,505	15.4	103.3	1,541	1,346	4.3
尖连蕊茶 Camellia cuspidata	10,738	3.4	12.7	4,299	4,750	3.3
云和新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. paraciculata	10,260	2.4	6.2	1,530	1,480	3.2
岩柃 Eurya saxicola	9,297	4.1	14.7	4,198	2,470	3.0
华东山柳 Clethra barbinervis	5,204	7.7	28.3	1,372	446	2.6
硬斗石栎 Lithocarpus hancei	2,487	12.4	42.7	483	198	2.5
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri	3,003	7.8	20.0	240	105	1.9
马醉木 Pieris japonica	3,393	4.0	6.6	1,110	1,294	1.6
映山红 Rhododendron simsii	4,472	2.1	1.8	1,374	301	1.4
秀丽槭 Acer elegantulum	1,000	12.5	17.2	40	30	1.4
榕叶冬青 Ilex ficoidea	2,113	4.9	5.8	412	260	1.4
尾叶冬青 Ilex wilsonii	1,920	3.9	3.7	211	82	1.3
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	600	24.1	32.5	45	20	1.1
阿里山山矾 Symplocos arisanensis	1,936	4.4	4.1	410	416	1.1
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	2,725	3.7	3.7	1,222	1,140	1.0

分布区类型 Distribution areal types	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genera
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	7	2
2. 泛热带分布 Pantropic	13	9
3. 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia and tropical America disjuncted	6	10
4. 旧世界热带分布 Old world tropical	2	3
5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to tropical Australasia	2	4
6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to tropical Africa	1	0
7. 热带亚洲分布 Tropical Asia	1	12
热带成分小计(2-7) Subtotal of tropical elements (2-7)	25	38
8. 北温带分布 North temperate	11	22
9. 东亚和北美洲间断分布 East Asia and North America disjuncted	4	21
10. 旧世界温带 Old world temperate	0	1
11. 温带亚洲分布 Temperate Asia	0	0
12. 地中海区、西亚至中亚分布 Mediterranean, West Asia to Central Asia	0	1
13. 中亚分布 Central Asia	0	0
14. 东亚分布 East Asia	1	10
温带成分小计(8-14) Subtotal of temperate elements (8-14)	16	55
15. 中国特有分布 Endemic to China	1	1
总计 Total	49	96

浙江九龙山中山常绿阔叶林30 ha动态监测样地物种组成和群落结构

Species composition and community structure of the 30-ha mid-montane evergreen broadleaf forest dynamics plot in Jiulongshan, Zhejiang, eastern China

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