基于线粒体COI基因的黄河流域麦穗鱼种群遗传多样性与群体结构

doi:10.17520/biods.2024501

生物多样性

基于线粒体COI基因的黄河流域麦穗鱼种群遗传多样性与群体结构

周智成¹, 曹天玲¹, 刘如垚¹, 丁琪琪¹, 马轲¹, 杨丽萍¹, 周传江², 聂国兴¹, 汤永涛^1*

1. 河南师范大学水产学院, 河南新乡 453007; 2. 河南师范大学生命科学学院, 河南新乡 453007

收稿日期:2024-11-18 修回日期:2025-04-10 接受日期:2025-09-11
通讯作者: 汤永涛

Genetic diversity and population structure of Pseudorasbora parva in the Yellow River based on the mitochondrial COI gene

Zhicheng Zhou¹, Tianling Cao¹, Ruyao Liu¹, Qiqi Ding¹, Ke Ma¹, Liping Yang¹, Chuanjiang Zhou², Guoxing Nie¹, Yongtao Tang¹

1 College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China

2 College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China

Received:2024-11-18 Revised:2025-04-10 Accepted:2025-09-11
Contact: Yongtao Tang

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来, 受人类活动的影响, 黄河正面临着水土流失、水体污染以及河道生境破碎化等诸多问题。在此背景下, 黄河流域鱼类等水生生物的遗传多样性是否受到影响值得深入探讨。本研究采集了黄河流域15个样点的麦穗鱼样品, 并对其线粒体COI基因进行测序。结果显示, 153条COI基因序列中共检测出34个变异位点, 定义27个单倍型(Hap 1–27)。遗传多样性分析结果显示, 黄河麦穗鱼的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为h = 0.802 ± 0.030、π = 0.00508 ± 0.00035。与其他水系相比, 黄河麦穗鱼遗传多样性略低于海河水系, 但高于长江、珠江等南方水系。在评估黄河麦穗鱼种群遗传分化水平时, AMOVA分析显示, 黄河麦穗鱼种群遗传变异主要来自于种群内(86.38%), 组内(0.11%)和组内种群间(13.51%)的遗传变异贡献相对有限; 种群遗传距离和Mantel检验结果也表明, 黄河流域麦穗鱼种群间的遗传距离整体偏小且种群遗传距离与地理距离之间没有显著相关性。上述结果综合表明, 黄河麦穗鱼种群间尚未形成明显的遗传分化, 河道大坝对麦穗鱼种群起到的隔离作用有限。在探讨海东地区麦穗鱼入侵种群的潜在来源时, 多种分析结果对其来源的指向并不一致, 结合青海省过去的水产引种历史, 我们推测海东地区的麦穗鱼种群可能经历过多次引种且引种来源地并不唯一。贝叶斯天际线图(Bayesian skyline plot, BSP)结果显示, 在0.005–0 Ma期间, 黄河流域麦穗鱼有效种群规模逐渐缩小。该时期人类农业与工业快速发展所引发的水体污染及栖息地退化等环境问题, 可能是麦穗鱼种群下降的主要原因。

关键词: 黄河, 麦穗鱼, COI, 遗传多样性, 种群历史动态

Abstract

Aims: The Yellow River has played a crucial role in the development of Chinese civilization. However, it is now facing severe environmental challenges due to human activities, including erosion, water pollution, and the fragmentation of aquatic habitats. Under these circumstances, it is essential to investigate whether the aquatic organisms, particularly fish species, in the Yellow River basin have been affected. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of Pseudorasbora parva in the Yellow River.

Methods: In this study, we collected 153 individuals of P. parva from 15 sites across the Yellow River and sequenced their mitochondrial COI gene. Additional COI sequences from other river systems, including the Yangtze River, Pearl River, and Nujiang River, were retrieved from GenBank for comparison. Haplotype composition, haplotype diversity (h), nucleotide diversity (π), and the average number of nucleotide differences (k) were calculated. To evaluate population structure, we conducted an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) by grouping Yellow River populations into upper, middle and lower reaches based on their geographical locations. Furthermore, we also performed Mantel tests, phylogenetic analyses, and Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) modeling to examine genetic differentiation and demographic history.

Results: A total of 34 polymorphic loci and 27 haplotypes were identified among the Yellow River populations. 8 haplotypes were shared with other river systems. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of P. parva in the Yellow River were relatively high (h = 0.802 ± 0.030; π = 0.00508 ± 0.00035), suggesting a historically stable population. AMOVA results indicated that most genetic differentiation existed within populations (86.38%), with limited variation among groups (0.11%) and among populations within groups (13.51%). Genetic distances among Yellow River populations ranged from 0.000596 to 0.009539. The Mantel test revealed no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. Phylogenetic trees and haplotype networks indicated no clear geographic structure, and neutrality tests and mismatch distributions suggested no recent population expansion. BSP analysis showed that the P. parva population experienced a slow increase from 0.175–0.005 Ma, followed by a decline to the present.

Conclusion: The P. parva populations from the Yellow River exhibited relatively high genetic diversity without significant genetic differentiation, indicating ongoing gene flow. While dam construction may pose barriers to dispersal, human-mediated activities such as aquatic trade and species introduction have likely mitigated the effects of isolation. However, population declines observed in recent history may be attributed to environmental degradation and water pollution. These findings highlight the need for enhanced conservation and ecological monitoring in the Yellow River basin.

Key words: Yellow River, Pseudorasbora parva, COI, genetic diversity, population demography

周智成, 曹天玲, 刘如垚, 丁琪琪, 马轲, 杨丽萍, 周传江, 汤永涛, 聂国兴, 汤永涛. 基于线粒体COI基因的黄河流域麦穗鱼种群遗传多样性与群体结构. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024501.

Zhicheng Zhou, Tianling Cao, Ruyao Liu, Qiqi Ding, Ke Ma, Liping Yang, Chuanjiang Zhou, Guoxing Nie, Yongtao Tang. Genetic diversity and population structure of Pseudorasbora parva in the Yellow River based on the mitochondrial COI gene. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024501.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024501

[1]	范平, 温知新, 宋刚. 气候因子和人类活动对两栖及哺乳动物不同遗传多样性指标的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(8): 25022-.
[2]	薛瑞翔, 马雪蓉, 吴炯文, 刘爱君, 张细权, 季从亮, 殷颖珊, 朱炜健, 罗庆斌. 中山麻鸭群体遗传多样性与遗传结构研究[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(8): 24592-.
[3]	范平, 王欢, 温知新, 宋刚, 雷富民. 气候因子对鸟类遗传多样性与物种分布面积关系的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(8): 25072-.
[4]	时永强, 单秀娟, 赵杰, 王一诺, 栾青杉, 卞晓东, 陈云龙, 金显仕. 1958–2020年黄河口及其邻近海域浮游动物群落组成及多样性演变[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(7): 24437-.
[5]	张明燡, 王晓梅, 郑言鑫, 吴楠, 李东浩, 樊恩源, 李娜, 单秀娟, 于涛, 赵春暖, 李波, 徐帅, 吴玉萍, 任利群. 黄河口典型牡蛎礁分布区资源状况和栖息地功能[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24208-.
[6]	王嘉陈, 徐汤俊, 许唯, 张高季, 尤艺瑾, 阮宏华, 刘宏毅. 城市景观格局对大蚰蜒种群遗传结构的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(1): 24251-.
[7]	邓洪, 钟占友, 寇春妮, 朱书礼, 李跃飞, 夏雨果, 武智, 李捷, 陈蔚涛. 基于线粒体全基因组揭示斑鳠的种群遗传结构与演化历史[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(1): 24241-.
[8]	倪艳梅, 陈莉, 董志远, 孙德斌, 李宝泉, 王绪敏, 陈琳琳. 黄河三角洲湿地生态修复区大型底栖动物群落结构与生态健康评价[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(3): 23303-.
[9]	王春晓, 张正旺, 夏少霞, 段后浪, 王稳, 贾亦飞, 张立勋, 冯刚, 杨亚桥, 李桐, 丁长青, 王春平, 原宝东, 雷进宇, 刘宇, 石建斌, 兰科其, 石青青, 肖晴, 于秀波. 黄河流域水鸟多样性季节和区域特征及保护策略[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(11): 23490-.
[10]	李庆多, 栗冬梅. 全球蝙蝠巴尔通体流行状况分析[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23166-.
[11]	冯晨, 张洁, 黄宏文. 统筹植物就地保护与迁地保护的解决方案: 植物并地保护(parallel situ conservation)[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23184-.
[12]	齐海玲, 樊鹏振, 王跃华, 刘杰. 中国北方六省区胡桃的遗传多样性和群体结构[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 23120-.
[13]	董志远, 陈琳琳, 张乃鹏, 陈莉, 孙德斌, 倪艳梅, 李宝泉. 基于环境DNA宏条形码技术研究黄河三角洲典型潮沟系统鱼类多样性及其对水文连通性的响应[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 23073-.
[14]	熊飞, 刘红艳, 翟东东, 段辛斌, 田辉伍, 陈大庆. 基于基因组重测序的长江上游瓦氏黄颡鱼群体遗传结构[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(4): 22391-.
[15]	蒲佳佳, 杨平俊, 戴洋, 陶可欣, 高磊, 杜予州, 曹俊, 俞晓平, 杨倩倩. 长江下游外来生物福寿螺的种类及其种群遗传结构[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(3): 22346-.