微地形生境异质性对新疆西天山森林土壤跳虫群落分异的塑造作用

doi:10.17520/biods.2025300

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 25300. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025300 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025300

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

微地形生境异质性对新疆西天山森林土壤跳虫群落分异的塑造作用

蒋翠憶¹^,²(), 谢致敬¹^,^*()(), 田中平³^,^*()(), 李玥莹¹, 郑明心¹, 房帅⁴(), 米尔卡米力∙麦麦提⁵, 依里帆∙艾克拜尔江⁶^,⁷, 高梅香⁸(), 张健²()

¹ 东北师范大学环境学院, 长春 130117
² 中山大学生命科学学院, 广州 510275
³ 新疆师范大学生命科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830054
⁴ 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林生态与保育重点实验室(中国科学院), 沈阳 110016
⁵ 喀什大学生命与地理科学学院新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室, 新疆喀什 844000
⁶ 新疆西天山国家级自然保护区管理中心, 新疆伊宁 835000
⁷ 新疆西天山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 新疆巩留 835400
⁸ 宁波大学地理科学与遥感技术学院, 浙江宁波 315211

收稿日期:2025-07-29 接受日期:2026-02-05 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-05-27
通讯作者: 谢致敬,田中平
基金资助:
科技部基础资源调查专项(2024FY100400);国家自然科学基金(42301072)

The role of microtopography in shaping forest soil Collembola community assembly in western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang

Cuiyi Jiang¹^,²(), Zhijing Xie¹^,^*()(), Zhongping Tian³^,^*()(), Yueying Li¹, Mingxin Zheng¹, Shuai Fang⁴(), Mierkamili Maimaiti⁵, Erfan Akberjan⁶^,⁷, Meixiang Gao⁸(), Jian Zhang²()

¹ School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
² School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
³ College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
⁴ CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang 110016, China
⁵ Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Life and Geography Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, Xinjiang 844000, China
⁶ Administration Center of Xinjiang Western Tianshan National Nature Reserve, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China
⁷ Xinjiang Western Tianshan Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Gongliu, Xinjiang 835400, China
⁸ School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China

Received:2025-07-29 Accepted:2026-02-05 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-05-27
Contact: Zhijing Xie, Zhongping Tian
Supported by:
National Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2024FY100400);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42301072)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微地形是调控局域物种分布格局和群落结构的关键驱动力之一。然而, 现有研究多集中于植物和微生物, 对土壤动物的研究仍显不足。跳虫作为对环境变化响应敏感的土壤指示生物, 其群落组成和多样性特征可有效反映微环境异质性。本研究以新疆巩留野核桃自然保护区土壤跳虫为研究对象, 选取阴坡、阳坡和沟谷3类典型的微地形生境, 系统调查跳虫群落组成及其环境因子, 分析微地形对土壤跳虫群落结构和多样性的影响。研究共获得跳虫1,548头, 隶属于6科12属19种。结果表明, 不同微地形类型间土壤月均温度、总磷及郁闭度均存在显著差异。微地形类型间跳虫群落组成亦存在显著差异, 而多样性虽差异不显著但呈现一定的空间分布趋势: 阴坡跳虫多样性指数高于阳坡, 而沟谷多样性指数最低; 属水平上呈现特有分布格局, 柳跳属(Willowsia)、长角跳属(Entomobrya)和刺齿跳属(Homidia)仅分布于阴坡, 奇跳属(Xenylla)则为阳坡特有; 土壤月均温度和铵态氮是影响跳虫群落组成的主要因子; 跳虫多度与土壤月均湿度呈显著负相关, 而水热条件与土壤养分间存在紧密耦合关系。研究揭示了微地形通过“植被-微气候-土壤”的耦合效应, 塑造了异质性的微环境条件, 进而驱动了跳虫群落的地理分异。

关键词: 生境异质性, 跳虫, 温带森林, 土壤动物多样性, 微生境, 微气候

Abstract

Aims: Microtopography is a key driver regulating species distribution patterns and community structure at the local scale. However, existing studies have largely focused on plants and microorganisms, while soil fauna remain comparatively understudied. Collembola, as soil indicator organisms highly sensitive to environmental changes, can effectively reflect microenvironmental heterogeneity through variations in their community composition and diversity.
Methods: This study was conducted in the Gongliu Wild Walnut Nature Reserve, Xinjiang. Three representative microtopographic habitats—shady slopes, sunny slopes, and ravines—were selected for investigation. In each habitat, soil Collembola communities and associated environmental variables were systematically surveyed to evaluate the effects of microtopography on community structure and diversity, and to identify the key environmental drivers shaping these patterns.
Results: A total of 1,548 Collembola individuals were collected, belonging to 6 families, 12 genera, and 19 species. Significant differences in monthly mean soil temperature, total phosphorus content, and canopy coverage were observed among microtopographic types. Collembola community composition also differed significantly among habitats. Although differences in diversity indices were not statistically significant, clear spatial trends were observed: diversity index was highest on shady slopes, intermediate on sunny slopes, and lowest in ravines. At the genus level, distinct distribution patterns were detected: Willowsia, Entomobrya, and Homidia occurred exclusively on shady slopes, whereas Xenylla was restricted to sunny slopes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that monthly mean soil temperature and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) were the primary factors influencing community composition. Collembola abundance was significantly negatively correlated with monthly mean soil moisture, and hydrothermal conditions were closely coupled with soil nutrient availability.
Conclusion: The study revealed that microtopography shapes heterogeneous microenvironmental conditions through the coupled effects of vegetation structure, microclimate, and soil properties, thereby driving spatial differentiation of soil Collembola communities.

Key words: habitat heterogeneity, Collembola, temperate forest, soil fauna diversity, microhabitat, microclimate

蒋翠憶, 谢致敬, 田中平, 李玥莹, 郑明心, 房帅, 米尔卡米力∙麦麦提, 依里帆∙艾克拜尔江, 高梅香, 张健 (2026) 微地形生境异质性对新疆西天山森林土壤跳虫群落分异的塑造作用. 生物多样性, 34, 25300. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025300.

Cuiyi Jiang, Zhijing Xie, Zhongping Tian, Yueying Li, Mingxin Zheng, Shuai Fang, Mierkamili Maimaiti, Erfan Akberjan, Meixiang Gao, Jian Zhang (2026) The role of microtopography in shaping forest soil Collembola community assembly in western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25300. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025300.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025300

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I4/25300

图/表 10

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微地形 Microtopography	海拔 Elevation (m)	植被类型 Vegetation type	郁闭度 Canopy coverage (%)	优势木本植物 Dominant woody plants
阴坡 Shady	1,228	森林 Forest	33	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,305	森林 Forest	28	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 野杏 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Prunus armeniaca
	1,454	森林 Forest	51	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 天山柳 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Salix tianschanica
阳坡 Sunny	1,251	灌丛 Shrub	4	野杏, 金丝桃叶绣线菊 Prunus armeniaca, Spiraea hypericifolia
	1,328	灌丛 Shrub	5	野杏, 准噶尔锦鸡儿 Prunus armeniaca, Caragana soongorica
	1,448	灌丛 Shrub	1	野杏, 金丝桃叶绣线菊 Prunus armeniaca, Spiraea hypericifolia
沟谷 Ravine	1,225	森林 Forest	53	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,264	森林 Forest	35	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,409	森林 Forest	44	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 天山柳 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Salix tianschanica

微地形 Microtopography	海拔 Elevation (m)	植被类型 Vegetation type	郁闭度 Canopy coverage (%)	优势木本植物 Dominant woody plants
阴坡 Shady	1,228	森林 Forest	33	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,305	森林 Forest	28	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 野杏 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Prunus armeniaca
	1,454	森林 Forest	51	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 天山柳 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Salix tianschanica
阳坡 Sunny	1,251	灌丛 Shrub	4	野杏, 金丝桃叶绣线菊 Prunus armeniaca, Spiraea hypericifolia
	1,328	灌丛 Shrub	5	野杏, 准噶尔锦鸡儿 Prunus armeniaca, Caragana soongorica
	1,448	灌丛 Shrub	1	野杏, 金丝桃叶绣线菊 Prunus armeniaca, Spiraea hypericifolia
沟谷 Ravine	1,225	森林 Forest	53	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,264	森林 Forest	35	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia
	1,409	森林 Forest	44	新疆野苹果, 新疆野核桃, 天山柳 Malus sieversii, Juglans regia, Salix tianschanica

微地形 Microtopography	丰富度 Richness	lg多度 lgAbundance	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
阴坡 Shady	6.33±0.33	2.68±0.29	1.53±0.09	0.75±0.03	0.58±0.05
阳坡 Sunny	6.67±0.33	3.19±0.43	0.99±0.32	0.48±0.17	0.37±0.13
沟谷 Ravine	4.00±1.53	2.66±0.19	0.66±0.33	0.35±0.18	0.27±0.14

微地形 Microtopography	丰富度 Richness	lg多度 lgAbundance	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
阴坡 Shady	6.33±0.33	2.68±0.29	1.53±0.09	0.75±0.03	0.58±0.05
阳坡 Sunny	6.67±0.33	3.19±0.43	0.99±0.32	0.48±0.17	0.37±0.13
沟谷 Ravine	4.00±1.53	2.66±0.19	0.66±0.33	0.35±0.18	0.27±0.14

	阴坡 Shady	阳坡 Sunny	沟谷 Ravine
球角跳科 Hypogastruridae	106.65±75.81 (15.99%)	3,810.00±3,614.28 (90.44%)	205.32±112.65 (37.26%)
棘跳科 Onychiuridae	253.47±114.08 (38.01%)	296.69±62.78 (7.04%)	267.91±147.78 (48.61%)
等节跳科 Isotomidae	272.75±136.80 (40.90%)	4.94±2.47 (0.12%)	54.42±35.07 (9.87%)
疣跳科 Neanuridae	14.44±14.44 (2.16%)	94.11±42.66 (2.23%)	22.22±22.22 (4.03%)
长角跳科 Entomobryidae	18.33±18.33 (2.75%)	7.22±7.22 (0.17%)	0±0 (0.00%)
齿棘圆跳科 Arrhopalitidae	1.23±1.23 (0.19%)	0±0 (0.00%)	1.23±1.23 (0.22%)

微地形生境异质性对新疆西天山森林土壤跳虫群落分异的塑造作用

The role of microtopography in shaping forest soil Collembola community assembly in western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang

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	阴坡 Shady	阳坡 Sunny	沟谷 Ravine
奇跳属 Xenylla	0±0 (0.00%)	3,497.93±3,475.72 (83.03%)	0±0 (0.00%)
双棘跳属 Bionychiurus	253.47±114.08 (38.01%)	296.69±62.78 (7.04%)	267.91±147.78 (48.61%)
泡角跳属 Ceratophysella	106.65±75.81 (15.99%)	312.07±139.89 (7.41%)	205.32±112.65 (37.26%)
原等跳属 Proisotoma	147.20±80.09 (22.07%)	2.47±2.47 (0.06%)	39.79±22.03 (7.22%)
符跳属 Folsomia	125.55±66.16 (18.83%)	0±0 (0.00%)	13.39±13.39 (2.43%)
奇刺跳属 Friesea	14.44±14.44 (2.16%)	94.11±42.66 (2.23%)	22.22±22.22 (4.03%)
裸长角跳属 Sinella	7.22±7.22 (1.08%)	7.22±7.22 (0.17%)	0±0 (0.00%)
柳跳属 Willowsia	6.17±6.17 (0.93%)	0±0 (0.00%)	0±0 (0.00%)
德跳属 Desoria	0±0 (0.00%)	2.47±2.47 (0.06%)	1.23±1.23 (0.22%)
长角跳属 Entomobrya	2.47±2.47 (0.37%)	0±0 (0.00%)	0±0 (0.00%)
刺齿跳属 Homidia	2.47±2.47 (0.37%)	0±0 (0.00%)	0±0 (0.00%)
齿棘圆跳属 Arrhopalites	1.23±1.23 (0.19%)	0±0 (0.00%)	1.23±1.23 (0.22%)

微地形 Microtopography	土壤月均温度 MMST (℃)	土壤月均湿度 MMSM	土壤酸碱度 pH	土壤有机碳 SOC (%)	土壤铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg/kg)	土壤总氮 TN (%)	土壤总磷 TP (g/kg)	郁闭度 CC
阴坡 Shady	13.78±0.59^a	0.35±0.01^a	7.13±0.13^a	6.61±0.33^a	6.57±1.47^a	0.52±0.06^a	0.98±0.08^ab	0.37±0.07^b
阳坡 Sunny	15.85±0.72^b	0.30±0.05^a	7.23±0.07^a	5.07±0.62^a	4.88±0.61^a	0.72±0.07^a	0.84±0.19^a	0.03±0.01^a
沟谷 Ravine	13.57±0.54^a	0.34±0.03^a	7.18±0.02^a	6.89±0.92^a	5.91±1.41^a	0.70±0.04^a	1.22±0.17^b	0.44±0.05^b

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