生物多样性风险对企业财务绩效的影响: 来自中国上市公司的证据

doi:10.17520/biods.2025330

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 25330. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025330 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025330

• 研究报告: 生物安全与自然保护 • 上一篇下一篇

生物多样性风险对企业财务绩效的影响: 来自中国上市公司的证据

李伯尧¹(), 盛天成²(), 幸小云²^,^*()()

¹ 中国政法大学商学院, 北京 100088
² 北京林业大学经济管理学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-08-18 接受日期:2026-03-17 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-05-27
通讯作者: *E-mail: xyxing@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划(25CXTD04);国家自然科学基金(72473009)

Impact of biodiversity risk on corporate financial performance: Evidence from listed companies in China

Boyao Li¹(), Tiancheng Sheng²(), Xiaoyun Xing²^,^*()()

¹ Business School, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing 100088, China
² School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-08-18 Accepted:2026-03-17 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-05-27
Contact: *E-mail: xyxing@bjfu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Program for Young Innovative Research Team in China University of Political Science and Law(25CXTD04);the National Nature Science Foundation of China(72473009)

1. 附录.pdf(482KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国作为兼具生态压力与快速发展的新兴经济体, 关于生物多样性风险如何影响企业财务绩效的实证证据仍较为有限。基于2007-2022年中国A股上市公司的面板数据, 本文采用生物多样性风险暴露指数和生物多样性关注指数量化企业层面的风险敞口, 系统检验生物多样性风险对企业资产回报率(ROA)的影响。研究发现, 生物多样性风险显著降低企业财务绩效, 表明生物多样性风险会通过推升合规成本和资源再配置压力侵蚀企业盈利能力。这一负向影响具有显著异质性: 在地理维度上, 市场化程度高、环境规制刚性高的东部地区的风险抑制效应显著强于政策缓冲空间较大的中西部地区; 在所有制维度上, 非国有企业的财务脆弱性显著高于国有企业; 在行业维度上, 生物多样性风险影响和企业应对方式存在明显差异。同时, 绿色产品创新在生物多样性风险与企业财务绩效之间发挥中介作用, 短期内可能因创新投入增加而加重财务压力。本研究在中国情境下为生物多样性风险影响企业基本面提供了微观证据, 并揭示了其在地理、所有制和行业维度上的异质性, 为协调生态文明建设目标与企业可持续发展、完善差异化环境规制和创新激励机制提供了经验依据。

关键词: 生物多样性风险, 企业财务绩效, 环境规制, 绿色创新, 异质性

Abstract

Aims: As an emerging economy facing both ecological pressure and rapid development, China has limited empirical evidence on how biodiversity risk affects corporate financial performance.
Methods: Using panel data for Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2022, this study employed the Biodiversity Exposure Index and the Biodiversity Concern Index to quantify corporate-level risk exposure, and systematically examined the impact of biodiversity risks on corporate return on assets.
Results: Biodiversity risks significantly reduced corporate financial performance, highlighting the transmission mechanism through which biodiversity risks erode profitability by increasing compliance costs and resource reallocation pressures. This negative impact exhibited significant heterogeneity. Geographically, in the eastern regions with high marketization levels and stringent environmental regulations, the risk suppression effect was significantly stronger than in the central and western regions with greater policy buffer space. In terms of ownership structure, non-state-owned enterprises, constrained by financing limitations and weaker policy support, exhibited significantly higher financial vulnerability than state-owned enterprises. In terms of industry, the impacts of biodiversity risks and corporate response strategies exhibited significant differences. Additionally, product innovation played a mediating role between biodiversity risk and corporate financial performance, potentially exacerbating financial pressure in the short term due to increased innovation investments. This study provides micro‑level evidence of biodiversity risk impacts on corporate fundamentals in the Chinese context.
Conclusions: The findings reveal the geographical, ownership structure, and industry heterogeneity of these effects. This study offers critical insights for aligning ecological civilization goals with corporate sustainability and provides important implications for refining differentiated environmental regulatory policies and innovative incentive mechanisms. Policies should incorporate biodiversity risks into national planning, adopt differentiated measures, and offset short-term costs by supporting green innovation.

Key words: biodiversity risk, corporate financial performance, environmental regulation, green innovation, heterogeneity

李伯尧, 盛天成, 幸小云 (2026) 生物多样性风险对企业财务绩效的影响: 来自中国上市公司的证据. 生物多样性, 34, 25330. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025330.

Boyao Li, Tiancheng Sheng, Xiaoyun Xing (2026) Impact of biodiversity risk on corporate financial performance: Evidence from listed companies in China. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25330. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025330.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025330

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I4/25330

图/表 12

参考文献 26

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变量类型	变量名称	英文全称	变量符号	变量度量
被解释变量	资产回报率	Return on assets	ROA	净利润/总资产
解释变量	生物多样性风险暴露指数	Biodiversity Exposure Index	BE	由关键词词频赋值
	生物多样性关注指数	Biodiversity Concern Index	BC	关键词词频占比
控制变量	企业规模	Firm size	Size	总资产取对数
	资产负债率	Leverage ratio	Lev	总负债/总资产
	营收增长率	Revenue growth rate	Growth	本年营业收入总额/上一年营业收入总额

变量类型	变量名称	英文全称	变量符号	变量度量
被解释变量	资产回报率	Return on assets	ROA	净利润/总资产
解释变量	生物多样性风险暴露指数	Biodiversity Exposure Index	BE	由关键词词频赋值
	生物多样性关注指数	Biodiversity Concern Index	BC	关键词词频占比
控制变量	企业规模	Firm size	Size	总资产取对数
	资产负债率	Leverage ratio	Lev	总负债/总资产
	营收增长率	Revenue growth rate	Growth	本年营业收入总额/上一年营业收入总额

变量 Variables	观测值 Observations	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
ROA	40,932	0.041	0.061	-0.223	0.208
BE	40,932	0.436	0.496	0.000	1.000
BC	40,932	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.010
Size	40,931	22.115	1.333	14.158	28.636
Lev	40,932	0.417	0.205	0.051	0.888
Growth	40,901	0.171	0.372	-0.527	2.213

变量 Variables	观测值 Observations	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
ROA	40,932	0.041	0.061	-0.223	0.208
BE	40,932	0.436	0.496	0.000	1.000
BC	40,932	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.010
Size	40,931	22.115	1.333	14.158	28.636
Lev	40,932	0.417	0.205	0.051	0.888
Growth	40,901	0.171	0.372	-0.527	2.213

变量 Variables	BE模型 BE model	BC模型 BC model
被解释变量 DV	ROA	ROA
BE	-0.002345^***
	(0.000605)
BC		-2.018842^***
		(0.656294)
Size	0.009733^***	0.009573^***
	(0.000279)	(0.000274)
Lev	-0.147774^***	-0.147735^***
	(0.001890)	(0.001890)
Growth	0.040498^***	0.040458^***
	(0.001009)	(0.001009)
常数项 Constant	-0.118338^***	-0.115637^***
	(0.005741)	(0.005676)
固定效应 Fixed effects	是 Yes	是 Yes
观测值 Observations	40,900	40,900
调整后R²Adjusted R²	0.252565	0.252408

生物多样性风险对企业财务绩效的影响: 来自中国上市公司的证据

Impact of biodiversity risk on corporate financial performance: Evidence from listed companies in China

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参考文献 26

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变量 Variables	BE模型 BE model		BC模型 BC model
变量 Variables	第一阶段 First stage	第二阶段 Second stage	第一阶段 First stage	第二阶段 Second stage
被解释变量 DV	BE	ROA	BC1e6	ROA
IV_BE	0.674891^***
	(0.059)
BE		-0.031078^***
		(0.010)
IV_BC1e6			0.231670^***
			(0.053)
BC1e6				-0.000058^*
				(0.000)
Size	0.081096	0.013647	11.520616^***	0.011495^***
	(0.003)	(0.000905)	(0.907)	(0.000)
Lev	-0.036283	-0.158496	-5.530266	-0.155529^***
	(0.016)	(0.002)	(5.902)	(0.002)
Growth	-0.005389	0.048850	-8.561463^***	0.053751^***
	(0.008)	(0.001)	(3.108)	(0.001)
常数项 Constant	-1.578773^***	-0.173306^***	9.835776	-0.124574^***
	(0.071)	(0.015)	(25.193)	(0.008)
F统计量 Cragg-Donald Wald F	128.92		107.557
Anderson-Rubin 95%置信区间 Anderson-Rubin 95% confidence interval		[-0.051566, -0.010590]		[-.0001114, -4.49e-06]
观测值 Observations	26,209	26,209	26,209	26,209
R²	0.262	0.239	0.158	0.277
调整后R² Adjusted R²	0.261		0.157

变量 Variables	BE模型 BE model	BC模型 BC model	多期滞后模型 Multi-period lag model
被解释变量 DV	ROE	ROE	ROA
BE	-0.003389^**
	(0.001347)
BC		-6.314404^***
		(1.884943)
L.BE			-0.001457
			(0.001270)
L2.BE			-0.001346
			(0.001397)
L3.BE			-0.002074
			(0.001312)
L.BC			5.742202*
			(3.108998)
L2.BC			-1.060511
			(4.739165)
L3.BC			-6.349210^*
			(3.827503)
常数项 Constant	-0.374697^***	-0.371332^***	-0.225105^***
	(0.014080)	(0.013942)	(0.009404)
固定效应 Fixed effects	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
观测值 Observations	40,835	40,835	13,697
调整后R² Adjusted R²	0.162266	0.162400	0.2869

变量 Variables	BE模型 BE model			BC模型 BC model
变量 Variables	西部地区 Western region	东部地区 Eastern region	中部地区 Central region	西部地区 Western region	东部地区 Eastern region	中部地区 Central region
被解释变量 DV	ROA	ROA	ROA	ROA	ROA	ROA
BE	0.001751	-0.003500^***	0.000243
	(0.001812)	(0.000726)	(0.001569)
BC				-0.456884	-1.875953^**	-6.000618^***
				(1.710981)	(0.763839)	(2.211839)
常数项 Constant	-0.187840^***	-0.108552^***	-0.183010^***	-0.189985^***	-0.104058^***	-0.183394^***
	(0.016963)	(0.006692)	(0.015754)	(0.016909)	(0.006603)	(0.015674)
固定效应 Fixed effects	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
观测值 Observations	4,965	27,735	6,193	4,965	27,735	6,193
调整后R²Adjusted R²	0.304304	0.244027	0.288845	0.304172	0.243508	0.289331

变量 Variables	BE模型 BE model		BC模型 BC model
变量 Variables	国有企业 State-owned corporate	非国有企业 Non-state-owned corporate	国有企业 State-owned corporate	非国有企业 Non-state-owned corporate
被解释变量 DV	ROA	ROA	ROA	ROA
BE	0.000579	-0.003282^***
	(0.000929)	(0.000810)
BC			-0.645367	-2.461043^***
			(1.208398)	(0.791905)
常数项 Constant	-0.138379^***	-0.145665^***	-0.139078^***	-0.141431^***
	(0.007746)	(0.009137)	(0.007694)	(0.009026)
固定效应 Fixed effects	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
观测值 Observations	14,268	24,075	14,268	24,075
调整后R² Adjusted R²	0.280578	0.242326	0.280571	0.241996

变量 Variables	BE模型 BE model			BC模型 BC model
变量 Variables	高敏感度行业 High-sensitivity industry	中敏感度行业 Medium-sensitivity industry	低敏感度行业 Low-sensitivity industry	高敏感度行业 High-sensitivity industry	中敏感度行业 Medium-sensitivity industry	低敏感度行业 Low-sensitivity industry
被解释变量 DV	ROA	ROA	ROA	ROA	ROA	ROA
BE	0.0070411^*	0.0035652^***	-0.001037
	(0.0029809)	(0.0007842)	(0.0027549)
BC				-2.773192^*	1.617218^*	-12.92617
				(1.329168)	(0.6517192)	(13.16067)
常数项 Constant	0.0594131^***	0.0855468^***	0.0660308^***	0.0656899^***	0.0866187^***	0.0664181^***
	(0.0052501)	(0.0008765)	(0.0024934)	(0.0048338)	(0.0008458)	(0.002416)
固定效应 Fixed effects	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes	是 Yes
观测值 Observations	1,409	21,856	2,538	1,409	21,856	2,538
R²	0.2298	0.2526	0.2065	0.2287	0.2520	0.2069
调整后R² Adjusted R²	0.2187	0.2519	0.1996	0.2176	0.2512	0.2000

效应路径 Effect path	BE模型 BE model				BC模型 BC model
效应路径 Effect path	系数 Coefficient	标准误 SE	95%置信区间下限 95% CIL	95%置信区间上限 95% CIU	系数 Coefficient	标准误 SE	95%置信区间下限 95% CIL	95%置信区间上限 95% CIU
间接效应 Indirect effects	-2.71×10^-5	1.18×10^-5	-5.21×10^-5	-5.57×10^-6	-7.21×10^-2	2.83×10^-2	-1.43×10^-1	-2.72×10^-2
直接效应 Direct effects	-2.02×10^-3	6.02×10^-4	-3.23×10^-3	-9.11×10^-4	-1.78	6.60×10^-1	-3.15	-5.02×10^-1
自变项→中介项 Independent variable → mediator	4.19×10^-2	1.71×10^-2	7.22×10^-3	7.47×10^-2	1.12×10²	3.89×10¹	4.29×10¹	1.96×10²
中介项→因变项 Mediator→dependent variable	-6.48×10^-4	1.22×10^-4	-8.96×10^-4	-4.16×10^-4	-6.46×10^-4	1.22×10^-4	-8.98×10^-4	-4.15×10^-4
总效应 Total effects	-2.35×10^-3	6.02×10^-4	-3.57×10^-3	-1.25×10^-3	-2.02	6.69×10^-1	-3.46	-7.38×10^-1

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