西鄂尔多斯高原濒危孑遗植物四合木相关真菌的多样性与群落构建机制

doi:10.17520/biods.2025290

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 25290. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025290 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025290

• 研究报告: 微生物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

西鄂尔多斯高原濒危孑遗植物四合木相关真菌的多样性与群落构建机制

陈昭^,^#, 徐颖^,^#, 梁田雨, 赵艳玲, 张旋, 王禄景, 杨颜慈^*(), 王永龙^*()

包头师范学院生态环境学院, 内蒙古包头 014030

收稿日期:2025-07-21 接受日期:2025-11-28 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-09
通讯作者: *E-mail: wylongceltics@163.com; yycjyl@163.com
作者简介:
#共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32260027);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目(NJZY22029);内蒙古高等学校青年科技人才发展项目(青年科技英才)(NJYT24051)

Diversity and mechanisms underlying community assembly of the fungi associated with Tetraena mongolica, an endangered relict plant in West Ordos

Zhao Chen^,^#, Ying Xu^,^#, Tianyu Liang, Yanling Zhao, Xuan Zhang, Lujing Wang, Yanci Yang^*(), Yonglong Wang^*()

School of Ecology and Environment, Baotou Teachers’ College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030, China

Received:2025-07-21 Accepted:2025-11-28 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-09
Contact: *E-mail: wylongceltics@163.com; yycjyl@163.com
About author:
#Co-first authors
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260027);Scientific and Technological Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJZY22029);Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT24051)

1. 附录.pdf(803KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

四合木(Tetraena mongolica)是内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原地区珍稀濒危孑遗植物, 目前已有研究对四合木相关真菌的多样性和群落结构仍知之甚少。本研究利用Illumina高通量测序技术分析四合木叶片、根系和根际土壤样本中的真菌多样性, 探究其群落结构与构建机制。结果表明, 四合木不同部位共有752个真菌可操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs), 不同部位的真菌多样性和群落组成存在显著差异, 不同植物部位具有偏好性和标志性真菌类群。真菌多样性从根际土壤到根再到叶呈降低趋势, 其中根和叶的表生真菌多样性高于内生真菌。中性群落模型、修正后随机率和基于系统发育分箱推断群落构建机制的零模型分析显示, 随机性过程特别是扩散限制和生态漂变主导了四合木相关真菌群落的构建, 各生态学过程在不同部位真菌群落构建中的重要性不同。本研究可为珍稀孑遗植物的保护提供一定的科学依据和实践指导。

关键词: 孑遗植物, 植物部位, 偏好性真菌, 扩散限制, 功能类群

Abstract

Aim: This study explored the diversity and ecological mechanisms of the fungal communities in different compartments of Tetraena mongolica.

Methods: Leaf, root and soil samples were collected from T. mongolica, and Illumina high-throughput sequencing targeting the fungal ITS1 region was employed to analyze fungal diversity and composition. Additionally, preference analysis and LEfSe analysis were adopted to detect the biomarker fungi for each plant compartment, and the neutral community model (NCM), modified stochasticity ratio (MST) and infer community assembly mechanisms by phylogenetic-bin-based null model analysis (iCAMP) approaches were used to examine the ecological processes driving fungal communities.

Results: A total of 752 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified across five plant compartments. Significant differences in fungal diversity and composition were observed among compartments, with niche-preferential OTUs and biomarker taxa specific to each compartment. Fungal diversity decreased progressively from the rhizosphere soil to root and then leaf. Epiphytic samples of roots and leaves harbored higher fungal diversity than endophytic samples. Integrated analyses using the NCM, MST, and iCAMP revealed that stochastic processes, particularly the dispersal limitation and ecological drift, dominated fungal community assembly. Furthermore, the relative importance of these ecological processes varied across different plant compartments.

Conclusion: This research reveals, for the first time, the community diversity and community assembly mechanisms of fungi associated with the endangered relict plant T. mongolica, and provides a scientific basis and practical guidance for conserving rare relict plants.

Key words: relict plant, plant compartment, preference fungi, dispersal limitation, functional group

陈昭, 徐颖, 梁田雨, 赵艳玲, 张旋, 王禄景, 杨颜慈, 王永龙 (2026) 西鄂尔多斯高原濒危孑遗植物四合木相关真菌的多样性与群落构建机制. 生物多样性, 34, 25290. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025290.

Zhao Chen, Ying Xu, Tianyu Liang, Yanling Zhao, Xuan Zhang, Lujing Wang, Yanci Yang, Yonglong Wang (2026) Diversity and mechanisms underlying community assembly of the fungi associated with Tetraena mongolica, an endangered relict plant in West Ordos. Biodiversity Science, 34, 25290. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025290.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2025290

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I3/25290

图/表 8

图1 西鄂尔多斯高原孑遗植物四合木野外照片。(a)野外居群; (b)采样时单植株样貌。

Fig. 1 Field photos of Tetraena mongolica, an endangered relict plant in West Ordos Plateau. (a) Field population; (b) Single plant individual.

图2 四合木不同部位真菌alpha多样性分析。(a)丰富度指数; (b) Shannon指数; (c) Simpson指数; (d) Chao1指数。GN: 根内; GB: 根表; GT: 根际土壤; YN: 叶内; YB: 叶表。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Analysis on diversity of fungal alpha in different compartments of Tetraena mongolica. (a) Richness indices; (b) Shannon indices; (c) Simpson indices; (d) Chao1 indices. GN, Root endophytic fungi; GB, Root epiphytic fungi; GT, Rhizosphere soil; YN, Phyllosphere endophytic fungi; YB, Phyllosphere epiphytic fungi. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

图3 四合木不同部位独有及共享的操作分类单元(OTUs)的分布Upset图。GN: 根内; GB: 根表; GT: 根际土壤; YN: 叶内; YB: 叶表。数值大小表示OTUs丰度数数值大小; 交集大小表示各部位之间共享OTUs的个数; 圆点示意植物部位。

Fig. 3 Upset diagram of distribution of unique and shared fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across different compartments of Tetraena mongolica. GN, Root endophytic fungi; GB, Root epiphytic fungi; GT, Rhizosphere soil; YN, Phyllosphere endophytic fungi; YB, Phyllosphere epiphytic fungi. Numerical size indicates OTUs richness; intersection size indicates the number of shared OTUs across different plant compartments; black dots indicate plant compartments.

图4 四合木真菌群落在纲(a)和目(b)水平上优势类群(高于总序列数5%)的相对多度。GN: 根内; GB: 根表; GT: 根际土壤; YN: 叶内; YB: 叶表。

Fig. 4 Relative abundance of dominant fungal taxonomy associated with Tetraena mongolica at the class (a) and order (b) levels (more than 5% of total reads). GN, Root endophytic fungi; GB, Root epiphytic fungi; GT, Rhizosphere soil; YN, Phyllosphere endophytic fungi; YB, Phyllosphere epiphytic fungi.

图5 基于Bray-Curtis距离矩阵的四合木植物各部位真菌群落的主坐标分析(PCoA)。GN: 根内; GB: 根表; GT: 根际土壤; YN: 叶内; YB: 叶表。

Fig. 5 Principle coordinate analysis (PCoA) of fungal communities in Tetraena mongolica based on Bray-Curtis distance. GN, Root endophytic fungi; GB, Root epiphytic fungi; GT, Rhizosphere soil; YN, Phyllosphere endophytic fungi; YB, Phyllosphere epiphytic fungi.

图6 植物部位与真菌的偏好性。(a) 39个优势OTUs与植物部位之间的偏好性; (b)二维偏好性与校正的P值关系图。2DP ≥ 1.95表示植物部位与真菌OTUs具有显著的配对偏好性。2DP: 二维偏好性。FDR: 错误发现率。GN: 根内; GB: 根表; GT: 根际土壤; YN: 叶内; YB: 叶表。* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001。

Fig. 6 Preference of plant compartment-fungus associations. (a) Preferences between the 39 dominant fungal OTUs and plant compartment. (b) Relationship between 2DP and FDR-adjusted P values. 2DP, Two-dimentional preference. FDR, False discovery rate. GN, Root endophytic fungi; GB, Root epiphytic fungi; GT, Rhizosphere soil; YN, Phyllosphere endophytic fungi; YB, Phyllosphere epiphytic fungi. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

图7 四合木各部位的标志性真菌类群(LDA score (log10) > 4.5, P < 0.05)。LDA score (log10): 线性判别分析得分数值(log10转换)。YB: 叶表; YN: 叶内; GB: 根表; GN: 根内; GT: 根际土壤。

Fig. 7 Fungal biomarkers in each plant compartments of Tetraena mongolica. (LEfSe: LDA > 4.5, P < 0.05). LDA score (log10), Linear discriminant analysis score (log10). YB, Phyllosphere epiphytic fungi; YN, Phyllosphere endophytic fungi; GB, Root epiphytic fungi; GN, Root endophytic fungi; GT, Rhizosphere soil fungi.

图8 四合木真菌群落的生态构建机制。(a)真菌群落的中性群落模型(NCM)分析; (b)植物不同部位真菌群落的校正的标准化随机比率(MST)分析; (c)各生态过程对真菌群落构建的重要性。DL: 扩散限制; DR: 漂变; HoS: 均质化选择; HD: 均质化扩散; HeS: 异质化选择; GN: 根内; GB: 根表; GT: 根际土壤; YN: 叶内; YB: 叶表。

Fig. 8 Ecological assembly mechanisms of fungal communities associated with Tetraena mongolica. (a) Neutral community model (NCM) analyses for fungal communities; (b) Modified stochasticity ration (MST) analyses for fungal communities; (c) The relative importance of ecological processes in driving fungal community assembly. DL, Dispersal limitation; DR, Drift; HoS, Homogeneous selection; HD, Homogenizing dispersal; HeS, Heterogeneous selection; GN, Root endophytic fungi; GB, Root epiphytic fungi; GT, Rhizosphere soil fungi; YN, Phyllosphere endophytic fungi; YB, Phyllosphere epiphytic fungi.

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西鄂尔多斯高原濒危孑遗植物四合木相关真菌的多样性与群落构建机制

Diversity and mechanisms underlying community assembly of the fungi associated with Tetraena mongolica, an endangered relict plant in West Ordos

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