生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 25005.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025005  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025005

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 •    下一篇

冰雪灾害后江西九连山常绿阔叶林的群落动态变化

杨世赟1, 胡禄洁1, 黄钦秀1, 曾施绮1, 王佳骏1, 张彤1, 张参参1, 卜文圣1,2*   

  1. 1. 江西农业大学林学院，南昌 330000; 2. 江西九连山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，南昌 330045
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-07 修回日期:2025-06-10 接受日期:2025-08-12 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-10-31
  • 通讯作者: 卜文圣

Post-snowstorm community dynamics in an evergreen broad-leaved forest of Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province

Shiyun Yang1，Lujie Hu1，Qinxiu Huang1，Shiqi Zeng1，Jiajun Wang1，Tong Zhang1，Cancan Zhang1，Wensheng Bu1,2*   

  1. 1.Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330000, China 

    2.Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Nanchang 330045, China

  • Received:2025-01-07 Revised:2025-06-10 Accepted:2025-08-12 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-10-31
  • Contact: Wensheng Bu

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摘要： 本文旨在通过分析2008年中国南方冰雪灾害后14年间九连山常绿阔叶林的物种组成、林分结构及多样性的变化, 揭示灾后群落的动态特征, 为森林恢复与可持续管提供依据。以江西省九连山4 ha常绿阔叶林动态监测样地冰雪灾害后2008年和2022年两次群落学调查数据为基础, 将群落树种划分成幼树(1 cm ≤ DBH < 5 cm)、小树(5 cm ≤ DBH < 10 cm)和成树(DBH ≥ 10 cm) 3个不同生长阶段, 研究了常绿阔叶林的群落动态变化规律。结果表明: 2008年样地内共有木本植物13,308株, 分属47科87属185种; 2022年共有木本植物17,116株, 分属41科76属178种。2022年, 样地内幼树、小树和成树阶段的个体密度比2008年分别增加了39.4%、9.7%和4.4%; 胸高断面积分别增加了23.1%、14.3%和3.7%。2022年样地总体和幼树阶段的物种丰富度及幼树阶段的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著高于2008年。2022年幼树阶段的稀有种数比2008年有所降低(61种vs.76种), 但常见种数量增加(46种vs.40种)。与2008年相比, 2022年样地内幼树阶段的平均胸径显著下降, 但3个生长阶段的平均树高均显著上升; 2022年样地内幼树和小树阶段中先锋种的重要值增加, 而成树阶段中耐阴种的重要值增加。2008–2022年, 受冰雪灾害干扰后的常绿阔叶林群落呈现恢复态势, 幼树个体数量与物种丰富度的显著增长成为群落更新的关键驱动力。尽管群落整体多样性提升, 但平均胸径的缩减表明冰雪灾害的影响是长期的。此外, 尽管冰雪灾害后光照、空间等资源的释放增加了幼树阶段先锋种的物种数, 但群落仍然朝着耐阴种占比增多的方向发展。

关键词: 冰雪灾害, 常绿阔叶林, 自然恢复, 群落动态

Abstract

Aims: This study analyzes changes in species composition, stand structure, and diversity of Jiulian Mountains evergreen broad-leaved forests over 14 years following the 2008 southern snow disaster, revealing post-disaster community dynamics to inform forest restoration and sustainable management. 

Method: Based on two phytosociological surveys (2008 and 2022) in a 4 ha evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamics plot in Jiulian Mountains, Jiangxi Province. We classified trees into three growth stages (saplings: 1 cm ≤ DBH < 5 cm; treelets: 5 cm ≤ DBH < 10 cm; adult trees: DBH ≥ 10 cm) to examine post-snow community dynamics. 

Results: The results revealed 13,308 woody plants (47 families, 87 genera, and 185 species) in 2008, which increased to 17,116 individuals (41 families, 76 genera, and 178 species) by 2022. From 2008 to 2022, the density of individuals increased by 39.4% for saplings, 9.7% for treelets, and 4.4% for adult trees, while basal area increased by 23.1%, 14.3%, and 3.7%, respectively. In 2022, overall species richness, as well as species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index at the sapling stage, were significantly higher than in 2008. From 2008 to 2022, the number of rare species at the sapling stage decreased from 76 to 61 species, while the number of common species increased from 40 to 46 species. In 2022, the mean DBH at the sapling stage significantly decreased compared to 2008, while mean tree height across all growth stages showed a significant increase. From 2008 to 2022, the importance values (IV) of pioneer species increased in sapling and treelet stages, while IV of shade-tolerant species increased in the adult tree stage. 

Conclusion: From 2008 to 2022, the evergreen broad-leaved forest community exhibited a recovery trend after snow disaster disturbance, with a significant increase in sapling abundance and species richness serving as key drivers of regeneration. Although overall diversity increased, the reduction in mean DBH indicates that the snow disaster had long-term impacts. Following the snow disaster, the release of resources such as light and space increased pioneer species richness at the sapling stage, yet the community shifted toward greater dominance of shade-tolerant species.

Key words: snow disaster, evergreen broad-leaved forest, natural recovery, community dynamics

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