生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 24552.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024552  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024552

• 技术与方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

eDNA技术在两栖动物调查中的应用: 以湖南莽山国家级自然保护区为例

彭文1, 邓泽帅1, 郑文宝1, 龚凌轩1, 曾玉枫1, 孟昊1, 陈军2, 杨道德1*   

  1. 1. 中南林业科技大学野生动植物保护研究所, 长沙 410004; 2. 湖南莽山国家级自然保护区管理局, 湖南郴州 424206
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-08 修回日期:2025-04-08 接受日期:2025-04-29 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 杨道德

Application of eDNA technology in amphibian surveys: A case study of Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve

Wen Peng1, Zeshuai Deng1, Wenbao Zheng1, Lingxuan Gong1, Yufeng Zeng1, Hao Meng1, Jun Chen2, Daode Yang1*   

  1. 1 Institute of Wildlife Conservation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China 

    2 Administration Bureau of Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve, Chenzhou, Hunan 424206, China

  • Received:2024-12-08 Revised:2025-04-08 Accepted:2025-04-29 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-07-28
  • Contact: Daode Yang

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摘要： 野生动物的科学保护和有效管理高度依赖于资源本底数据, 而调查方法的精度直接决定了资源评估结果的客观性与准确性。环境DNA (eDNA)技术已在鱼类等水生生物的物种监测中得到广泛应用, 但在两栖动物资源调查中的应用相对较少, 且多集中于对具体物种的监测。本研究以湖南莽山国家级自然保护区为例, 探究eDNA技术在莽山地区两栖动物资源调查中的检测效率与准确性。本研究利用2023年7–8月在该保护区19个水体采样位点所获取的eDNA检测数据, 与同期采用传统的样线法调查所得数据进行对比分析, 并通过计算α和β多样性对两种方法所得结果进行了详细评估。结果显示: 采用这两种方法记录的两栖动物均为34种, 但相同的物种仅有24种; 在Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数上, 这两种方法所获得的两栖动物多样性均存在显著差异(P < 0.05); PCoA和ANOSIM分析的结果也显示, 两种方法记录到的物种组成存在显著差异(P < 0.05), 其原因可能是受到物种习性、采样地点与时间、环境干扰等因素的影响。本研究表明: eDNA技术在两栖动物资源调查方面虽具有较明显的优点, 但目前仍不能完全替代传统的样线法。建议将eDNA技术与传统的调查方法相结合, 以便获得更准确的两栖动物资源本底数据, 促进两栖动物资源的科学保护和管理。

关键词: 两栖动物, 物种多样性调查, 环境DNA技术, 多样性指数, 湖南莽山国家级自然保护区

Abstract

Aims: Scientific protection and effective management of wildlife highly rely on baseline data regarding biological resources, and the precision of survey methods directly affects the objectivity and accuracy of resource assessments. Environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has been widely used in monitoring of fish community, but its application in amphibian surveys still remains relatively limited and is mostly focused on detecting specific species. This study takes Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve as a case study to evaluate the detection efficiency and accuracy of eDNA technology in amphibian surveys. 

Methods: eDNA test samples were collected from 19 water sampling sites within the reserve between July to August 2023. eDNA data were then compared with data collected during the same period using traditional transect survey methods. By calculating α and β diversity, a comprehensive evaluation of the two methods results was conducted. Results: Both methods detected 34 amphibian species, with 24 species identified by both approaches. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between the two methods in terms of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou evenness index. PCoA and ANOSIM analysis showed significant differences in species composition between the two methods (P < 0.05), potentially influenced by species behavior, sampling location and timing, and environmental disturbances. 

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that while eDNA technology offers clear advantages in amphibian resource survey, it cannot yet completely replace traditional transect method. It is suggested that eDNA techniques be integrated with traditional approaches to obtain more comprehensive and accurate baseline data on amphibian resources, thereby supporting more informed conservation and management efforts.

Key words: amphibia, species diversity survey, environmental DNA technology, diversity index, Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve

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