生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 24387. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024387 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024387
王太1,2(), 宋福俊1,2, 张永胜3, 娄忠玉1,2, 张艳萍1,2, 杜岩岩1,2,*(
)
收稿日期:
2024-09-02
接受日期:
2024-11-22
出版日期:
2025-04-20
发布日期:
2025-03-27
通讯作者:
*E-mail: 273639273@qq.com
基金资助:
Wang Tai1,2(), Song Fujun1,2, Zhang Yongsheng3, Lou Zhongyu1,2, Zhang Yanping1,2, Du Yanyan1,2,*(
)
Received:
2024-09-02
Accepted:
2024-11-22
Online:
2025-04-20
Published:
2025-03-27
Contact:
*E-mail: 273639273@qq.com
Supported by:
摘要:
为了解河西走廊内陆河水系的鱼类多样性和资源现状, 作者于2019年4月至2023年10月在该流域设置了25个采样断面, 进行了8次调查。共采集鱼类9,743尾, 隶属于4目8科20属29种, 其中甘肃省重点保护鱼类有祁连裸鲤(Gymnocypris chilienensis)和黄河裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis pylzovi) 2种, 列入《中国生物多样性红色名录》易危和近危的物种有4种, 河西走廊内陆河特有鱼类4种。3条内陆河水系现有鱼类以小型鱼类为主, 祁连裸鲤、酒泉高原鳅(Triplophysa hsutschouensis)、鲫(Carassius auratus)为优势种, 不同水系不同时间段优势种有一定差异。河西走廊内陆河水系鱼类多样性总体较低, 其中Margalef丰富度指数在夏季最高, 为2.215; Simpson优势度指数在秋季最高, 为0.715; Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数都在春季最高, 分别为1.463和0.716。黑河的Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高, 分别为2.767 ± 1.455和1.549 ± 0.432; 疏勒河的Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数最高, 分别为0.755 ± 0.060和0.807 ± 0.095。3条内陆河上游与中下游的鱼类种类组成有明显差异, 采用冗余分析发现, 总磷是影响鱼类群落结构差异的主要因子。与20世纪80年代的调查数据相比, 祁连裸鲤和叶尔羌高原鳅(Triplophysa yarkandensis)的分布区域缩小, 其他高原鳅属(Triplophysa)鱼类的分布范围尚未有较大变化。水资源短缺、外来物种入侵和水利工程建设是影响河西走廊内陆河水系鱼类多样性和分布的主要因素。
王太, 宋福俊, 张永胜, 娄忠玉, 张艳萍, 杜岩岩 (2025) 河西走廊内陆河水系鱼类多样性及资源现状. 生物多样性, 33, 24387. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024387.
Wang Tai, Song Fujun, Zhang Yongsheng, Lou Zhongyu, Zhang Yanping, Du Yanyan (2025) Fish diversity and resource status in interior drainage systems of Hexi Corridor. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24387. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024387.
河流 River | 编号 Code | 断面名称 Section name | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
石羊河 Shiyang River | 支流 Tributary | D1 | 大靖河 Dajing River | 37°15ʹ | 103°19ʹ | 2,189 |
支流 Tributary | D2 | 古浪河 Gulang River | 36°56ʹ | 102°55ʹ | 2,216 | |
支流 Tributary | D3 | 黄羊河 Huangyang River | 37°00ʹ | 102°38ʹ | 2,180 | |
支流 Tributary | D4 | 杂木河 Zamu River | 37°10ʹ | 102°24ʹ | 2,674 | |
上游 Upstream | D5 | 西营河 Xiying River | 37°22ʹ | 102°07ʹ | 2,270 | |
下游 Downstream | D6 | 红崖山水库 Hongyashan Reservoir | 37°50ʹ | 102°50ʹ | 1,410 | |
下游 Downstream | D7 | 青土湖 Qingtu Lake | 38°32ʹ | 103°37ʹ | 1,307 | |
支流 Tributary | D8 | 金川河 Jinchuan River | 37°41ʹ | 101°41ʹ | 1,820 | |
黑河 Heihe River | 支流 Tributary | D9 | 阿柔乡 Arou Town | 37°39ʹ | 100°50ʹ | 2,603 |
上游 Upstream | D10 | 野牛沟乡 Yeniugou Town | 38°02ʹ | 99°55ʹ | 3,464 | |
上游 Upstream | D11 | 落鹰峡 Luoying Gorge | 38°11ʹ | 100°24ʹ | 1,930 | |
中游 Midstream | D12 | 土桥镇 Tuqiao Town | 38°42ʹ | 100°38ʹ | 1,920 | |
中游 Midstream | D13 | 高台乡 Gaotai Town | 38°59ʹ | 100°10ʹ | 1,336 | |
中游 Midstream | D14 | 正义峡 Zhengyi Gorge | 39°21ʹ | 99°56ʹ | 1,300 | |
下游 Downstream | D15 | 鼎新乡 Dingxin Town | 39°59ʹ | 100°06ʹ | 1,090 | |
下游 Downstream | D16 | 居延海 Juyan Lake | 40°55ʹ | 100°53ʹ | 890 | |
支流 Tributary | D17 | 梨园河 Liyuan River | 38°36ʹ | 100°16ʹ | 1,700 | |
支流 Tributary | D18 | 讨赖河 Taolai River | 39°18ʹ | 98°20ʹ | 2,063 | |
支流 Tributary | D19 | 解放村水库 Jiefangcun Reservoir | 39°38ʹ | 99°10ʹ | 1,325 | |
疏勒河 Shule River | 支流 Tributary | D20 | 石油河 Shiyou River | 39°42ʹ | 97°55ʹ | 1,420 |
上游 Upstream | D21 | 昌马水库 Changma Reservoir | 39°22ʹ | 97°20ʹ | 2,019 | |
上游 Upstream | D22 | 昌马乡 Changma Town | 39°45ʹ | 97°15ʹ | 1,859 | |
中游 Midstream | D23 | 玉门镇 Yumen Town | 40°16ʹ | 97°25ʹ | 1,337 | |
下游 Downstream | D24 | 双塔水库 Shuangta Reservoir | 40°28ʹ | 96°05ʹ | 1,304 | |
支流 Tributary | D25 | 党河 Danghe River | 39°28ʹ | 95°19ʹ | 1,338 |
表1 河西走廊地区鱼类资源调查断面位置信息表
Table 1 Location information of sampling sections of fish resources survey in Hexi Corridor
河流 River | 编号 Code | 断面名称 Section name | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 经度 Longitude (E) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
石羊河 Shiyang River | 支流 Tributary | D1 | 大靖河 Dajing River | 37°15ʹ | 103°19ʹ | 2,189 |
支流 Tributary | D2 | 古浪河 Gulang River | 36°56ʹ | 102°55ʹ | 2,216 | |
支流 Tributary | D3 | 黄羊河 Huangyang River | 37°00ʹ | 102°38ʹ | 2,180 | |
支流 Tributary | D4 | 杂木河 Zamu River | 37°10ʹ | 102°24ʹ | 2,674 | |
上游 Upstream | D5 | 西营河 Xiying River | 37°22ʹ | 102°07ʹ | 2,270 | |
下游 Downstream | D6 | 红崖山水库 Hongyashan Reservoir | 37°50ʹ | 102°50ʹ | 1,410 | |
下游 Downstream | D7 | 青土湖 Qingtu Lake | 38°32ʹ | 103°37ʹ | 1,307 | |
支流 Tributary | D8 | 金川河 Jinchuan River | 37°41ʹ | 101°41ʹ | 1,820 | |
黑河 Heihe River | 支流 Tributary | D9 | 阿柔乡 Arou Town | 37°39ʹ | 100°50ʹ | 2,603 |
上游 Upstream | D10 | 野牛沟乡 Yeniugou Town | 38°02ʹ | 99°55ʹ | 3,464 | |
上游 Upstream | D11 | 落鹰峡 Luoying Gorge | 38°11ʹ | 100°24ʹ | 1,930 | |
中游 Midstream | D12 | 土桥镇 Tuqiao Town | 38°42ʹ | 100°38ʹ | 1,920 | |
中游 Midstream | D13 | 高台乡 Gaotai Town | 38°59ʹ | 100°10ʹ | 1,336 | |
中游 Midstream | D14 | 正义峡 Zhengyi Gorge | 39°21ʹ | 99°56ʹ | 1,300 | |
下游 Downstream | D15 | 鼎新乡 Dingxin Town | 39°59ʹ | 100°06ʹ | 1,090 | |
下游 Downstream | D16 | 居延海 Juyan Lake | 40°55ʹ | 100°53ʹ | 890 | |
支流 Tributary | D17 | 梨园河 Liyuan River | 38°36ʹ | 100°16ʹ | 1,700 | |
支流 Tributary | D18 | 讨赖河 Taolai River | 39°18ʹ | 98°20ʹ | 2,063 | |
支流 Tributary | D19 | 解放村水库 Jiefangcun Reservoir | 39°38ʹ | 99°10ʹ | 1,325 | |
疏勒河 Shule River | 支流 Tributary | D20 | 石油河 Shiyou River | 39°42ʹ | 97°55ʹ | 1,420 |
上游 Upstream | D21 | 昌马水库 Changma Reservoir | 39°22ʹ | 97°20ʹ | 2,019 | |
上游 Upstream | D22 | 昌马乡 Changma Town | 39°45ʹ | 97°15ʹ | 1,859 | |
中游 Midstream | D23 | 玉门镇 Yumen Town | 40°16ʹ | 97°25ʹ | 1,337 | |
下游 Downstream | D24 | 双塔水库 Shuangta Reservoir | 40°28ʹ | 96°05ʹ | 1,304 | |
支流 Tributary | D25 | 党河 Danghe River | 39°28ʹ | 95°19ʹ | 1,338 |
图1 河西走廊地区鱼类调查断面布置图。调查断面编号信息见表1。
Fig.1 Distribution map of fish sampling section in Hexi Corridor. The information of the survey section codes is shown in Table 1.
物种 Species | 尾数 Number | 总重量 Total weight (g) | 尾数百分比 Percentage of number (%) | 重量百分比 Percentage of weight (%) | 出现断面百分比 Frequency of occurrence (%) | 相对重要性指数 IRI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis | 1,564 | 31,679.9 | 16.05 | 27.22 | 80 | 3,461.96 |
酒泉高原鳅 Triplophysa hsutschouensis | 799 | 4,111.6 | 8.20 | 3.53 | 88 | 1,032.57 |
鲫 Carassius auratus | 808 | 20,130.4 | 8.29 | 17.30 | 40 | 1,023.63 |
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva | 1,259 | 3,062.2 | 12.92 | 2.63 | 64 | 995.42 |
重穗唇高原鳅 Triplophysa papillosolabiatus | 952 | 4,546.8 | 9.77 | 3.91 | 68 | 930.11 |
长身高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuis | 811 | 3,265.4 | 8.32 | 2.81 | 56 | 623.27 |
马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens | 1,044 | 4,316.6 | 10.72 | 3.71 | 28 | 403.89 |
鲤 Cyprinus carpio | 31 | 12,398.8 | 0.32 | 10.65 | 36 | 395.00 |
鲇 Silurus asotus | 110 | 11,323.1 | 1.13 | 9.73 | 36 | 390.91 |
叶尔羌高原鳅 Triplophysa yarkandensis | 507 | 8,163.0 | 5.20 | 7.01 | 28 | 342.11 |
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis | 309 | 741.9 | 3.17 | 0.64 | 48 | 182.83 |
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus | 188 | 2,150.2 | 1.93 | 1.85 | 40 | 166.20 |
泥鳅 Oriental weatherfish | 131 | 907.4 | 1.34 | 0.78 | 44 | 101.96 |
黄河裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis pylzovi | 120 | 4,244.6 | 1.23 | 3.65 | 20 | 97.58 |
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus | 152 | 170.0 | 1.56 | 0.15 | 44 | 75.07 |
褐吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius brunneus | 82 | 34.1 | 0.84 | 0.03 | 44 | 38.32 |
小黄黝鱼 Hypseleotris swinhonis | 91 | 34.0 | 0.93 | 0.03 | 28 | 26.97 |
河鲈 Perca fluviatilis | 47 | 2,034.0 | 0.48 | 1.75 | 12 | 26.76 |
斯氏高原鳅 Triplophysa stoliczkai | 148 | 734.3 | 1.52 | 0.63 | 8 | 17.20 |
石羊河高原鳅 Triplophysa shiyangensis | 67 | 368.5 | 0.69 | 0.32 | 16 | 16.07 |
粗壮高原鳅 Triplophysa robusta | 101 | 505.1 | 1.04 | 0.43 | 4 | 11.77 |
北方花鳅 Cobitis granoei | 37 | 122.7 | 0.38 | 0.11 | 24 | 11.64 |
拉氏大吻鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii | 175 | 831.1 | 1.80 | 0.71 | 4 | 10.04 |
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 40 | 190.7 | 0.41 | 0.16 | 16 | 9.19 |
新疆高原鳅 Triplophysa strauchii | 22 | 112.0 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 16 | 5.15 |
中华细鲫 Aphyocypris chinensis | 105 | 64.9 | 1.08 | 0.06 | 4 | 4.53 |
武威高原鳅 Triplophysa wuweiensis | 20 | 102.0 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 8 | 2.34 |
大银鱼 Protosalanx chinensis | 22 | 27.6 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 4 | 1.00 |
怀头鲇 Silurus soldatovi | 1 | 3.6 | 0.01 | 0 | 4 | 0.05 |
总计 Total | 9,743 | 116,376.5 |
表2 河西走廊内陆河水系鱼类采集信息
Table 2 The fish collection information of interior drainage systems in Hexi Corridor
物种 Species | 尾数 Number | 总重量 Total weight (g) | 尾数百分比 Percentage of number (%) | 重量百分比 Percentage of weight (%) | 出现断面百分比 Frequency of occurrence (%) | 相对重要性指数 IRI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis | 1,564 | 31,679.9 | 16.05 | 27.22 | 80 | 3,461.96 |
酒泉高原鳅 Triplophysa hsutschouensis | 799 | 4,111.6 | 8.20 | 3.53 | 88 | 1,032.57 |
鲫 Carassius auratus | 808 | 20,130.4 | 8.29 | 17.30 | 40 | 1,023.63 |
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva | 1,259 | 3,062.2 | 12.92 | 2.63 | 64 | 995.42 |
重穗唇高原鳅 Triplophysa papillosolabiatus | 952 | 4,546.8 | 9.77 | 3.91 | 68 | 930.11 |
长身高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuis | 811 | 3,265.4 | 8.32 | 2.81 | 56 | 623.27 |
马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens | 1,044 | 4,316.6 | 10.72 | 3.71 | 28 | 403.89 |
鲤 Cyprinus carpio | 31 | 12,398.8 | 0.32 | 10.65 | 36 | 395.00 |
鲇 Silurus asotus | 110 | 11,323.1 | 1.13 | 9.73 | 36 | 390.91 |
叶尔羌高原鳅 Triplophysa yarkandensis | 507 | 8,163.0 | 5.20 | 7.01 | 28 | 342.11 |
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis | 309 | 741.9 | 3.17 | 0.64 | 48 | 182.83 |
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus | 188 | 2,150.2 | 1.93 | 1.85 | 40 | 166.20 |
泥鳅 Oriental weatherfish | 131 | 907.4 | 1.34 | 0.78 | 44 | 101.96 |
黄河裸裂尻鱼 Schizopygopsis pylzovi | 120 | 4,244.6 | 1.23 | 3.65 | 20 | 97.58 |
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus | 152 | 170.0 | 1.56 | 0.15 | 44 | 75.07 |
褐吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius brunneus | 82 | 34.1 | 0.84 | 0.03 | 44 | 38.32 |
小黄黝鱼 Hypseleotris swinhonis | 91 | 34.0 | 0.93 | 0.03 | 28 | 26.97 |
河鲈 Perca fluviatilis | 47 | 2,034.0 | 0.48 | 1.75 | 12 | 26.76 |
斯氏高原鳅 Triplophysa stoliczkai | 148 | 734.3 | 1.52 | 0.63 | 8 | 17.20 |
石羊河高原鳅 Triplophysa shiyangensis | 67 | 368.5 | 0.69 | 0.32 | 16 | 16.07 |
粗壮高原鳅 Triplophysa robusta | 101 | 505.1 | 1.04 | 0.43 | 4 | 11.77 |
北方花鳅 Cobitis granoei | 37 | 122.7 | 0.38 | 0.11 | 24 | 11.64 |
拉氏大吻鱥 Rhynchocypris lagowskii | 175 | 831.1 | 1.80 | 0.71 | 4 | 10.04 |
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus | 40 | 190.7 | 0.41 | 0.16 | 16 | 9.19 |
新疆高原鳅 Triplophysa strauchii | 22 | 112.0 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 16 | 5.15 |
中华细鲫 Aphyocypris chinensis | 105 | 64.9 | 1.08 | 0.06 | 4 | 4.53 |
武威高原鳅 Triplophysa wuweiensis | 20 | 102.0 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 8 | 2.34 |
大银鱼 Protosalanx chinensis | 22 | 27.6 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 4 | 1.00 |
怀头鲇 Silurus soldatovi | 1 | 3.6 | 0.01 | 0 | 4 | 0.05 |
总计 Total | 9,743 | 116,376.5 |
河流 River | 季节 Season | 优势种及相对重要性指数 Dominant species (relative importance index) |
---|---|---|
石羊河 Shiyang River | 春季 Spring | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (2,414.47)、麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva (1,654.78) |
夏季 Summer | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (3,720.07)、麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva (1,761.69)、鲤 Cyprinus carpio (1,355.11) | |
秋季 Autumn | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (5,414.87)、麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva (1,853.69) | |
黑河 Heihe River | 春季 Spring | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (3,135.01)、马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens (2,877.87)、鲫 Carassius auratus (1,677.85)、长身高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuis (1,219.14)、酒泉高原鳅 Triplophysa hsutschouensis (1,112.57) |
夏季 Summer | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (3,141.90)、鲫 Carassius auratus (1,948.15)、酒泉高原鳅 Triplophysa hsutschouensis (1,251.00)、马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens (1,081.71) | |
秋季 Autumn | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (3,409.75)、鲫 Carassius auratus (1,705.16)、酒泉高原鳅 Triplophysa hsutschouensis (1,442.00) | |
疏勒河 Shule River | 春季 Spring | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (2,351.35)、长身高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuis (1,516.77) |
夏季 Summer | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (2,695.88)、叶尔羌高原鳅 Triplophysa yarkandensis (2,643.41)、长身高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuis (2,418.67) | |
秋季 Autumn | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (2,079.29)、长身高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuis (1,722.46)、重穗唇高原鳅 Triplophysa papillosolabiatus (1,405.34)、叶尔羌高原鳅 Triplophysa yarkandensis (1,195.02) |
表3 河西走廊3条内陆河水系鱼类优势种和相对重要性指数
Table 3 Dominant species and relative importance index of the fish in interior drainage systems of Hexi Corridor
河流 River | 季节 Season | 优势种及相对重要性指数 Dominant species (relative importance index) |
---|---|---|
石羊河 Shiyang River | 春季 Spring | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (2,414.47)、麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva (1,654.78) |
夏季 Summer | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (3,720.07)、麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva (1,761.69)、鲤 Cyprinus carpio (1,355.11) | |
秋季 Autumn | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (5,414.87)、麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva (1,853.69) | |
黑河 Heihe River | 春季 Spring | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (3,135.01)、马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens (2,877.87)、鲫 Carassius auratus (1,677.85)、长身高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuis (1,219.14)、酒泉高原鳅 Triplophysa hsutschouensis (1,112.57) |
夏季 Summer | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (3,141.90)、鲫 Carassius auratus (1,948.15)、酒泉高原鳅 Triplophysa hsutschouensis (1,251.00)、马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens (1,081.71) | |
秋季 Autumn | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (3,409.75)、鲫 Carassius auratus (1,705.16)、酒泉高原鳅 Triplophysa hsutschouensis (1,442.00) | |
疏勒河 Shule River | 春季 Spring | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (2,351.35)、长身高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuis (1,516.77) |
夏季 Summer | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (2,695.88)、叶尔羌高原鳅 Triplophysa yarkandensis (2,643.41)、长身高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuis (2,418.67) | |
秋季 Autumn | 祁连裸鲤 Gymnocypris chilienensis (2,079.29)、长身高原鳅 Triplophysa tenuis (1,722.46)、重穗唇高原鳅 Triplophysa papillosolabiatus (1,405.34)、叶尔羌高原鳅 Triplophysa yarkandensis (1,195.02) |
河流 River | 采样断面 Sampling section | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D | F | H' | J' | D | F | H' | J' | D | F | H' | J' | ||
石羊河 Shiyang River | D1 | 0.538 | 0.651 | 0.881 | 0.801 | 0.487 | 0.670 | 0.613 | 0.558 | 0.537 | 0.690 | 0.742 | 0.676 |
D2 | 2.705 | 0.797 | 1.946 | 0.759 | 2.655 | 0.793 | 1.967 | 0.767 | 2.593 | 0.823 | 1.992 | 0.777 | |
D3 | 2.406 | 0.798 | 1.603 | 0.696 | 2.758 | 0.795 | 1.649 | 0.716 | 2.224 | 0.693 | 1.814 | 0.788 | |
D4 | 0.963 | 0.579 | 0.640 | 0.462 | 0.981 | 0.516 | 0.901 | 0.650 | 0.944 | 0.533 | 1.020 | 0.736 | |
D5 | 1.554 | 0.750 | 1.346 | 0.836 | 1.479 | 0.727 | 1.525 | 0.948 | 1.318 | 0.680 | 1.397 | 0.868 | |
D6 | 2.953 | 0.716 | 1.614 | 0.649 | 3.243 | 0.701 | 1.341 | 0.540 | 3.195 | 0.705 | 1.391 | 0.560 | |
D7 | 1.791 | 0.644 | 1.506 | 0.724 | 1.785 | 0.628 | 0.850 | 0.409 | 1.839 | 0.518 | 1.122 | 0.540 | |
D8 | 2.819 | 0.575 | 1.351 | 0.544 | 3.664 | 0.672 | 1.323 | 0.532 | 2.842 | 0.710 | 1.403 | 0.564 | |
小计 Subtotal | 1.966 | 0.689 | 1.361 | 0.684 | 2.132 | 0.688 | 1.271 | 0.640 | 1.936 | 0.669 | 1.360 | 0.688 | |
黑河 Heihe River | D9 | 1.153 | 0.687 | 1.329 | 0.826 | 1.070 | 0.690 | 1.255 | 0.780 | 1.160 | 0.699 | 1.311 | 0.814 |
D10 | 1.386 | 0.597 | 0.930 | 0.519 | 1.598 | 0.483 | 0.989 | 0.552 | 1.386 | 0.521 | 1.099 | 0.613 | |
D11 | 1.568 | 0.371 | 0.751 | 0.419 | 1.690 | 0.361 | 0.890 | 0.497 | 1.460 | 0.381 | 0.676 | 0.377 | |
D12 | 3.966 | 0.730 | 1.934 | 0.669 | 4.643 | 0.848 | 1.675 | 0.580 | 4.379 | 0.854 | 1.844 | 0.638 | |
D13 | 3.025 | 0.745 | 1.988 | 0.734 | 3.515 | 0.817 | 2.067 | 0.763 | 3.420 | 0.835 | 1.701 | 0.628 | |
D14 | 3.970 | 0.615 | 1.919 | 0.677 | 4.342 | 0.803 | 1.643 | 0.580 | 4.260 | 0.803 | 1.494 | 0.527 | |
D15 | 4.005 | 0.727 | 1.825 | 0.620 | 4.209 | 0.806 | 2.007 | 0.682 | 4.082 | 0.842 | 1.585 | 0.538 | |
D16 | 4.068 | 0.812 | 1.591 | 0.664 | 3.472 | 0.786 | 1.782 | 0.743 | 3.048 | 0.760 | 1.795 | 0.749 | |
D17 | 1.454 | 0.707 | 1.489 | 0.831 | 1.407 | 0.725 | 1.385 | 0.773 | 1.490 | 0.763 | 1.369 | 0.764 | |
D18 | 0.864 | 0.655 | 1.305 | 0.941 | 0.791 | 0.701 | 1.080 | 0.779 | 0.864 | 0.663 | 1.238 | 0.893 | |
D19 | 3.508 | 0.744 | 1.976 | 0.698 | 3.701 | 0.830 | 2.080 | 0.734 | 3.798 | 0.861 | 1.809 | 0.638 | |
小计 Subtotal | 2.633 | 0.672 | 1.549 | 0.691 | 2.767 | 0.714 | 1.532 | 0.678 | 2.668 | 0.726 | 1.447 | 0.653 | |
疏勒河 Shule River | D20 | 1.039 | 0.759 | 1.515 | 0.942 | 0.992 | 0.774 | 1.432 | 0.890 | 1.027 | 0.769 | 1.549 | 0.962 |
D21 | 1.036 | 0.667 | 1.212 | 0.753 | 1.045 | 0.676 | 1.272 | 0.790 | 0.990 | 0.687 | 1.300 | 0.808 | |
D22 | 0.728 | 0.639 | 1.237 | 0.892 | 0.791 | 0.646 | 1.043 | 0.752 | 0.738 | 0.710 | 1.257 | 0.907 | |
D23 | 1.134 | 0.773 | 1.219 | 0.680 | 1.192 | 0.799 | 1.232 | 0.688 | 1.167 | 0.780 | 1.245 | 0.695 | |
D24 | 3.008 | 0.865 | 2.050 | 0.777 | 2.710 | 0.700 | 2.006 | 0.760 | 2.942 | 0.854 | 1.780 | 0.675 | |
D25 | 1.413 | 0.752 | 1.429 | 0.798 | 1.145 | 0.557 | 1.538 | 0.858 | 1.322 | 0.731 | 1.150 | 0.642 | |
小计 Subtotal | 1.393 | 0.742 | 1.444 | 0.807 | 1.312 | 0.692 | 1.421 | 0.790 | 1.364 | 0.755 | 1.380 | 0.781 | |
水系总计 Total of river systems | 2.122 | 0.694 | 1.463 | 0.716 | 2.215 | 0.700 | 1.422 | 0.693 | 2.121 | 0.715 | 1.403 | 0.695 |
表4 河西走廊内陆河水系鱼类多样性指数
Table 4 Fish diversity indices in interior drainage systems of Hexi Corridor
河流 River | 采样断面 Sampling section | 春季 Spring | 夏季 Summer | 秋季 Autumn | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D | F | H' | J' | D | F | H' | J' | D | F | H' | J' | ||
石羊河 Shiyang River | D1 | 0.538 | 0.651 | 0.881 | 0.801 | 0.487 | 0.670 | 0.613 | 0.558 | 0.537 | 0.690 | 0.742 | 0.676 |
D2 | 2.705 | 0.797 | 1.946 | 0.759 | 2.655 | 0.793 | 1.967 | 0.767 | 2.593 | 0.823 | 1.992 | 0.777 | |
D3 | 2.406 | 0.798 | 1.603 | 0.696 | 2.758 | 0.795 | 1.649 | 0.716 | 2.224 | 0.693 | 1.814 | 0.788 | |
D4 | 0.963 | 0.579 | 0.640 | 0.462 | 0.981 | 0.516 | 0.901 | 0.650 | 0.944 | 0.533 | 1.020 | 0.736 | |
D5 | 1.554 | 0.750 | 1.346 | 0.836 | 1.479 | 0.727 | 1.525 | 0.948 | 1.318 | 0.680 | 1.397 | 0.868 | |
D6 | 2.953 | 0.716 | 1.614 | 0.649 | 3.243 | 0.701 | 1.341 | 0.540 | 3.195 | 0.705 | 1.391 | 0.560 | |
D7 | 1.791 | 0.644 | 1.506 | 0.724 | 1.785 | 0.628 | 0.850 | 0.409 | 1.839 | 0.518 | 1.122 | 0.540 | |
D8 | 2.819 | 0.575 | 1.351 | 0.544 | 3.664 | 0.672 | 1.323 | 0.532 | 2.842 | 0.710 | 1.403 | 0.564 | |
小计 Subtotal | 1.966 | 0.689 | 1.361 | 0.684 | 2.132 | 0.688 | 1.271 | 0.640 | 1.936 | 0.669 | 1.360 | 0.688 | |
黑河 Heihe River | D9 | 1.153 | 0.687 | 1.329 | 0.826 | 1.070 | 0.690 | 1.255 | 0.780 | 1.160 | 0.699 | 1.311 | 0.814 |
D10 | 1.386 | 0.597 | 0.930 | 0.519 | 1.598 | 0.483 | 0.989 | 0.552 | 1.386 | 0.521 | 1.099 | 0.613 | |
D11 | 1.568 | 0.371 | 0.751 | 0.419 | 1.690 | 0.361 | 0.890 | 0.497 | 1.460 | 0.381 | 0.676 | 0.377 | |
D12 | 3.966 | 0.730 | 1.934 | 0.669 | 4.643 | 0.848 | 1.675 | 0.580 | 4.379 | 0.854 | 1.844 | 0.638 | |
D13 | 3.025 | 0.745 | 1.988 | 0.734 | 3.515 | 0.817 | 2.067 | 0.763 | 3.420 | 0.835 | 1.701 | 0.628 | |
D14 | 3.970 | 0.615 | 1.919 | 0.677 | 4.342 | 0.803 | 1.643 | 0.580 | 4.260 | 0.803 | 1.494 | 0.527 | |
D15 | 4.005 | 0.727 | 1.825 | 0.620 | 4.209 | 0.806 | 2.007 | 0.682 | 4.082 | 0.842 | 1.585 | 0.538 | |
D16 | 4.068 | 0.812 | 1.591 | 0.664 | 3.472 | 0.786 | 1.782 | 0.743 | 3.048 | 0.760 | 1.795 | 0.749 | |
D17 | 1.454 | 0.707 | 1.489 | 0.831 | 1.407 | 0.725 | 1.385 | 0.773 | 1.490 | 0.763 | 1.369 | 0.764 | |
D18 | 0.864 | 0.655 | 1.305 | 0.941 | 0.791 | 0.701 | 1.080 | 0.779 | 0.864 | 0.663 | 1.238 | 0.893 | |
D19 | 3.508 | 0.744 | 1.976 | 0.698 | 3.701 | 0.830 | 2.080 | 0.734 | 3.798 | 0.861 | 1.809 | 0.638 | |
小计 Subtotal | 2.633 | 0.672 | 1.549 | 0.691 | 2.767 | 0.714 | 1.532 | 0.678 | 2.668 | 0.726 | 1.447 | 0.653 | |
疏勒河 Shule River | D20 | 1.039 | 0.759 | 1.515 | 0.942 | 0.992 | 0.774 | 1.432 | 0.890 | 1.027 | 0.769 | 1.549 | 0.962 |
D21 | 1.036 | 0.667 | 1.212 | 0.753 | 1.045 | 0.676 | 1.272 | 0.790 | 0.990 | 0.687 | 1.300 | 0.808 | |
D22 | 0.728 | 0.639 | 1.237 | 0.892 | 0.791 | 0.646 | 1.043 | 0.752 | 0.738 | 0.710 | 1.257 | 0.907 | |
D23 | 1.134 | 0.773 | 1.219 | 0.680 | 1.192 | 0.799 | 1.232 | 0.688 | 1.167 | 0.780 | 1.245 | 0.695 | |
D24 | 3.008 | 0.865 | 2.050 | 0.777 | 2.710 | 0.700 | 2.006 | 0.760 | 2.942 | 0.854 | 1.780 | 0.675 | |
D25 | 1.413 | 0.752 | 1.429 | 0.798 | 1.145 | 0.557 | 1.538 | 0.858 | 1.322 | 0.731 | 1.150 | 0.642 | |
小计 Subtotal | 1.393 | 0.742 | 1.444 | 0.807 | 1.312 | 0.692 | 1.421 | 0.790 | 1.364 | 0.755 | 1.380 | 0.781 | |
水系总计 Total of river systems | 2.122 | 0.694 | 1.463 | 0.716 | 2.215 | 0.700 | 1.422 | 0.693 | 2.121 | 0.715 | 1.403 | 0.695 |
图2 河西走廊3条内陆河鱼类多样性指数。D: Margalef丰富度指数; F: Simpson优势度指数; H': Shannon-Wiener多样性指数; J': Pielou均匀度指数。
Fig. 2 Fish diversity index in interior drainage systems of Hexi Corridor. D, Margalef richness index; F, Simpson dominance index; H', Shannon-Wiener diversity index; J', Pielou evenness index.
图3 基于Bray-Curtis相似度矩阵构建的河西走廊内陆河25个调查断面鱼类群落结构聚类树状图。调查断面编号信息见表1。
Fig. 3 The cluster tree of fish communities in 25 survey sections of inland rivers in Hexi Corridor based on Bray-Curtis similarity matrix. The information of the survey section codes in the figure is shown in Table 1.
图4 基于Bray-Curtis相似度矩阵构建的河西走廊内陆河25个调查断面鱼类群落结构聚类非度量多维尺度排序图。调查断面编号信息见表1。
Fig. 4 The non-metric multidimensional scale ordination plot of fish community structure in 25 survey sections of inland river in Hexi Corridor based on Bray-Curtis similarity matrix. The information of the survey section codes in the figure is shown in Table 1.
图5 河西走廊鱼类群落与环境因子之间的冗余分析图。T: 水温; DO: 溶解氧; TP: 总磷; TN: 总氮; NO‒2-N: 亚硝态氮; NH+4-N: 铵氮; CODCr: 化学需氧量。
Fig. 5 Redundant correspondence analysis diagram between fish communities and environmental factors in Hexi Corridor. T, Water temperature; DO, Dissolved oxygen; TP, Total phosphorus; TN, Total nitrogen; NO‒2-N, Nitrite nitrogen; NH+4-N, Ammonia nitrogen; CODCr, Chemical oxygen demand.
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