家养动物及其野生近缘种中文名与拉丁名使用建议

doi:10.17520/biods.2024293

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 24293. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024293 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024293

家养动物及其野生近缘种中文名与拉丁名使用建议

谢林哲¹^,²^,³, 彭旻晟¹^,²(), 韩建林⁴(), 方美英⁵, 吕锋骅⁵(), 陈宁博⁶(), 王国栋¹^,², 李钢⁷(), 尹婷婷¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传进化与动物模型全国重点实验室, 昆明 650223
2.中国科学院昆明动物研究所云南省畜禽分子生物学重点实验室, 昆明 650223
3.中国西南野生生物种质资源库, 昆明 650201
4.崖州湾国家实验室, 海南三亚 572000
5.中国农业大学动物科学技术学院, 北京 100193
6.西北农林科技大学动物科技学院陕西省动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
7.陕西师范大学生命科学学院, 西安 710119

收稿日期:2024-07-03 接受日期:2024-11-25 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2024-12-08
通讯作者: 尹婷婷
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2601200);第三次新疆综合科学考察(2022xjkk1500);云南省技术创新人才(202305AD160022);中国科学院青年促进会(2021389)

Suggestions on standardizing the use of Chinese and Latin names for domestic animals and their wild relatives

Xie Linzhe¹^,²^,³, Peng Minsheng¹^,²(), Han Jianlin⁴(), Fang Meiying⁵, Lü Fenghua⁵(), Chen Ningbo⁶(), Wang Guodong¹^,², Li Gang⁷(), Yin Tingting¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
2. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
3. Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
4. Yazhou Bay National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
5. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
6. Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
7. College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China

Received:2024-07-03 Accepted:2024-11-25 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2024-12-08
Contact: Yin Tingting
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2601200);The Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition(2022xjkk1500);Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202305AD160022);Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021389)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

家养动物及其野生近缘种是重要的战略生物资源, 对新品种选育、种业创新、野生动物保护至关重要。我国拥有丰富且独特的家养动物品种, 也是众多野生近缘种的现生分布地和家养动物驯化起源中心之一。家养动物及其野生近缘种的中文名和拉丁名用法混乱, 阻碍了战略生物资源的准确鉴定, 影响了有效的科研交流和科普宣传, 并容易造成重要战略生物资源的流失。本文通过检索国内外相关文献、网站, 调查了家养动物驯化起源历史最新的研究进展, 着重分析了家养动物及其野生近缘种的中文名、拉丁名、英文名的来源和使用情况, 并结合《国家重点保护野生动物名录(2021)》、中国生物多样性红色名录(2021)、《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(2023)》等官方文件和学术报告的有关物种名称的使用情况, 梳理了主要家养动物及其野生近缘种的名称在这3种语言间的对应关系, 在此基础上提出了适合国内使用的18种主要家养动物的中文名和拉丁名的使用建议。

关键词: 家养动物, 野生近缘种, 中文名, 拉丁名, 名称厘定

Abstract

Background & Aim: Domestic animals and their wild relatives are important biological resources crucial to the creation of new breeds, germplasm innovation and wildlife protection. China has abundant and unique domestic breeds and is one of the distributions of many wild relatives and the origin centers of animal domestication. The confusion in the usage of Chinese and Latin names for domestic animals and their wild relatives hinders the accurate identification of biological resources, impairs effective scientific research communication and science popularization, and contributes to the loss of vital biological resources.

Methods: We search online resources and official documents such as the List of State Key Protected Wild Animals (2021), threatened species listed on China’s Red List (2021), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (2023) among others. This information is used to investigate the history and origin of domesticating animals and the sources and use of names for domestic animals and their wild relatives in Chinese, English, and Latin languages.

Conclusion & Suggestions: We find four key principles: (1) The Latin names of domestic animals and wild relatives must consider their origin and domestication history. (2) The Chinese names of domestic animals and wild relatives should conform to the rules of taxonomy, using the names of official documents or related monographs is recommended. (3) The Latin name of offspring produced by the hybridization of species should be expressed by the Latin scientific name of the parent, and the order of the Latin name should be distinguished from the orthogonal or inverse cross. (4) International conventions, national laws and regulations, scientific reports, and other official documents shall be used first according to context.

Key words: domestic animal, wild relatives, Chinese name, Latin name, name determination

谢林哲, 彭旻晟, 韩建林, 方美英, 吕锋骅, 陈宁博, 王国栋, 李钢, 尹婷婷 (2025) 家养动物及其野生近缘种中文名与拉丁名使用建议. 生物多样性, 33, 24293. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024293.

Xie Linzhe, Peng Minsheng, Han Jianlin, Fang Meiying, Lü Fenghua, Chen Ningbo, Wang Guodong, Li Gang, Yin Tingting (2025) Suggestions on standardizing the use of Chinese and Latin names for domestic animals and their wild relatives. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24293. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024293.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024293

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I4/24293

图/表 1

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序号 Number	家养动物 Domestic animals		野生近缘种 Wild relatives
序号 Number	建议中文名 Suggested Chinese name	建议拉丁名 Suggested Latin name	建议中文名 Suggested Chinese name	建议拉丁名 Suggested Latin name
1	家鸡	Gallus gallus domesticus	红原鸡*	G. gallus
			绿原鸡	G. varius
			灰原鸡	G. sonneratii
			蓝喉原鸡	G. lafayetii
2	家犬	Canis lupus familiaris	狼*	C. lupus
			丛林狼	C. latrans
			亚洲胡狼*	C. aureus
3	家猪	Sus scrofa domesticus	野猪*	S. scrofa
4	普通牛	Bos taurus	普通原牛(原牛欧亚亚种)	B. primigenius primigenius
5	瘤牛	Bos indicus	瘤原牛(原牛南亚亚种)	B. primigenius mauretanicus
			爪哇野牛*	B. javanicus
			印度野牛*	B. gaurus
6	家牦牛	Bos mutus grunniens	野牦牛*	B. mutus
7	大额牛	Bos frontalis	印度野牛*	B. gaurus
8.1	家水牛(河流型)	Bubalus arnee bubalis	野水牛	B. arnee
8.2	家水牛(沼泽型)	Bubalus arnee carabanesis	野水牛	B. arnee
9	家绵羊	Ovis aries	亚洲摩弗伦羊	O. gmelini
			阿尔卡尔羊	O. orientalis
			阿尔泰盘羊*	O. ammon
			雪羊	O. nivicola
			小角羊	O. dalli
			大角羊	O. canadensis
10	家山羊	Capra hircus	野山羊	C. aegagrus
			捻角山羊	C. falconeri
			阿尔卑斯北山羊	C. ibex
			努比亚北山羊	C. nubiana
			北山羊*	C. sibirica
			西班牙北山羊	C. pyrenaica
			高加索北山羊	C. caucasica
			东高加索北山羊	C. cylindricornis
			瓦利亚北山羊	C. walie
11	家马	Equus ferus caballus	野马*	E. ferus
12	家驴	Equus africanus asinus	非洲野驴	E. africanus
13	家养双峰骆驼	Camelus bactrianus	双峰驼*	C. ferus
14	家兔	Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus	穴兔	O. cuniculus
15	家猫	Felis catus	野猫*	F. silvestris
16	家鸭	Anas platyrhynchos domesticus	绿头鸭*	A. platyrhynchos
17	家鹅	Anas anser domesticus (欧洲家鹅和中国伊犁鹅)	灰雁*	A. anser
17	家鹅	Anas cygnoides domesticus (除伊犁鹅外的中国家鹅)	鸿雁*	A. cygnoides
18	番鸭	Cairina moschata domesticus	疣鼻栖鸭	C. moschata

序号 Number	家养动物 Domestic animals		野生近缘种 Wild relatives
序号 Number	建议中文名 Suggested Chinese name	建议拉丁名 Suggested Latin name	建议中文名 Suggested Chinese name	建议拉丁名 Suggested Latin name
1	家鸡	Gallus gallus domesticus	红原鸡*	G. gallus
			绿原鸡	G. varius
			灰原鸡	G. sonneratii
			蓝喉原鸡	G. lafayetii
2	家犬	Canis lupus familiaris	狼*	C. lupus
			丛林狼	C. latrans
			亚洲胡狼*	C. aureus
3	家猪	Sus scrofa domesticus	野猪*	S. scrofa
4	普通牛	Bos taurus	普通原牛(原牛欧亚亚种)	B. primigenius primigenius
5	瘤牛	Bos indicus	瘤原牛(原牛南亚亚种)	B. primigenius mauretanicus
			爪哇野牛*	B. javanicus
			印度野牛*	B. gaurus
6	家牦牛	Bos mutus grunniens	野牦牛*	B. mutus
7	大额牛	Bos frontalis	印度野牛*	B. gaurus
8.1	家水牛(河流型)	Bubalus arnee bubalis	野水牛	B. arnee
8.2	家水牛(沼泽型)	Bubalus arnee carabanesis	野水牛	B. arnee
9	家绵羊	Ovis aries	亚洲摩弗伦羊	O. gmelini
			阿尔卡尔羊	O. orientalis
			阿尔泰盘羊*	O. ammon
			雪羊	O. nivicola
			小角羊	O. dalli
			大角羊	O. canadensis
10	家山羊	Capra hircus	野山羊	C. aegagrus
			捻角山羊	C. falconeri
			阿尔卑斯北山羊	C. ibex
			努比亚北山羊	C. nubiana
			北山羊*	C. sibirica
			西班牙北山羊	C. pyrenaica
			高加索北山羊	C. caucasica
			东高加索北山羊	C. cylindricornis
			瓦利亚北山羊	C. walie
11	家马	Equus ferus caballus	野马*	E. ferus
12	家驴	Equus africanus asinus	非洲野驴	E. africanus
13	家养双峰骆驼	Camelus bactrianus	双峰驼*	C. ferus
14	家兔	Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus	穴兔	O. cuniculus
15	家猫	Felis catus	野猫*	F. silvestris
16	家鸭	Anas platyrhynchos domesticus	绿头鸭*	A. platyrhynchos
17	家鹅	Anas anser domesticus (欧洲家鹅和中国伊犁鹅)	灰雁*	A. anser
17	家鹅	Anas cygnoides domesticus (除伊犁鹅外的中国家鹅)	鸿雁*	A. cygnoides
18	番鸭	Cairina moschata domesticus	疣鼻栖鸭	C. moschata

家养动物及其野生近缘种中文名与拉丁名使用建议

Suggestions on standardizing the use of Chinese and Latin names for domestic animals and their wild relatives

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