西江流域大型底栖无脊椎动物物种多样性及维持机制

doi:10.17520/biods.2023499

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 23499. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023499 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2023499

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

西江流域大型底栖无脊椎动物物种多样性及维持机制

白雪¹^,⁶(), 李正飞¹^,^*()(), 刘洋¹^,⁶, 张君倩¹(), 张多鹏¹(), 罗鑫², 杨佳莉¹^,⁶, 杜丽娜³, 蒋玄空⁴(), 武瑞文⁵(), 谢志才¹^,^*()()

1.中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室, 武汉 430072
2.天津市水产研究所, 天津 300221
3.广西师范大学生命科学学院, 广西桂林 541001
4.贵州科学院贵州省生物研究所, 贵阳 550009
5.山西师范大学生命科学学院, 太原 030031
6.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2023-12-28 接受日期:2024-06-01 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-06-24
通讯作者: *E-mail: lizhengfei@ihb.ac.cn; zhcxie@ihb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家科学技术基础研究计划专项基金(2019FY101903);国家自然科学基金(32271664);国家自然科学基金(32301370)

Species diversity and maintenance mechanisms of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Xijiang River

Xue Bai¹^,⁶(), Zhengfei Li¹^,^*()(), Yang Liu¹^,⁶, Junqian Zhang¹(), Duopeng Zhang¹(), Xin Luo², Jiali Yang¹^,⁶, Lina Du³, Xuankong Jiang⁴(), Ruiwen Wu⁵(), Zhicai Xie¹^,^*()()

1. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
2. Fisheries Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300221, China
3. School of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
4. Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550009, China
5. School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
6. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2023-12-28 Accepted:2024-06-01 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-06-24
Contact: *E-mail: lizhengfei@ihb.ac.cn; zhcxie@ihb.ac.cn
Supported by:
Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(2019FY101903);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271664);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301370)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为我国第三大河流珠江的主支, 西江孕育了丰富且独特的生物多样性。受多重人为压力影响, 流域内生物多样性日渐降低。然而, 人们对西江底栖动物物种多样性格局及维持机制的认识明显不足。本研究基于历史文献调研和2021-2023年现场调查, 系统评估了西江主要水体底栖动物物种多样性, 厘定和编撰物种名录, 甄别驱动群落结构变化的关键因子及受胁因素, 并提出保护对策。结合历史文献和实地调查, 共记录大型底栖无脊椎动物5门10纲33目150科437属704种(历史记录506种, 2021-2023年调查记录352种), 中国特有种占比高达26%。现场调查结果显示, 全流域底栖动物的平均密度和平均生物量分别为437.53 ind./m²和38.65 g/m²。全流域的优势种为长足摇蚊属一种(Tanypus sp.)、雕翅摇蚊属一种(Glyptotendipes sp.)、纹沼螺(Parafossarulus striatulus)和河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)。支流、干流和湖泊的底栖动物群落结构差异显著, 支流的物种丰富度、Simpson优势度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均高于干流和湖泊。典范对应分析显示, 海拔、电导率、高锰酸盐指数等环境因子和空间因子是影响群落结构的重要因素。方差分解表明, 支流和湖泊的群落主要受环境过滤驱动, 而干流的群落主要受空间过程(质量效应)的影响。流域内的多重人类活动(航运业、大型水利设施、挖沙业、水体污染、土地无序开发利用和外来种入侵等)严重威胁底栖动物多样性。建议采取相应对策, 包括打击过度捕捞、管控挖沙业、恢复湖滨带以维持水文自然节律、控制污染物排放以及科学防控外来入侵种等。

关键词: 西江, 底栖动物, 物种多样性, 维持机制, 保护措施

Abstract

Aims The Xijiang River, renowned for its rich freshwater biodiversity and endemism, presents an intriguing yet understudied ecosystem. This study aims to elucidate the species diversity patterns and underlying mechanisms maintaining macroinvertebrate communities in this mega river. Drawing from published literature and an extensive field survey conducted from 2021 to 2023, our objectives include compiling a comprehensive species checklist, identifying ecological drivers shaping community structure, and proposing conservation strategies.

Methods Macroinvertebrates were sampled from key water bodies within the Xijiang River, including main stream, tributaries, and plateau lakes from the years 2021 to 2023. One-way ANOVA was employed to analyze species diversity indices across different water bodies. PERMANOVA (permutational multivariate analysis of variance) and PCoA (principal co-ordinates analysis) were used to assess community structure variation, while canonical correspondence analysis and variation partitioning identify potential key factors influencing macroinvertebrate community organization.

Results A total of 704 species from 437 genera, representing 150 families across 10 orders and 5 phyla, were documented (combining 506 historical records with 352 findings from 2021 to 2023). The proportion of species endemic to China reaches as high as 26% of the total number of species. The average density and biomass in the present survey period were 437.53 ind./m² and 38.65 g/m², respectively. Tanypus sp., Glyptotendipes sp., Parafossarulus striatulus and Corbicula flumineaemerged as the dominant species. Species richness and diversity indices were highest in tributaries, followed by the main stream and lakes. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that a combination of environmental factors (e.g., altitude, conductivity and chemical oxygen demand with permanganate) and spatial factors jointly influenced macroinvertebrate community structure. Moreover, variation partitioning highlighted the dominance of environmental factors in tributaries and lakes, while spatial factors predominantly influenced main stream communities.

Conclusion This study presents the most comprehensive inventory of macroinvertebrates in the Xijiang River to date, showcasing its significance as a global biodiversity hotspot. Despite the region’s rich macroinvertebrate biodiversity, anthropogenic pressures have led to a decline in species richness. To safeguard and restore macroinvertebrate diversity and endemism, proactive conservation measures are imperative. Strategies should include curbing overfishing, regulating illicit mining practices, restoring natural hydrological patterns and riparian zones, mitigating point and non-point source pollution, and preventing the encroachment of non-native species.

Key words: Xijiang River, macroinvertebrates, species diversity, maintenance mechanisms, conservation measures

白雪, 李正飞, 刘洋, 张君倩, 张多鹏, 罗鑫, 杨佳莉, 杜丽娜, 蒋玄空, 武瑞文, 谢志才 (2024) 西江流域大型底栖无脊椎动物物种多样性及维持机制. 生物多样性, 32, 23499. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023499.

Xue Bai, Zhengfei Li, Yang Liu, Junqian Zhang, Duopeng Zhang, Xin Luo, Jiali Yang, Lina Du, Xuankong Jiang, Ruiwen Wu, Zhicai Xie (2024) Species diversity and maintenance mechanisms of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Xijiang River. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23499. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023499.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023499

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I7/23499

图/表 9

图1 西江大型底栖无脊椎动物调查样点分布图

Fig.1 Location of sampling sites for benthic macroinvertebrates in the Xijiang River

表1 西江主要水体环境因子的均值和标准差

Table 1 Mean value and standard deviation of environmental variables among the main water bodies in the Xijiang River

	干流 Main stream	支流 Tributary	湖泊 Lake	F	P
海拔 Altitude (m)	553.781 ± 670.88^c	274.31 ± 357.87^b	1,639.46 ± 160.75^a	35.95	< 0.001
水温 Water temperature (℃)	21.13 ± 2.50^b	20.70 ± 2.74^a	23.49 ± 3.28^a	5.93	< 0.001
电导率 Electric conductivity (μS/cm)	364.60 ± 118.04^b	189.71 ± 154.16^c	630.38 ± 115.04^a	59.67	< 0.001
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	7.90 ± 0.95	7.36 ± 1.43	7.94 ± 1.37	2.12	0.130
水深 Water depth (m)	3.88 ± 5.47	3.04 ± 3.86	5.94 ± 7.72	1.45	0.239
pH	7.89 ± 0.16^b	7.41 ± 0.44^c	8.61 ± 0.26^a	86.95	< 0.001
高锰酸盐指数 COD_Mn(mg/L)	1.59 ± 1.20^b	1.53 ± 0.47^b	16.26 ± 16.68^a	30.73	< 0.001
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	1.49 ± 0.68	1.63 ± 0.50	2.13 ± 2.29	2.03	0.138
硝态氮 Nitric nitrogen (mg/L)	2.44 ± 1.34^a	1.54 ± 0.56^b	0.77 ± 0.73^c	16.91	< 0.001
铵氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg/L)	0.44 ± 1.32	0.24 ± 0.03	0.41 ± 0.43	0.38	0.680
盐度 Salinity (‰)	0.10 ± 0.05^b	0.05 ± 0.03^c	0.25 ± 0.10^a	67.41	< 0.001
总磷 Total phosphorus (mg/L)	0.18 ± 0.35	0.08 ± 0.04	0.10 ± 0.10	1.58	0.210

图2 西江大型底栖无脊椎动物物种组成

Fig. 2 Species composition of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Xijiang River

图3 2021年西江主要水体大型底栖无脊椎动物物种组成

Fig. 3 Species composition of benthic macroinvertebrates recorded in main water bodies in the Xijiang River in 2021

图4 西江主要水体大型底栖无脊椎动物群落密度、生物量及多样性指数的差异。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; NS: P > 0.05。

Fig. 4 Comparation of density, biomass and diversity indices of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in main water bodies in the Xijiang River. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; NS, P > 0.05.

表2 西江主要水体大型底栖无脊椎动物优势种百分比

Table 2 The relative density percentage of dominant species of benthic macroinvertebrates in main water bodies in the Xijiang River

物种 Species	西江 Xijiang River (%)	干流 Main stream (%)	支流 Tributary (%)	湖泊 Lake (%)
苏氏尾鳃蚓 Branchiura sowerbyi	-	6.4	-	-
水丝蚓属一种 Limnodrilus sp.	-	-	-	6.2
蜾蠃蜚属一种 Corophium sp.	-	6.3	-	-
米虾属一种 Caridina sp.	-	7.2	-	-
摇蚊属一种 Chironomus sp.	-	-	7.8	-
长足摇蚊属一种 Tanypus sp.	17.2	-	-	42.9
多足摇蚊属一种 Polypedilum sp.	-	7.9	-	-
雕翅摇蚊属一种 Glyptotendipes sp.	5.2	-	-	12.9
石田螺属一种 Sinotaia sp.	-	5.8	-	-
膀胱螺属一种 Physa sp.	-	5.0	-	-
纹沼螺 Parafossarulus striatulus	7.2	-	-	17.3
越南沟蜷 Sulcospira tonkiniana	-	-	5.7	-
河蚬 Corbicula fluminea	6.2	-	14.4	-
湖沼股蛤 Limnoperna lacustris	-	-	7.1	-

图5 西江主要水体大型底栖无脊椎动物PCoA分析图

Fig. 5 Principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) of macroinvertebrates in main water bodies in the Xijiang River

图6 西江主要水体大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构与环境和空间因子的典范对应分析(CCA)排序图。PCNM1、PCNM2、PCNM3、PCNM4、PCNM6、PCNM7代表大尺度空间因子, PCNM12、PCNM18、PCNM21、PCNM35代表小尺度空间因子。

Fig. 6 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination plots presenting the relationship between benthic macroinvertebrate communities and significant environmental and spatial factors in main water bodies in the Xijiang River. PCNM1, PCNM2, PCNM3, PCNM4, PCNM6, and PCNM7 are large-scale spatial factors; PCNM12, PCNM18, PCNM21, and PCNM35 are small-scale spatial factors.

图7 环境因子和空间因子对西江主要水体底栖动物群落结构的相对影响。* P < 0.05。

Fig. 7 Relative contribution of environmental and spatial factors on the macroinvertebrate communities structure in main water bodies across the Xijiang River. * P < 0.05.

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西江流域大型底栖无脊椎动物物种多样性及维持机制

Species diversity and maintenance mechanisms of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Xijiang River

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