生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24575.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024575  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024575

• 昆蒙框架如何在中国体制下成为主流工作目标专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023‒2030年)》与《昆蒙框架》的协同与差异

姜雪原1, 徐嘉忆1*, 盛学敏2, 朱源3   

  1. 1. 北京绿研公益发展中心, 北京 100062; 2. 南开大学周恩来政府管理学院, 天津 300350; 3. 生态环境部对外合作与交流中心, 北京 100035
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19 修回日期:2025-04-02 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-04-11
  • 通讯作者: 徐嘉忆

Synergies and differences between the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023‒2030) and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Xueyuan Jiang1, Jiayi Xu1*, Xuemin Sheng2, Yuan Zhu3   

  1. 1 Beijing Greenovation Institute for Public Welfare Development, Beijing 100062, China 

    2 Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China 

    3 Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100035, China

  • Received:2024-12-19 Revised:2025-04-02 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-04-11
  • Contact: Jiayi Xu

摘要: 国家生物多样性战略和行动计划(National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, NBSAP)是联合国《生物多样性公约》的重要执行机制。本文从战略、行动、保障措施3个层面对比分析了《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023‒2030年)》(简称更新版中国NBSAP)与《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(简称《昆蒙框架》)的协同和差异。对比发现, 更新版中国NBSAP在战略层面与《昆蒙框架》一致, 都以“与自然和谐共生”为治理最高目标, 同时中国基于国情提出阶段性目标和指导原则; 在行动层面, 两者的行动目标整体协同程度较高, 差异主要体现在目标量化程度、目标优先级、行动方向、行动核心要素等方面; 在保障措施层面, 更新版中国NBSAP从国家维度提出一系列保障措施, 呼应《昆蒙框架》的同时做出更为具体的安排。更新版中国NBSAP与《昆蒙框架》的协同可以推动中国生物多样性治理体系进一步完善, 促进中国生物多样性实践与国际接轨。两者的差异反映出中国生物多样性治理存在提升空间, 也为全球生物多样性治理贡献中国智慧。其中, 生态产品价值实现优先行动旨在解决保护与发展的难题, 围绕生物多样性为人类提供的多种服务和产品的价值建立一套评估和转化体系, 使其可衡量、可交易、可变现, 进而激励企业和市场以可持续的方式利用自然资源, 使资金流向生物多样性的保护和可持续利用, 为生物多样性在经济系统的主流化提出创新的解决方案。在此基础上, 对更新版中国NBSAP的落实和优化提出建议, 以期助力《昆蒙框架》执行进度的全球审查进程。

关键词: 国家生物多样性战略和行动计划(NBSAP), 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架, 生态产品价值实现, 全球生物多样性治理

Abstract

Background & Aims: Developing a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) is an important implementation mechanism under the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. To maintain consistency with the global targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) and provide an updated guidance to domestic conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, China officially released the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023‒2030) (China’s updated NBSAP) in January 2024, which is one of the first parties to submit an update in accordance with the KMGBF. We compared the action-oriented targets of China’s updated NBSAP and the KMGBF to understand their synergies and differences. Based on the core elements of global targets, the degree of synergy between the two is divided into four categories, according to the coverage of core elements. 

Findings: This paper reveals that the China’s updated NBSAP aligns strategically with the KMGBF, however China has adapted its approach by proposing phased objectives and guiding principles tailored to its national context. At the action level, both documents demonstrate high overall synergy in their targets, though differences emerge in quantitative benchmarks, priority-setting, action pathways, and core elements. The alignment between the China’s updated NBSAP and the KMGBF can enhance China’s biodiversity governance system and foster international convergence in biodiversity practices. While their disparities highlight gaps in China’s current governance framework, they also offer globally relevant insights. Notably, the “ecological product value realization” initiative exemplifies China’s innovative approach to reconciling conservation and development. By establishing a system to quantify and trade the diverse services and products derived from biodiversity, this mechanism incentivizes sustainable natural resource use by markets and businesses, channels funding toward conservation, and advances biodiversity mainstreaming in economic systems—presenting a unique solution. Building on this analysis, the paper proposes recommendations to optimize the implementation of China’s updated NBSAP, aiming to support both domestic execution and the global review process of the KMGBF’s progress.

Key words: National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, ecological product value realization, global biodiversity governance