生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 25062.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2025062  cstr: 32101.14.biods.2025062

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇    下一篇

高寒草甸α与β多样性对增温的响应受海拔和土壤养分水平调控

李燚1,2, 赵艳超1, 陈立同1*   

  1. 1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810008; 2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18 修回日期:2025-05-19 接受日期:2025-10-21 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2026-01-09
  • 通讯作者: 陈立同

Responses of α and β diversity of alpine meadows to warming were modulated strongly by elevations and soil nutrients

Yi Li1,2, Yanchao Zhao1, Litong Chen1*   

  1. 1 Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China 

    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

  • Received:2025-02-18 Revised:2025-05-19 Accepted:2025-10-21 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2026-01-09
  • Contact: LiTong Chen

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摘要： 青藏高原是全球气候变暖的敏感区, 且表现出海拔依赖性的增温特点。全球气候变暖会通过改变土壤水分和养分来影响群落植物多样性及其组成。因此, 为准确理解、把握与预测未来全球变暖情景下青藏高原高寒草甸生物多样性的变化趋势与规律, 本文以祁连山北麓高寒草甸为研究对象, 基于低(3,200 m)、中(3,700 m)、高(4,050 m)3个海拔的“增温-养分添加”实验平台, 于2021–2024年在生长季进行了群落物种组成调查, 以探究不同海拔群落多样性与组成对增温和养分添加的响应。结果表明: (1) α多样性对增温的响应具有海拔差异性, 即在低海拔不变、在中海拔降低而在高海拔升高。养分添加影响了α多样性对增温的响应, 其主要是通过改变群落不同功能群植物的物种丰富度或相对多度实现的, 且具有海拔差异。具体而言, 在养分添加条件下, 增温降低了低海拔豆科和禾草、中海拔禾草、莎草和杂类草植物的丰富度, 而增加了高海拔禾草和杂类草植物的丰富度及其相对多度。(2) 群落β多样性对增温的响应同样依赖于海拔, 并受到养分添加的调节。单独增温显著降低了高海拔群落β多样性, 但是在养分添加的条件下, 增温使得中海拔群落β多样性降低, 而高海拔群落β多样性增加。因此, 在未来全球变暖情境下, 为了更准确地预测生物多样性对全球变暖的响应, 必须要考虑不同地点的基线环境条件, 例如土壤水分和养分状况对生物多样性响应增温的影响。

关键词: α多样性, β多样性, 相对多度, 增温, 氮添加, 磷添加, 海拔, 青藏高原

Abstract

Aims: In this study, we aimed to test whether the responses of the community diversity and composition of alpine meadows were influenced by elevations and soil nutrient availability. 

Methods: Based on a warming (OTCs) and nutrient addition (nitrogen and phosphorus) experiment across elevations (3,200 m, 3,700 m, 4,050 m), plant community surveys were conducted from 2021 to 2024, and alpha (α) and beta (β) diversity metrics and relative abundance of four functional groups were calculated. The linear mixed effects model, permutation multivariance analysis, one- and two-way ANOVAs, and Tukey’s HSD test were used to analyze the effects of warming and nutrient addition on the community α and β diversity. 

Results: (1) The effects of warming on α diversity were elevation-dependent, showing no significant effects on it at 3,200 m, and reducing it at 3,700 m, and increasing it at 4050 m. Meanwhile, nutrients addition also markedly influenced the responses of α diversity to warming by changing species richness and/or relative abundance of different functional groups. Specifically, under nutrient addition conditions, warming reduced the richness of legumes and grasses at 3,200 m, grasses, sedges, and forbs at 3,700 m, while increased the richness and relative abundance of grasses and forbs at 4,050 m. (2) Similarly, the responses of β diversity to warming were affected by elevations, and nutrients addition regulated such responses. For instance, warming significantly reduced β diversity at 4,050 m; by contrast, under nutrient addition conditions, warming reduced it at 3,700 m and increased it at 4,050 m, respectively. 

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that elevations and soil nutrients strongly regulate the responses of alpine meadow diversity to warming through species richness and/or the relative abundance of four functional groups. Therefore, to more accurately predict the biodiversity response to global warming in the future, it is essential to consider the baseline environmental conditions (e.g., soil moisture and nutrients).

Key words: α diversity, β diversity, relative abundance, warming, nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, elevation, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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