生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 24512.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024512

• 保护与治理对策 • 上一篇    下一篇

金融支持生物多样性路径探析:国内外创新经验和政策启示

赵丹阳, 殷昕媛, 白韫雯   

  1. 北京绿色金融与可持续发展研究院,北京 101199
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-30 修回日期:2025-09-03 接受日期:2025-10-21 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 白韫雯

Exploring the pathways of biodiversity finance: innovative experiences and policy insights from home and abroad

Danyang Zhao, Xinyuan Yin,Yunwen Bai*   

  1. Institute of Fiance and Sustainability, Beijing 101199
  • Received:2024-11-30 Revised:2025-09-03 Accepted:2025-10-21 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: Yunwen Bai

摘要: 随着《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》的达成,资金动员在全球生物多样性治理体系中的战略地位显著上升。《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2023−2030年)》首次系统提出“到2030年基本建立多元化投融资机制”的目标,标志着生物多样性金融支持体系迈入制度化建设新阶段。本文基于政策文本梳理与金融实践归纳,构建了“政策支持维度—金融工具类型”双维度分析框架,系统梳理我国在生物多样性金融支持方面的政策部署、工具分类与属性特征。研究发现,我国在五类政策支持维度上逐步形成了引导型、激励型与强制型相结合的支持机制,金融工具体系也呈现出绿色信贷、绿色债券、生态补偿、混合融资与生态产品抵质押等多元路径。进一步地,本文重点剖析了国内外在混合融资、生物多样性挂钩机制和市场化生态补偿等三类创新机制方面的运作逻辑与现实挑战,尝试为金融支持生物多样性提供多元化投融资路径与制度经验。本文有助于把握我国生物多样性金融支持机制的结构逻辑与制度演进趋势,并为政策优化与金融产品设计提供理论支撑与实践参考。 建议:本文提出制定明确的生物多样性金融标准和目录,以引导投资者降低识别成本;鼓励开发基于GEP和生态绩效的金融产品,创新环境权益抵押、混合融资与EOD等服务模式,提升对生物多样性项目的支持能力;强化生物多样性相关的风险管理和信息披露,以增强私营部门投资信心等政策建议。通过这些措施,旨在建立稳定且可持续的资金流动,推动生物多样性在经济、政策和社会各领域的全面主流化。

关键词: 生物多样性金融, 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》, 资源调动, 投融资机制

Abstract

Background & Aim: With the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, resource mobilization has been elevated to a strategic priority in global biodiversity governance. China’s Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023–2030) explicitly sets the goal of “basically establishing a diversified investment and financing mechanism by 2030,” signaling a new stage in institutionalizing biodiversity finance. This paper aims to analyze China's biodiversity finance system through a structured lens, drawing on policy frameworks and practical experience to examine both domestic development and international innovations. 

Review Results: This study builds a framework linking policy support dimensions with financial instrument types to analyze China’s biodiversity finance system. It identifies five key policy areas shaping a mix of directive, incentive-based, and mandatory tools. Core instruments include green credit, green bonds, ecological compensation, blended finance, and asset-based financing. The paper also examines three emerging approaches and their implementation challenges. 

Recommendations: Based on the challenges above, the paper proposes several policy recommendations: establishing biodiversity investment and financing support catalog along with financial standards to reduce identification costs for investors, promote GEP and ecological performance-based financial products, and innovate models such as environmental asset collateral, blended finance, and EOD to strengthen support for biodiversity projects, and strengthening biodiversity-related risk management and information disclosure to enhance private sector investment confidence. Through these measures, the aim is to establish stable and sustainable financial flows, promoting biodiversity mainstreaming in economic, policy, and social domains.

Key words: Biodiversity Finance, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Resource Mobilization, Investment and financing model