西双版纳热带季节雨林木本植物的beta多样性: 空间、环境与林分结构的作用

doi:10.17520/biods.2024285

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 24285. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024285 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024285

西双版纳热带季节雨林木本植物的beta多样性: 空间、环境与林分结构的作用

施国杉¹(), 刘峰², 曹光宏³, 陈典³, 夏尚文¹(), 邓云¹^,⁴(), 王彬⁵(), 杨效东¹(), 林露湘¹^,⁴^,^*()()

1.中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室, 昆明 650223
2.云南省林业和草原科学院, 昆明 650204
3.纳板河流域国家级自然保护区管理局, 云南景洪 666100
4.云南西双版纳森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 云南勐腊 666303
5.云南大学生态与环境学院, 昆明 650504

收稿日期:2024-07-01 接受日期:2024-10-15 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-12-20
通讯作者: *E-mail: linluxa@xtbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金云南省联合基金(U1902203);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB31030000);国家自然科学基金委员会与联合国环境规划署合作研究项目(42061144005)

Beta diversity of woody plants in a tropical seasonal rainforest at Xishuangbanna: Roles of space, environment, and forest stand structure

Guoshan Shi¹(), Feng Liu², Guanghong Cao³, Dian Chen³, Shangwen Xia¹(), Yun Deng¹^,⁴(), Bin Wang⁵(), Xiaodong Yang¹(), Luxiang Lin¹^,⁴^,^*()()

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
2. Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650204, China
3. Administration Bureau of Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China
4. National Forest Ecosystem Research Station at Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
5. School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China

Received:2024-07-01 Accepted:2024-10-15 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-12-20
Contact: *E-mail: linluxa@xtbg.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Province(U1902203);Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31030000);NSFC China-UNEP Grant(42061144005)

1. 附录.pdf(953KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Beta多样性能够度量物种组成的时空变化格局, 其驱动因子(例如空间与环境)一直是生态学研究的热点之一。然而, 林分结构作为森林群落重要的特征参数, 其对木本植物beta多样性的驱动作用还知之甚少。本研究以云南纳板河热带季节雨林20 ha动态样地的木本植物为研究对象, 在不同取样尺度将beta多样性分解为物种周转组分和物种丰富度差异组分, 通过基于距离矩阵的多元回归分析和方差分解, 解析空间、环境和林分结构在beta多样性及其两个组分格局形成中的相对作用。结果表明: (1) Beta多样性、物种周转组分和物种丰富度差异组分随取样尺度的增大而减小, 物种周转组分始终在beta多样性构成中占主导部分。(2)环境距离对beta多样性和物种周转组分具有相对较高的解释率, 随着取样尺度增大, 单纯的环境距离对beta多样性的解释率从8.8%增长到23.9%, 对物种周转组分的解释率从5.1%增长到26.5%; 而环境距离对物种丰富度差异组分几乎没有作用。(3)不同取样尺度林分结构距离对beta多样性均具有相对较高的解释率(11.3%‒25.1%), 并且对物种周转组分和物种丰富度差异组分始终保持一定的解释率。同时, 无论是否包含林分结构距离作为解释变量, 单纯的空间距离对beta多样性及其两个组分的解释率都很低。本研究支持环境过滤对beta多样性和物种周转组分的相对重要性随着取样尺度的增大而增大的观点, 同时发现扩散限制在局域尺度beta多样性格局形成中的作用却十分有限。本研究进一步揭示了能够指示光的可利用性和异质性的林分结构, 与地形、土壤等其他环境因子一样, 也是beta多样性格局形成的重要驱动力, 建议未来深入研究林分结构在木本植物多样性格局形成中的作用机制。

关键词: 物种周转组分, 物种丰富度差异组分, 环境过滤, 扩散限制, 方差分解, 取样尺度

Abstract

Aims: Beta diversity measures the pattern of spatial and temporal changes in species composition. The factors driving beta diversity, such as spatial distance and environment conditions, are key topics in ecological research. However, as an important characteristic parameter of forest community, the driving effect of forest stand structure in shaping woody plants beta diversity remains largely unexplored. This study aims to address the contribution of forest stand structure, alongside space and environment, to beta diversity and its components.

Methods: Focusing on woody plants in the 20 ha tropical seasonal rainforest dynamics plot in Nabanhe, Yunnan, this study decomposed beta diversity into two components: Species turnover and species richness difference, across different sampling scales. By using multivariate regression based on distance matrices and variance partitioning, we revealed the relative contributions of spatial, environmental, and forest stand structure factors in shaping beta diversity and its two components.

Results: The results showed that: (1) beta diversity and its species turnover component and species richness difference component decreased with the increase increasing sampling scale, with species turnover consistently dominating beta diversity. (2) Environmental distance had a relatively high explanatory power for beta diversity and its species turnover component, with its influence increasing from 8.8% to 23.9% for beta diversity and from 5.1% to 26.5% for species turnover as the sampling scale expanded. However, environmental distance had little effect on species richness difference component. (3) Forest stand structure demonstrated relatively high explanatory power for beta diversity (11.3%‒25.1%) and maintained a certain degree of explanatory power for both species turnover component and species richness difference component across all scales. At the same time, pure spatial distance, whether or not stand structure was included, had a low explanatory power for beta diversity and its components.

Conclusion: This study supports the viewpoint that the relative importance of environmental filtering in beta diversity, particularly the species turnover component, increases with sampling scale. In contrast, dispersal limitation plays a limited role at local scales. This study further reveals that forest stand structure indicating the light availability and heterogeneity is also an important driving force for beta diversity, similar to environmental factors such as topography and soil. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which stand structure influence woody plant beta diversity in the future.

Key words: species turnover component, species richness difference component, environmental filtering, dispersal limitation, variation partitioning, sampling scales

施国杉, 刘峰, 曹光宏, 陈典, 夏尚文, 邓云, 王彬, 杨效东, 林露湘 (2024) 西双版纳热带季节雨林木本植物的beta多样性: 空间、环境与林分结构的作用. 生物多样性, 32, 24285. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024285.

Guoshan Shi, Feng Liu, Guanghong Cao, Dian Chen, Shangwen Xia, Yun Deng, Bin Wang, Xiaodong Yang, Luxiang Lin (2024) Beta diversity of woody plants in a tropical seasonal rainforest at Xishuangbanna: Roles of space, environment, and forest stand structure. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24285. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024285.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024285

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I12/24285

图/表 5

图1 云南纳板河热带季节雨林20 ha动态样地示意图(A)和地形图(B)。A图中000_000、400_000、000_500、400_500分别表示样方4个顶点的坐标。B图中曲线表示等高线, X和Y分别表示样方投影距离。

Fig. 1 Diagrammatic (A) and topographic map (B) of the 20 ha tropical seasonal rainforest dynamics plot in Nabanhe, Yunnan. In figure A, 000_000, 400_000, 000_500 and 400_500 represent the coordinates of the four vertices of the sample, and in figure B, the curves represent the contour lines, and X and Y represent the projection distance of the sample, respectively.

图2 不同取样尺度的beta多样性及其两个组分的三元图。黑色小点表示一个样方对, 由物种组成相似性(1-Btotal)、物种周转组分(Repl)、物种丰富度差异组分(AbDiff) 3个值决定, 其和等于1; 红色圆点表示所有黑色小点的质心, 较大的黑点表示3个组分的均值。A, B, C分别为20 m × 20 m、50 m × 50 m、100 m × 100 m的取样尺度。

Fig. 2 Triangular plots of beta diversity and its two components at different sampling scales. Each small black dot represents a pair of sites. Their positions were determined by a triplet of values from the species composition similarity (1-Btotal), species turnover component (Repl), species richness difference component (AbDiff). Each triplet sums to 1. The large red dot in each graph is the centroid of all the black points. The larger black dots represent the mean values of the 1-Btotal, Repl, and AbDiff components. A, B, and C represent 20 m × 20 m, 50 m × 50 m, and 100 m × 100 m sampling scales, respectively.

图3 不同取样尺度下物种丰富度差异组分和物种周转组分在beta多样性中占比

Fig. 3 The proportion of two components in beta diversity at different sampling scales

图4 环境距离和空间距离对beta多样性、物种周转组分和物种丰富度差异组分的解释率(结果 < 0的部分未显示)

Fig. 4 The explanation values of environmental distance and spatial distance on the beta diversity, species turnover component, and species richness difference component at different sampling scales (values < 0 are not shown)

图5 不同取样尺度的环境距离、空间距离和林分结构距离对beta多样性、物种周转组分和物种丰富度差异组分的解释率(未显示的部分为负值)。A‒C、D‒F、G‒I分别表示不同取样尺度的beta多样性、物种周转组分和物种丰富度差异组分的方差分解结果。

Fig. 5 The explanation of environmental distance, spatial distance and forest stand structure distance on the species beta diversity, species turnover component and species richness difference component at different sampling scales (values < 0 not shown). A‒C, D‒F, and G‒I represent the variation partitioning of beta diversity, species turnover component, and species richness difference component at different sampling scales, respectively.

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西双版纳热带季节雨林木本植物的beta多样性: 空间、环境与林分结构的作用

Beta diversity of woody plants in a tropical seasonal rainforest at Xishuangbanna: Roles of space, environment, and forest stand structure

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