百山祖连续海拔样带植物群落特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2024052

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 24052. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024052 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024052

• 研究报告 • 下一篇

百山祖连续海拔样带植物群落特征

姚嘉¹^,², 张聪伶¹^,², 李时轩¹^,², 林阳³, 王震⁴, 张煜涵⁴, 周伟龙⁵, 潘心禾⁶, 朱珊⁷, 吴逸卿⁸, 王丹⁹, 刘金亮¹⁰(), 谭珊珊²^,^*(), 沈国春¹^,²(), 于明坚⁴()

1.浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 浙江宁波 315114
2.华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200241
3.浙江师范大学生命科学学院, 浙江金华 321004
4.浙江大学生命科学学院, 杭州 310058
5.钱江源-百山祖国家公园百山祖科研监测中心, 浙江丽水 323000
6.华东药用植物园科研管理中心, 浙江丽水 323000
7.丽水市白云山生态林场, 浙江丽水 323000
8.钱江源-百山祖国家公园庆元保护中心, 浙江庆元 323800
9.钱江源-百山祖国家公园龙泉保护中心, 浙江龙泉 323700
10.温州大学生命与环境科学学院, 浙江温州 325035

收稿日期:2024-02-06 接受日期:2024-07-26 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2025-01-10
通讯作者: * E-mail: sstan@des.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:第一联系人：^# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
百山祖国家公园科学研究项目(2023JBGS01);百山祖国家公园科学研究项目(2021ZDLY03);百山祖国家公园科学研究项目(2021ZDZX01);国家自然科学基金(32271596);上海市自然科学基金(23ZR1419200);浙江省“尖兵” “领雁”研发公关计划(2023C03137);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金

Characteristics of plant communities in the Baishanzu continuous elevational transect

Jia Yao¹^,², Congling Zhang¹^,², Shixuan Li¹^,², Yang Lin³, Zhen Wang⁴, Yuhan Zhang⁴, Weilong Zhou⁵, Xinhe Pan⁶, Shan Zhu⁷, Yiqing Wu⁸, Dan Wang⁹, Jinliang Liu¹⁰(), Shanshan Tan²^,^*(), Guochun Shen¹^,²(), Mingjian Yu⁴()

1. Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315114, China
2. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
3. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
4. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
5. Baishanzu Research and Monitoring Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
6. Scientific Research and Management Center of East China Medicinal Botanical Garden, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
7. Lishui Baiyunshan Ecology Forest Farm, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
8. Qingyuan Conservation Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Qingyuan, Zhejiang 323800, China
9. Longquan Conservation Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Longquan, Zhejiang 323700, China
10. College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China

Received:2024-02-06 Accepted:2024-07-26 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2025-01-10
Contact: *E-mail: sstan@des.ecnu.edu.cn
About author:First author contact:^# Co-first authors
Supported by:
China and Baishanzu National Park Research Foundation(2023JBGS01);China and Baishanzu National Park Research Foundation(2021ZDLY03);China and Baishanzu National Park Research Foundation(2021ZDZX01);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271596);Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1419200);“Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang(2023C03137);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在全球生物多样性热点区域中, 山地生态系统占据着举足轻重的地位。然而由于气候变化与人类活动的双重压力, 山地生态系统正在发生剧变。因此, 对山地生物多样性格局及其变化开展及时准确的监测, 对物种多样性理论和保护实践均具有深远的意义。本研究提出构建山地连续海拔样带的设想, 因为它是准确理解和预测气候变化背景下山地生物多样性变化的理想监测平台。同时, 我们以钱江源-百山祖国家公园候选区百山祖园区内的连续海拔样带为例, 初步探讨了样带内山地植物的区系特征、物种组成、群落结构以及多样性格局随海拔的连续变化特征。结果显示, 随着海拔升高, 温带成分属的比例逐渐增加, 而常绿物种的个体及物种比例均有所降低, 但仍以常绿物种为主; 森林的平均树高和最大树高均在海拔1,600 m左右达到峰值; 物种丰富度和系统发育多样性在海拔1,200 m左右最高, 在大尺度上呈单峰趋势; Shannon-Wiener等其他多样性指数则随海拔的升高逐步下降。最后, 本研究对连续海拔样带的独特优势、已知缺陷和未来发展方向进行了探讨。我们期望连续海拔样带能作为已有山地生物多样性监测体系的有益补充, 帮助我们及时准确地理解山地森林生态系统生物多样性的时空变化规律。

关键词: 百山祖, 连续海拔样带, 常绿阔叶林, 物种组成, 优势种

Abstract

Aims: Mountain ecosystems are vital hotspots for global biodiversity. However, climate change and human activities pose significant threats to these ecosystems, leading to alarming transformations. It is essential to monitor changes in these delicate mountain environments, both in terms of biodiversity patterns and fluctuations, in a timely and precise manner. Such monitoring not only advances scientific understanding of species dynamics, but also informs the crucial conservation efforts needed to preserve these vital habitats.

Methods: This study proposed constructing a continuous elevational transect across mountainous terrain as an ideal framework for understanding and predicting the impacts of climate change on mountain biodiversity. We implemented this approach in the Baishanzu region, Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park candidate area. Along this transect, we examined the flora, species composition, community structure, and diversity patterns of plant communities in relation to the steady changes in altitude.

Results: As elevation increased, the proportion of temperate genera gradually increased, while the proportions of both evergreen species and individuals decreased, although evergreens remined dominated overall. The average tree heights and the maximum tree height of the forest community peaked at approximately altitude of 1,600 m. Species richness and phylogenetic diversity reached their highest points around 1,200 m, displaying a unimodal trend on a broad scale. Other diversity indices, including the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, declined with elevation. Finally, this study also highlighted the unique advantages, recognized limitations, and future development potential of utilizing a continuous elevational transect.

Conclusion: Continuous elevational transects have the potential to be a valuable supplement to existing mountain diversity monitoring systems. They may provide deeper insights into the temporal and spatial shifts in biodiversity within mountain biodiversity forest ecosystems over time.

Key words: Baishanzu, continuous elevational transect, evergreen broad-leaved forest, species composition, dominant species

姚嘉, 张聪伶, 李时轩, 林阳, 王震, 张煜涵, 周伟龙, 潘心禾, 朱珊, 吴逸卿, 王丹, 刘金亮, 谭珊珊, 沈国春, 于明坚 (2024) 百山祖连续海拔样带植物群落特征. 生物多样性, 32, 24052. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024052.

Jia Yao, Congling Zhang, Shixuan Li, Yang Lin, Zhen Wang, Yuhan Zhang, Weilong Zhou, Xinhe Pan, Shan Zhu, Yiqing Wu, Dan Wang, Jinliang Liu, Shanshan Tan, Guochun Shen, Mingjian Yu (2024) Characteristics of plant communities in the Baishanzu continuous elevational transect. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24052. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024052.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024052

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I12/24052

图/表 8

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海拔 Altitude (m)	垂直结构 Vertical structure	物种 Species	多度 Abundance	优势度 Dominance	重要值 Importance value
636-736	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	122	0.24	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	112	0.11	0.08
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	231	0.17	0.12
736-836	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	123	0.43	0.25
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	400	0.25	0.18
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	289	0.10	0.09
836-936	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	142	0.53	0.31
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	81	0.21	0.10
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	166	0.10	0.08
936-1,036	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	119	0.31	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	148	0.29	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	164	0.10	0.07
1,036-1,136	林冠层 Canopy layer	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	112	0.30	0.20
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	282	0.35	0.18
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	306	0.21	0.13
1,136-1,236	林冠层 Canopy layer	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	60	0.19	0.13
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	472	0.28	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	461	0.14	0.09
1,236-1,336	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	54	0.21	0.16
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	304	0.25	0.12
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	770	0.13	0.10
1,336-1,436	林冠层 Canopy layer	褐叶青冈 Quercus stewardiana	52	0.31	0.20
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	褐叶青冈 Quercus stewardiana	128	0.29	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	367	0.16	0.11
1,436-1,536	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	276	0.23	0.23
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	340	0.14	0.12
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	503	0.25	0.16
1,536-1,636	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	167	0.21	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	266	0.31	0.22
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	143	0.17	0.11
1,636-1,736	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	267	0.68	0.46
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	258	0.33	0.17
	灌木层 Shrub layer	猴头杜鹃 Rhododendron simiarum	1,415	0.68	0.39
1,736-1,836	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	89	1.00	1.00
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	253	0.42	0.20
	灌木层 Shrub layer	猴头杜鹃 Rhododendron simiarum	2,948	0.57	0.34
1,836-1,928	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	14	0.91	0.67
1,836-1,928	灌木层 Shrub layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	698	0.58	0.25

海拔 Altitude (m)	垂直结构 Vertical structure	物种 Species	多度 Abundance	优势度 Dominance	重要值 Importance value
636-736	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	122	0.24	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	112	0.11	0.08
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	231	0.17	0.12
736-836	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	123	0.43	0.25
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	400	0.25	0.18
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	289	0.10	0.09
836-936	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	142	0.53	0.31
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	81	0.21	0.10
	灌木层 Shrub layer	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	166	0.10	0.08
936-1,036	林冠层 Canopy layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	119	0.31	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	148	0.29	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	164	0.10	0.07
1,036-1,136	林冠层 Canopy layer	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	112	0.30	0.20
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	282	0.35	0.18
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	306	0.21	0.13
1,136-1,236	林冠层 Canopy layer	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	60	0.19	0.13
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	472	0.28	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	461	0.14	0.09
1,236-1,336	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	54	0.21	0.16
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	304	0.25	0.12
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	770	0.13	0.10
1,336-1,436	林冠层 Canopy layer	褐叶青冈 Quercus stewardiana	52	0.31	0.20
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	褐叶青冈 Quercus stewardiana	128	0.29	0.14
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	367	0.16	0.11
1,436-1,536	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	276	0.23	0.23
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	340	0.14	0.12
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	503	0.25	0.16
1,536-1,636	林冠层 Canopy layer	木荷 Schima superba	167	0.21	0.21
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	266	0.31	0.22
	灌木层 Shrub layer	麂角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae	143	0.17	0.11
1,636-1,736	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	267	0.68	0.46
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	258	0.33	0.17
	灌木层 Shrub layer	猴头杜鹃 Rhododendron simiarum	1,415	0.68	0.39
1,736-1,836	林冠层 Canopy layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	89	1.00	1.00
	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	253	0.42	0.20
	灌木层 Shrub layer	猴头杜鹃 Rhododendron simiarum	2,948	0.57	0.34
1,836-1,928	亚乔木层 Subtree layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	14	0.91	0.67
1,836-1,928	灌木层 Shrub layer	黄山松 Pinus taiwanensis	698	0.58	0.25

序号 Rank	分布区类型 Areal types	科数 No. of families (%)	属数 No. of genera (%)
1	泛热带 Pantropic	19 (38.78%)	19 (17.59%)
2	东亚及热带美洲间断 East Asia & Tropical America disjuncted	5 (10.20%)	5 (4.63%)
3	旧世界热带 Old World Tropics	2 (4.08%)	6 (5.56%)
4	热带亚洲及热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia and Tropical Australasia	1 (2.04%)	3 (2.78%)
5	热带亚洲及热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	1 (2.04%)	4 (3.70%)
6	热带亚洲 Tropical Asia	2 (4.08%)	13 (12.04%)
	热带成分(1-6)小计 Subtotal of tropical elements (1-6)	30 (61.22%)	50 (46.30%)
7	北温带 North Temperate	14 (28.57%)	20 (18.52%)
8	东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted	3 (6.12%)	19 (17.59%)
9	旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	-	-
10	温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	-	-
11	东亚 East Asia	2 (4.08%)	15 (13.89%)
	温带成分(7-11)小计 Subtotal of temperate elements (7-11)	19 (38.78%)	54 (50.00%)
12	中国特有 Endemic to China	-	4 (3.70%)
	总计 Total	49 (100%)	108 (100%)

序号 Rank	分布区类型 Areal types	科数 No. of families (%)	属数 No. of genera (%)
1	泛热带 Pantropic	19 (38.78%)	19 (17.59%)
2	东亚及热带美洲间断 East Asia & Tropical America disjuncted	5 (10.20%)	5 (4.63%)
3	旧世界热带 Old World Tropics	2 (4.08%)	6 (5.56%)
4	热带亚洲及热带大洋洲 Tropical Asia and Tropical Australasia	1 (2.04%)	3 (2.78%)
5	热带亚洲及热带非洲 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	1 (2.04%)	4 (3.70%)
6	热带亚洲 Tropical Asia	2 (4.08%)	13 (12.04%)
	热带成分(1-6)小计 Subtotal of tropical elements (1-6)	30 (61.22%)	50 (46.30%)
7	北温带 North Temperate	14 (28.57%)	20 (18.52%)
8	东亚及北美间断 East Asia & North America disjuncted	3 (6.12%)	19 (17.59%)
9	旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	-	-
10	温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	-	-
11	东亚 East Asia	2 (4.08%)	15 (13.89%)
	温带成分(7-11)小计 Subtotal of temperate elements (7-11)	19 (38.78%)	54 (50.00%)
12	中国特有 Endemic to China	-	4 (3.70%)
	总计 Total	49 (100%)	108 (100%)

百山祖连续海拔样带植物群落特征

Characteristics of plant communities in the Baishanzu continuous elevational transect

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