基于生态独特性的β多样性研究进展与未来展望

doi:10.17520/biods.2024199

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 24199. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024199 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024199

基于生态独特性的β多样性研究进展与未来展望

陈越¹^,²^,³(), 毛子昆¹^,²(), 王绪高¹^,²^,^*()()

1.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林生态与保育重点实验室, 沈阳 110016
2.辽宁省陆地生态碳中和重点实验室, 沈阳 110016
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-05-27 接受日期:2024-06-21 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-07-16
通讯作者: *E-mail: wangxg@iae.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFE0124300);国家自然科学基金(32301344)

Research advances and prospects on β diversity based on ecological uniqueness

Yue Chen¹^,²^,³(), Zikun Mao¹^,²(), Xugao Wang¹^,²^,^*()()

1. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2. Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Shenyang 110016, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-05-27 Accepted:2024-06-21 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-07-16
Contact: *E-mail: wangxg@iae.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0124300);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301344)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态独特性(ecological uniqueness)作为β多样性的关键组分, 主要表征不同地点群落组成的相对特殊性, 对生物多样性保护和恢复具有重要意义。近10年来, 生态独特性受到生态学家和保护生物学家的广泛关注, 并在其时空格局、驱动机制、生态功能与生物多样性保护应用等方面取得了一系列重要研究进展, 但缺乏系统性的研究综述。本文首先总结了生态独特性的主要计算方法, 并对2013-2023年间基于物种分类的生态独特性相关研究文献进行计量分析, 在此基础上进一步梳理了不同生物类群生态独特性的时空格局及其主要驱动机制, 探讨了生态独特性对生态系统功能的潜在影响及其对生物多样性保护的指示意义。目前, 生态独特性的计算方式主要有两种: 基于群落整体组成数据和基于不同取样地点的相异性矩阵数据, 相关研究主要集中于欧洲、美洲和亚洲地区, 重点关注动物和植物类群。研究发现: (1)生态独特性存在明显的纬度和海拔梯度格局, 但在不同生物类群和研究区域间存在差异; (2)气候、土壤以及群落特征等生物非生物因素主要通过影响物种分布范围、群落的丰富度以及物种组成, 进而塑造不同生物类群的生态独特性格局; (3)生态独特性可以抑制或促进生态系统功能, 这取决于物种组合或特定物种比率的具体变化情况; (4)生态独特性较高的区域往往存在更高比率的稀有物种或濒危物种, 是生物多样性保护的关键区域。最后, 本文总结了以往研究的不足, 并对生态独特性的未来研究进行了展望, 特别强调: (1)深入开展多维度(物种、功能和系统发育)生态独特性研究; (2)关注生态独特性的时空尺度变异规律及其驱动机制; (3)探索新技术和新方法在生态独特性未来评估中的应用。

关键词: 生物多样性, β多样性, 生态独特性, 驱动机制, 生物多样性保护, 生态系统功能

Abstract

Background & Aim: Ecological uniqueness is a key component of β diversity, primarily quantifying the relative contribution of each sampling site to the total variation in community composition. This concept is of great significance for biodiversity conservation and restoration. Over the past decade, ecological uniqueness has received substantial attention from ecologists and conservation biologists, leading to significant advancements in its quantifications, spatiotemporal patterns, driving mechanisms, ecological functions, and applications in biodiversity conservation. We first summarized the main methods for calculating ecological uniqueness, we then conducted a systematic review of literatures on taxonomic ecological uniqueness from 2013 to 2023. Furthermore, we elaborated on its spatiotemporal patterns and underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we explored the potential impact of ecological uniqueness on ecosystem functioning and its implications for biodiversity conservation.

Review Results: Ecological uniqueness can primarily be calculated using community composition datasets or dissimilarity matrices. Studies on ecological uniqueness are predominantly concentrated in Europe, America, and Asia, focusing mainly on animal and plant groups. Moreover, the literature reviews several key findings: (1) Ecological uniqueness exhibits clear latitudinal or elevational gradients, though these patterns differences among different biological groups and study regions. (2) Multiple abiotic and biotic factors, such as climate, soil, and community characteristics, significantly shape the ecological uniqueness of different biological groups by influencing species range size, community richness and species compositions. (3) Ecological uniqueness can promote or decrease ecosystem functioning, depending on combinations of species or the proportions of specific groups present. (4) Regions with higher ecological uniqueness often harbor a higher proportion of rare or endangered species, contributing significantly to regional biodiversity. These regions are typically considered as key areas for biodiversity conservation.

Perspectives: This review also discusses the directions of future research on ecological uniqueness, with particular emphasis on: (1) Conducting in-depth researches on multidimensional (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic) ecological uniqueness; (2) Focusing on the patterns and driving mechanisms of ecological uniqueness across different spatiotemporal scales; (3) Applying new technologies and methods for future assessment of ecological uniqueness.

Key words: biodiversity, β diversity, ecological uniqueness, driving mechanisms, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functioning

陈越, 毛子昆, 王绪高 (2024) 基于生态独特性的β多样性研究进展与未来展望. 生物多样性, 32, 24199. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024199.

Yue Chen, Zikun Mao, Xugao Wang (2024) Research advances and prospects on β diversity based on ecological uniqueness. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24199. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024199.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024199

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I12/24199

图/表 5

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影响途径 Pathways	影响因素 Factors	过程 Processes	主要案例 Cases
物种分布范围 Species range size	气候稳定性、海拔、土壤 Climate stability, elevation, and soil	温度或降水的稳定性影响不同物种的分布范围或特有性(区域气候过滤假说) Regional climate stability influences ecological uniqueness by shaping species range sizes or endemism (regional climate filtering hypothesis) 海拔通过影响水热条件进而影响特定物种的分布范围; 土壤养分条件影响稀有物种的分布范围(局域环境过滤假说) Ecological uniqueness are influenced by distinct hydrological and temperature conditions along elevational gradients that determine the range size of rare species; soil properties may determine ecological uniqueness through altering the abundance of rare species (local environment filtering hypothesis)	Yao et al, 2021; Guo et al, 2022; Chen et al, 2024
群落丰富度 Community richness	历史气候、干扰强度 Historical climate and disturbance intensity	历史气候的波动通过物种形成、灭绝、扩散事件对区域物种库的大小产生遗留效应, 影响不同区域的物种数量(区域气候过滤假说) Historical climate fluctuations could impose long-lasting effects on species pool via their effects on habitat refugia, migration, range shifting or extinction events (regional climate filtering hypothesis) 人为干扰(火干扰或采伐)通过影响不同物种的资源可利用性, 影响了特定类群的物种丰富度或功能丰富度(干扰程度假说) The intensity of anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., fire or logging) influences species or functional richness through the impact on resource availability (disturbance intensity hypothesis)	Conradi et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2021, 2022
物种组成 Species composition	海拔、气候 Climate and elevation	海拔高度驱动非生物条件变化, 进一步影响物种的替换或物种丰富度的差异, 形成沿海拔梯度的不同物种组成(局域环境过滤假说) Elevation drives variations in abiotic conditions which further affect species replacement or richness differences, resulting in different species compositions along elevational gradients (local environment filtering hypothesis) 年际或季节性气候波动筛选不同的物种组合, 形成不同群落或区域间的物种组成差异性(区域气候过滤假说) Interannual or seasonal climate fluctuations might select for different combinations of species that could tolerate a wider range of environmental conditions, exhibiting differences in species composition across communities or regions (regional climate filtering hypothesis)	Wang et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2022

影响途径 Pathways	影响因素 Factors	过程 Processes	主要案例 Cases
物种分布范围 Species range size	气候稳定性、海拔、土壤 Climate stability, elevation, and soil	温度或降水的稳定性影响不同物种的分布范围或特有性(区域气候过滤假说) Regional climate stability influences ecological uniqueness by shaping species range sizes or endemism (regional climate filtering hypothesis) 海拔通过影响水热条件进而影响特定物种的分布范围; 土壤养分条件影响稀有物种的分布范围(局域环境过滤假说) Ecological uniqueness are influenced by distinct hydrological and temperature conditions along elevational gradients that determine the range size of rare species; soil properties may determine ecological uniqueness through altering the abundance of rare species (local environment filtering hypothesis)	Yao et al, 2021; Guo et al, 2022; Chen et al, 2024
群落丰富度 Community richness	历史气候、干扰强度 Historical climate and disturbance intensity	历史气候的波动通过物种形成、灭绝、扩散事件对区域物种库的大小产生遗留效应, 影响不同区域的物种数量(区域气候过滤假说) Historical climate fluctuations could impose long-lasting effects on species pool via their effects on habitat refugia, migration, range shifting or extinction events (regional climate filtering hypothesis) 人为干扰(火干扰或采伐)通过影响不同物种的资源可利用性, 影响了特定类群的物种丰富度或功能丰富度(干扰程度假说) The intensity of anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., fire or logging) influences species or functional richness through the impact on resource availability (disturbance intensity hypothesis)	Conradi et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2021, 2022
物种组成 Species composition	海拔、气候 Climate and elevation	海拔高度驱动非生物条件变化, 进一步影响物种的替换或物种丰富度的差异, 形成沿海拔梯度的不同物种组成(局域环境过滤假说) Elevation drives variations in abiotic conditions which further affect species replacement or richness differences, resulting in different species compositions along elevational gradients (local environment filtering hypothesis) 年际或季节性气候波动筛选不同的物种组合, 形成不同群落或区域间的物种组成差异性(区域气候过滤假说) Interannual or seasonal climate fluctuations might select for different combinations of species that could tolerate a wider range of environmental conditions, exhibiting differences in species composition across communities or regions (regional climate filtering hypothesis)	Wang et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2022

基于生态独特性的β多样性研究进展与未来展望

Research advances and prospects on β diversity based on ecological uniqueness

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