浅谈中国民族植物学的研究思路和理论假设

doi:10.17520/biods.2024002

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 24002. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024002 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024002

浅谈中国民族植物学的研究思路和理论假设

耿彦飞¹(), 王雨华²^,^*()()

1.贵州大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550025
2.中国科学院昆明植物研究所云南省野生资源植物研发重点实验室, 昆明 650201

收稿日期:2024-01-04 接受日期:2024-10-26 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-11-19
通讯作者: *E-mail: wangyuhua@mail.kib.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32260099);贵州省科学技术基金(Qiankehejichu-ZK [2021] 091);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0502)

A brief synthesis of research approaches and theoretical hypotheses in Chinese Ethnobotany

Yanfei Geng¹(), Yuhua Wang²^,^*()()

1. College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
2. Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China

Received:2024-01-04 Accepted:2024-10-26 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-11-19
Contact: *E-mail: wangyuhua@mail.kib.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260099);Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(Qiankehejichu-ZK [2021] 091);Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0502)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

民族植物学是一门探讨人与植物之间相互关系的学科, 自1982年引入中国以来, 该学科在国内也如同在国际上其他地区一样, 开展了大量的描述性研究。为了推动民族植物学成为一个由假设和理论驱动的学科, 本文在对国内外民族植物学研究现状进行回顾基础上, 结合社会学、人类学、民族学、生态学等学科的理论基础, 重新梳理了中国民族植物学的研究思路, 并汇总了民族植物学研究可以参考的15个理论假设。民族植物学研究通常采用从人出发和从植物出发的两种研究范式, 综合运用多种研究方法和工具, 按照“描述—解释—应用”三步走的研究思路开展。在解释阶段, 为了更科学地阐释人与植物的相互关系, 可以依据以下理论假说从人与植物两个视角进行分析: 从人的角度出发的理论假说包括生存假说、泛灵论、文化适应假说、生态位假说、人口特征假说、社交网络理论、城市化假说等; 从植物角度出发的假说则包括生态显性假说、生态冗余假说、协同进化假说、边缘效应假说、多功能性假说、多元化假说、象形假说和亲缘假说等。理论假设是帮助我们开展民族植物学研究的工具, 依赖多种工具进行多维的民族植物学研究是未来民族植物学发展的趋势。希望本文总结的民族植物学理论假设能为未来民族植物学研究提供有益的参考。

关键词: 民族植物学, 理论, 假设, 研究思路, 传统知识

Abstract

Background & Aims: Ethnobotany, the scientific study of the relationship between humans and plants, has been a field of growing interest in China since its introduction in 1982. Over the years, it has accumulated a substantial amount of descriptive work, both domestically and internationally. In our quest to promote Ethnobotany as a hypothesis- and theory-driven discipline, we undertook a comprehensive review of this vast body of domestic and international ethnobotanical research. We also delved into the theoretical bases of sociology, anthropology, ethnology, ecology, and related disciplines. This thorough review allowed us to reorganize the research approaches of Ethnobotany, and present 15 theoretical hypotheses that can serve as valuable references in ethnobotanical research.

Perspective: Generally speaking, ethnobotanical research has two research paradigms, which are the human-oriented paradigm and plants-oriented paradigm, and is carried out according to the three-stage research approach of “description-explanation-application” using a variety of research methods and tools. In the explanation stage, in order to more scientifically explain the relationship between humans and plants, we can proceed from the two perspectives of humans and plants based on the following theoretical hypotheses: (1) Theoretical hypotheses from the perspective of human include the survival hypothesis, animism, cultural adaptation hypothesis, ecological niche hypothesis, demographic traits hypothesis, social network theory, urbanization hypothesis, etc.; (2) Hypotheses from the perspective of plants include ecological apparency hypothesis, ecological redundancy hypothesis, coevolution hypothesis, edge effect hypothesis, versatility hypothesis, diversification hypothesis, pictographic hypothesis and kinship hypothesis, etc.

Future prospects: Theoretical hypotheses, as we have presented in this article, serve as invaluable tools for conducting ethnobotanical research. They not only provide a framework for understanding the complex relationship between humans and plants but also guide our exploration into the future of Ethnobotany. By relying on a variety of tools to conduct multi-dimensional ethnobotanical research, we are paving the way for the evolution of our discipline. It is our hope that the theoretical hypotheses we have outlined here will offer profound insights and practical guidance for future ethnobotanical research.

Key words: Ethnobotany, theory, hypothesis, research approach, traditional knowledge

耿彦飞, 王雨华 (2024) 浅谈中国民族植物学的研究思路和理论假设. 生物多样性, 32, 24002. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024002.

Yanfei Geng, Yuhua Wang (2024) A brief synthesis of research approaches and theoretical hypotheses in Chinese Ethnobotany. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24002. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024002.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024002

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I11/24002

图/表 2

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题目 Title	引用次数* Total citations*	作者 Authors	文献来源 Sources	发表年份 Publication year
The useful plants of Tambopata, Peru. I. Statistical hypotheses tests with a new quantitative technique	1,460	Phillips O, Gentry AH	Economic Botany	1993
Informant consensus: A new approach for identifying potentially effective medicinal plants	1,180	Trotter RT, Logan MH	Plants and Indigenous Medicine and Diet	1986
Cultural importance indices: A comparative analysis based on the useful wild plants of southern Cantabria (northern Spain)	1,082	Tardio J, Pardo-de-Santayana M	Economic Botany	2008
A preliminary classification of the healing potential of medicinal- plants, based on a rational analysis of an ethnopharmacological field survey among Bedouins in the Negev desert, Israel	1,082	Friedman J, Yaniv Z, Dafni A, Palewitch D	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	1986
Introduced Plants in the indigenous pharmacopeia of Northern South America	714	Bennett BC, Prance GT	Economic Botany	2000
The useful plants of Tambopata, Peru. II. Additional hypothesis testing in quantitative ethnobotany	674	Phillips O, Gentry AH	Economic Botany	1993
Quantitative ethnobotany and the case for conservation in Ammonia	643	Prance GT, Baleé W, Boom BM, Carneiro RL	Conservation Biology	1987
Importance indices in ethnobotany	508	Hoffman B, Gallaher T	Ethnobotany Research and applications	2007
Use of ecological methods in ethnobotany: Diversity indices	489	Begossi A	Economic Botany	1996
Re-examining hypotheses concerning the use and knowledge of medicinal plants: A study in the Caatinga vegetation of NE Brazil.	476	Albuquerque UP	Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine	2006
Quantitative ethnobotany: Application of multivariate and statistical analysis in ethnobotany	351	Höft M, Barik SK, Lykke AM	People and Plants working paper	1999
Evaluating two quantitative ethnobotanical techniques	331	Albuquerque UP, Lucena RF, Monteiro JM, Florentino AT, Cecília de Fátima CBR	Ethnobotany Research and Applications	2006
Cultural, practical, and economic value of wild plants: A quantitative study in the Bolivian Amazon	329	Reyes-García V, Huanca T, Vadez V, Leonard W, Wilkie D	Economic Botany	2006
Theories and major hypotheses in Ethnobotany	269	Gaoue OG, Coe MA, Bond M, Hart G, Seyler BC, McMillen H	Economic Botany	2017
Evaluation of the cultural significance of wild food botanicals traditionally consumed in Northwestern Tuscany, Italy	264	Pieroni A	Journal of Ethnobiology	2001

题目 Title	引用次数* Total citations*	作者 Authors	文献来源 Sources	发表年份 Publication year
The useful plants of Tambopata, Peru. I. Statistical hypotheses tests with a new quantitative technique	1,460	Phillips O, Gentry AH	Economic Botany	1993
Informant consensus: A new approach for identifying potentially effective medicinal plants	1,180	Trotter RT, Logan MH	Plants and Indigenous Medicine and Diet	1986
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研究思路 Research approach	研究范式 Research paradigm		主要方法 Main methods	举例 Examples
研究思路 Research approach	从植物出发的范式 Plants-oriented paradigm	从人出发的范式 Human-oriented paradigm	主要方法 Main methods	举例 Examples
描述阶段Description stage	回答植物利用的现状与特点并编目 Record and catalog the current status and characteristics of plant use	回答植物如何体现和影响人类文化 How plants reflect and influence human culture	田野调查法等 Field research method, etc.	西班牙民歌的民族植物学研究Ethnobotany in the folksongs of Spain (Herrero & Cardaño, 2015); 植物与认知人类学 Plants and Cognitive Anthropology (崔明昆和杨雪吟, 2008)
解释阶段 Explaination stage	回答植物的外显特征和内部特征如何影响其被利用程度 How the external and internal characteristics of plants affect their utilization	回答人类的传统植物知识的形成历程和变迁原因 The formation process and reasons for the change of traditional plant knowledge	跨文化比较法; 历史比较法; 实验法; 相关分析等Cross-cultural comparative method; historical comparative method; experimental method; correlation analysis, etc.	稀有稻种长毛谷 Changmaogu, a rare and endangered rice landrace (何柳和龙春林, 2023); 全球化与植物知识的流失 Globalization and loss of plant knowledge (Vandebroek & Balick, 2012)
应用阶段 Application stage	植物资源的保护与可持续利用等 Protection and sustainable utilization of plant resources, etc.	非物质文化遗产保护等Protection of intangible cultural heritage, etc.	生物文化多样性保护区的建立等 Establishment of biocultural diversity conservation areas, etc.	九龙山自然圣境保护示范点Jiulongshan Natural Sacred Site protection demonstration site

研究思路 Research approach	研究范式 Research paradigm		主要方法 Main methods	举例 Examples
研究思路 Research approach	从植物出发的范式 Plants-oriented paradigm	从人出发的范式 Human-oriented paradigm	主要方法 Main methods	举例 Examples
描述阶段Description stage	回答植物利用的现状与特点并编目 Record and catalog the current status and characteristics of plant use	回答植物如何体现和影响人类文化 How plants reflect and influence human culture	田野调查法等 Field research method, etc.	西班牙民歌的民族植物学研究Ethnobotany in the folksongs of Spain (Herrero & Cardaño, 2015); 植物与认知人类学 Plants and Cognitive Anthropology (崔明昆和杨雪吟, 2008)
解释阶段 Explaination stage	回答植物的外显特征和内部特征如何影响其被利用程度 How the external and internal characteristics of plants affect their utilization	回答人类的传统植物知识的形成历程和变迁原因 The formation process and reasons for the change of traditional plant knowledge	跨文化比较法; 历史比较法; 实验法; 相关分析等Cross-cultural comparative method; historical comparative method; experimental method; correlation analysis, etc.	稀有稻种长毛谷 Changmaogu, a rare and endangered rice landrace (何柳和龙春林, 2023); 全球化与植物知识的流失 Globalization and loss of plant knowledge (Vandebroek & Balick, 2012)
应用阶段 Application stage	植物资源的保护与可持续利用等 Protection and sustainable utilization of plant resources, etc.	非物质文化遗产保护等Protection of intangible cultural heritage, etc.	生物文化多样性保护区的建立等 Establishment of biocultural diversity conservation areas, etc.	九龙山自然圣境保护示范点Jiulongshan Natural Sacred Site protection demonstration site

浅谈中国民族植物学的研究思路和理论假设

A brief synthesis of research approaches and theoretical hypotheses in Chinese Ethnobotany

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