景观格局动态对浑善达克沙地植物物种多样性和功能多样性的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2023048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

景观格局是影响植物物种多样性(PSD)和功能多样性(PFD)变化的重要驱动因素。然而, 目前对景观格局动态的作用机制仍然不清楚。浑善达克沙地固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、流动沙丘、丘间低地、湖泊和建设用地镶嵌分布, 形成了复杂的景观格局, 是揭示这种机制的理想地区。本文对该地区2008-2017年的遥感图像进行处理, 对PSD和PFD进行实地调查和分析, 采用Spearman相关性分析和广义线性混合模型识别了对PSD和PFD有显著贡献的景观格局指数; 采用结构方程模型解析了景观格局动态变化对PSD和PFD的直接和间接效应。结果表明, PSD和PFD均受2-4年前景观格局的影响。PSD主要受形状指数、面积和边缘指数以及聚集指数的重要影响, PFD主要受形状指数和聚集指数的影响。由于环境过滤和扩散限制, 欧氏邻近距离指数和分离度指数是描述PFD的良好指标。综上, 在世界干旱和半干旱地区土地的景观规划、管理和生物多样性保护过程中, 必须考虑景观的动态和演变。

关键词: 景观格局动态, 物种多样性, 功能多样性, 浑善达克沙地, 遗产效应

Abstract

Aims: Landscape pattern is an important driving factor that influences changes in plant species diversity (PSD) and plant functional diversity (PFD). The Hunshandak Sandland, a region in Inner Mongolia, is characterized by a variety of sand dunes, lakes, and built-up areas to form a complex and evolving landscape, which presents an ideal area to elucidate these mechanisms.
Methods: In this study, we processed remote-sensing images from 2008-2017 from the study area and conducted field surveys and analysis to investigate PSD and PFD. Spearman correlation analysis and general linear mixed model were employed to identify landscape pattern indices that significantly contributed to PSD and PFD. Furthermore, a structural equation model was utilized to determine both the direct and the indirect effects of dynamic changes in the landscape pattern on PSD and PFD.
Results: The results indicated that both PSD and PFD were influenced by landscape patterns from the previous 2-4 years. We discovered that PSD was primarily influenced by shape index, area and edge index, and aggregation index and were relevant in different timescales and land use types. PFD was predominantly affected by shape index and aggregation index.
Conclusion: The dynamics of landscape pattern must be considered in the process of landscape planning, management, and conservation of biodiversity in arid and semi-arid lands in Inner Mongolia and could be translated to similar regions worldwide.

Key words: landscape pattern dynamics, species diversity, functional diversity, Hunshandak Sandland, legacy effect

曹亚苏, 范敏, 彭羽, 辛嘉讯, 彭楠一 (2023) 景观格局动态对浑善达克沙地植物物种多样性和功能多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 31, 23048. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023048.

Yasu Cao, Min Fan, Yu Peng, Jiaxun Xin, Nanyi Peng (2023) Effects of landscape pattern dynamics on plant species and functional diversity in Hunshandak Sandland. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23048. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023048.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023048

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I8/23048

图/表 2

图1 研究区位置、斑块类型及样方分布图

Fig. 1 Map of the study area located in Hunshandak Sandland, China, with sample plots’ locations and land use categories

图2 景观格局动态与植物物种多样性(a)、功能属性多样性(FAD1) (b)和功能离散度(FDis) (c)的结构方程模型(SEM)。方框表示被测量的指数, 箭头表示变量之间的关系。箭头旁边的数字是标准化的路径系数。红色和蓝色箭头分别表示正数和负数。箭头的宽度表示系数的大小。实线和虚线分别表示直接和间接作用。与指数相邻的数字是它们具有复合变量的系数, 显著水平为* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。缩写含义见附录1。

Fig. 2 Effects of landscape pattern dynamics on plant species diversity (a), functional attribute diversity 1 (FAD1) (b), and functional dispertion (FDis) (c) by structural equation model (SEM). Boxes indicate the variables being measured, and arrows indicate the relationship between the variables. The numbers next to the arrows are the standardized path coefficient. Red and blue arrows indicate the positive and negative coefficients, respectively. The width of the path represents the coefficient size. Numbers adjacent to measured variables are their coefficients with composite variables, significance levels of each predictor are * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. Abbreviations see Appendix 1.

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