青藏高原药用植物分布格局及保护优先区

doi:10.17520/biods.2021385

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 21385. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021385

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

青藏高原药用植物分布格局及保护优先区

赵仁生¹, 许诗嘉¹, 宋鹏飞¹^,², 周翔¹^,², 张亚洲²^,^*(), 袁燕¹^,^*()

1.云南民族大学民族医药学院民族药资源化学国家民委-教育部重点实验室, 昆明 650504
2.中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室, 云南勐腊 666303

收稿日期:2021-09-22 接受日期:2021-12-23 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-03-11
通讯作者: 张亚洲,袁燕
作者简介:54988363@qq.com
*E-mail: zhangyazhou@xtbg.ac.cn;
第一联系人：^#共同第一作者
基金资助:
云南民族大学民族药资源化学国家民委-教育部重点实验室学科教育培育项目(MY20210507);开放基金(MZY2103)

Distribution patterns of medicinal plant diversity and their conservation priorities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Rensheng Zhao¹, Shijia Xu¹, Pengfei Song¹^,², Xiang Zhou¹^,², Yazhou Zhang²^,^*(), Yan Yuan¹^,^*()

1 Key Lab of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education of China, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504
2 Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303

Received:2021-09-22 Accepted:2021-12-23 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-03-11
Contact: Yazhou Zhang,Yan Yuan
About author:First author contact:^#Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原拥有丰富的药用植物资源, 但目前人们缺乏对其多样性分布格局的清晰认识以及人类活动对药用植物资源影响的评估。本研究收集整理了青藏高原地区254种药用植物分布及人类活动的数据, 分析了当前青藏高原地区药用植物分布格局及其面临的威胁, 并划定出当前需要保护的优先区域。研究结果显示, 青藏高原药用植物的多样性和特有性主要集中在东部和东南部地区, 且较强的人类活动影响力与较高的药用植物多样性和特有性重叠, 这表明人类活动对药用植物多样性和特有性有着显著的影响。进一步结合生物和人类活动两方面因素的算法, 划定了保护优先区, 包括云南西北部、四川西南部和西部、青海东部及西藏中部, 这表明青藏高原现有的保护区存在大量保护空缺。基于此, 本研究提出了包括完善法律法规及政策监管, 增设保护区, 补充和完善保护植物名录, 加强科普宣传, 加强药用植物种质资源的收集、保存与开发的保护青藏高原药用植物资源的建议, 为今后保护政策的制定和保护区划定提供依据, 也借此宣传青藏高原生态保护问题, 唤起民众的保护关注。

关键词: 青藏高原, 药用植物, 保护优先区, 人类活动

Abstract

Aims: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) harbors abundant resources of medicinal plants, but the public still lacks the knowledge of the distribution pattern of medicinal plant diversity. The public also has poor understanding of the effects of human activities on the resources of medicinal plants.

Methods: In this study, we collected the distribution data of 254 medicinal plant species and quantified human activities in the QTP. Then we analyzed the diversity and endemism patterns and the effects of potential threats to medicinal plants. Finally we identified the conservation priority areas for medicinal plant resources.

Results: Our results showed that the diversity and endemism of medicinal plants in the QTP are primarily concentrated in the eastern and southeastern regions. We found that stronger human influence overlapped with higher diversity and endemism of medicinal plants, and that these human activities all had a significant impact on diversity and endemism. We further use an algorithm combining biological and human factors to identify conservation priority areas, including northwestern Yunnan, southwestern and western Sichuan, eastern Qinghai and central Tibet, which revealed that the current protected areas in the QTP do not effectively protect hotspots identified in this study, and there is an abundance of conservation gaps.

Conclusion: This study provides some suggestions on the protection of medicinal plant resources in the QTP, including improving laws, regulations and policy supervision, establishing more protection areas, supplementing the list of protected plants, strengthening the popularization of science, and promoting the collection, preservation and development of medicinal plant resources. These suggested measures will guide conservation policies and the delineation of protected areas in the future. We hope this study will publicize the serious threats of medicinal plants and arouse the attention of the public to conservation in the QTP.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, medicinal plant, conservation priority, human activity

赵仁生, 许诗嘉, 宋鹏飞, 周翔, 张亚洲, 袁燕 (2022) 青藏高原药用植物分布格局及保护优先区. 生物多样性, 30, 21385. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021385.

Rensheng Zhao, Shijia Xu, Pengfei Song, Xiang Zhou, Yazhou Zhang, Yan Yuan (2022) Distribution patterns of medicinal plant diversity and their conservation priorities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21385. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021385.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021385

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I4/21385

图/表 5

图1 青藏高原地区采挖和售卖的部分野生植物。(A)售卖的绵头雪兔子、党参等药用植物; (B)高山冰缘带上大花红景天被采挖后遗留的破坏现场; (C)当地居民采挖的贝母鳞茎。A、B和C分别由李树荣、宋波和邱天拍摄。

Fig. 1 Some wild plants harvested and sold in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (A) Selling some medicinal plants, for example Saussurea laniceps and Codonopsis sp.; (B) The damaged site of Rhodiola crenulata after excavation in the alpine subnival belts; (C) Bulbs of Fritillaria sp. were harvested by residents. Photos in A, B and C taken by Li Shurong, Song Bo and Qiu Tian, respectively.

图2 青藏高原药用植物物种多样性和加权特有性分布格局。(A)物种多样性, (B)加权特有性。图中蓝色线表示国家级保护区范围。

Fig. 2 The distribution patterns of species diversity and weighted endemism in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (A) Species richness, (B) Weighted endemism. Blue lines indicate the national-level protected areas.

图3 青藏高原人类活动强度分布格局。(A)人口; (B)国内生产总值; (C)道路密度。

Fig. 3 The distribution pattern of human effects in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (A) Population; (B) Gross domestic product (GDP); (C) Road density.

图4 生物指标与人类活动的关系。A-C: 物种多样性指标; D-F: 加权特有性指标。拟合线使用一般线性模型绘制, Coef: 模型拟合系数。* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001。所有因子被标准化至0-1之间。

Fig. 4 The relationships between biotic factors and human effects. A-C, Species richness; D-F, Weighted endemism. Fitted lines were drawn using linear model. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. All factors were standardized between 0-1.

图5 青藏高原药用植物保护优先区。红色栅格为保护优先区; 蓝色线为国家级保护区。

Fig. 5 The conservation priority of medicinal plants in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Red grid cells indicate the priority areas, blue lines indicate the national-level protected areas.

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青藏高原药用植物分布格局及保护优先区

Distribution patterns of medicinal plant diversity and their conservation priorities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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