气候变化与生物多样性之间的复杂关系和反馈机制

doi:10.17520/biods.2022462

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 22462. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022462

气候变化与生物多样性之间的复杂关系和反馈机制

井新¹^,^*(), 蒋胜竞¹, 刘慧颖², 李昱¹, 贺金生¹^,³

1.兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 兰州 730020
2.华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200241
3.北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2022-08-11 接受日期:2022-09-27 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-10-06
通讯作者: 井新
作者简介:* E-mail: jingx@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32130065);兰州大学“双一流”人才引进科研启动经费

Complex relationships and feedback mechanisms between climate change and biodiversity

Xin Jing¹^,^*(), Shengjing Jiang¹, Huiying Liu², Yu Li¹, Jin-Sheng He¹^,³

1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020
2. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241
3. College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871

Received:2022-08-11 Accepted:2022-09-27 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-10-06
Contact: Xin Jing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候变化与生物多样性丧失是人类社会正在经历的两大变化。气候变化影响生物多样性的方方面面, 是导致生物多样性丧失的一个主要驱动因子; 反过来, 生物多样性丧失会加剧气候变化。因此, 阻止甚至扭转气候变化和生物多样性丧失是当前人类社会亟需解决的全球性问题，但我们对气候变化与生物多样性之间的复杂关系和反馈机制尚缺乏清晰认识。本文总结了近年气候变化与生物多样性变化的研究进展, 重点概述了不同组织层次、空间尺度和维度的生物多样性对气候变化的响应和反馈等相关领域的研究进展和存在的主要问题。结果发现多数研究关注气候变化对生物多样性的直接影响, 涉及到生物多样性的不同组织层次、维度和营养级, 但针对气候变化间接影响的研究仍然较少, 机理研究同样需要加强; 生物多样性对生态系统功能影响的环境依赖和尺度推演、生物多样性对生态系统多功能性的作用机理和量化方法是当前研究面临的挑战; 生物多样性对生态系统响应气候变化的作用机制尚无统一的认识; 生物多样性对气候变化的正、负反馈效应是国内外研究的盲点。最后, 本文展望了未来发展方向和需要解决的关键科学问题, 包括多因子气候变化对生物多样性的影响; 减缓和适应气候变化的措施如何惠益于生物多样性保护; 生物多样性与生态系统功能的理论如何应用到现实世界; 生物多样性保护对实现碳中和目标的贡献。

关键词: 气候变化, 多维度生物多样性, 多尺度生物多样性, 生态系统多功能性, 反馈机制

Abstract

Background and Aims: Climate change and biodiversity loss are two major changes that human society is experiencing. Climate change affects all aspects of biodiversity and is a major driver of biodiversity loss; in turn, biodiversity loss exacerbates climate change. Therefore, halting or even reversing climate change and biodiversity loss is a global issue that needs to be addressed by human society. However, we lack a clear understanding of the complex relationships and feedback mechanisms between climate change and biodiversity. Here, we summarize the research on climate and biodiversity change in the last decade by focusing on studies investigating the responses and feedback of biodiversity to climate change at different organizational levels, spatial scales, and diversity dimensions.
Progress: Our results showed that most studies focus on the direct impacts of climate change on biodiversity, involving different organizational levels and dimensions and trophic levels of biodiversity. Studies on the indirect impacts of climate change were rare, and we suggested that mechanistic studies need to be strengthened. The mechanisms and quantification of the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem multifunctionality were challenges for current research. There was no consensus on how biodiversity contributes to ecosystem response to climate change; the positive and negative feedback effects of biodiversity in the context of climate change were a blind spot in domestic and international research.
Prospects: The future direction and key scientific issues that need to be solved in the field of climate change and biodiversity change are numerous. We identify 4 main areas of future research: understanding (1) the impacts of multi-factor climate change on biodiversity, (2) how mitigation and adaptation measures to climate change can benefit biodiversity conservation, (3) how the theory of biodiversity and ecosystem function can be applied to the real-world ecosystems and (4) what is the contribution of biodiversity conservation to carbon neutrality goals.

Key words: climate change, multi-dimensional biodiversity, multi-scale biodiversity, ecosystem multifunctionality, feedback mechanisms

井新, 蒋胜竞, 刘慧颖, 李昱, 贺金生 (2022) 气候变化与生物多样性之间的复杂关系和反馈机制. 生物多样性, 30, 22462. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022462.

Xin Jing, Shengjing Jiang, Huiying Liu, Yu Li, Jin-Sheng He (2022) Complex relationships and feedback mechanisms between climate change and biodiversity. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22462. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022462.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022462

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I10/22462

图/表 4

图1 气候变化对多维度、多营养级生物多样性的影响以及生物多样性对气候变化的反馈作用。人类活动和生物多样性的协同发展是维持生态系统多服务性、生态安全和人类可持续性的基础。

Fig. 1 Impacts of climate change on multi-dimensional, multi-trophic biodiversity, and the feedback of biodiversity to climate change. The coordinated development of human activities and biodiversity is the basis for maintaining ecosystem multiserviceability, ecological security and human sustainability.

图2 生物多样性和气候变化领域发表文章趋势分析和主要研究方向。(a)近20年生物多样性和气候变化相关文章发表趋势(数据来源Web of Science, 最后一次访问2022年8月6日)。(b)生物多样性和气候变化主要研究方向发表文章数量。

Fig. 2 Analysis of publication trends and main research areas in the field of biodiversity and climate change. (a) Publication trends in biodiversity and climate change-related articles published over the last 20 years (data sources: Web of Science, last accessed August 6, 2022). (b) Number of articles published in the main research areas of biodiversity and climate change.

图3 主要气候变化因子对不同时空尺度和不同组织层次上生物多样性的影响

Fig. 3 Impacts of major climate change factors on biodiversity at different spatial and temporal scales and different levels of organization

图4 未来发展方向和需要解决的关键科学问题

Fig. 4 Future directions and key scientific questions to be addressed

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气候变化与生物多样性之间的复杂关系和反馈机制

Complex relationships and feedback mechanisms between climate change and biodiversity

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