三叶鬼针草与不同本地植物竞争对土壤 微生物和土壤养分的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2015365

生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (12): 1381-1389. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015365

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

三叶鬼针草与不同本地植物竞争对土壤微生物和土壤养分的影响

闫静¹, 张晓亚¹, 陈雪², 王月¹, 张风娟^1,,A;^*(), 万方浩^3,,A;^*()

1 .河北大学生命科学学院, 河北保定 071002
2 .河北师范大学汇华学院, 石家庄 050091
3 .中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2015-12-23 接受日期:2016-05-16 出版日期:2016-12-20 发布日期:2017-01-10
通讯作者: 张风娟,万方浩
基金资助:
国家自然基金项目(31172000);河北省自然基金项目(C2015201021,C2015201241)

Effects of rhizosphere soil microorganisms and soil nutrients on competitiveness of Bidens pilosa with different native plants

Jing Yan¹, Xiaoya Zhang¹, Xue Chen², Yue Wang¹, Fengjuan Zhang^1,^*(), Fanghao Wan^3,^*()

1 College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002
2 Huihua College of Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050091
3 Institute of Plant Protection (South Campus), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193

Received:2015-12-23 Accepted:2016-05-16 Online:2016-12-20 Published:2017-01-10
Contact: Zhang Fengjuan,Wan Fanghao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

入侵植物三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)对我国农牧业生产造成了重大的损失。本文主要研究三叶鬼针草入侵与不同本地植物竞争对土壤微生物群落结构和土壤养分的影响。利用磷脂脂肪酸方法(phospholipid fatty acids, PLFAs)测定土壤微生物群落组成, 同时测定土壤养分和酶活性, 并利用Canoco4.5软件分析了土壤微生物、土壤养分和土壤酶活性的相关性。结果表明: (1)三叶鬼针草对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、丛枝菌根真菌等土壤微生物具有较强的聚集能力, 且其根际土壤聚集的微生物类群与本地植物种类密切相关。(2)三叶鬼针草入侵显著增加了入侵地土壤的有机碳含量, 降低了铵态氮的含量; 土壤中的速效钾、速效磷和硝态氮的含量则与本地植物种类密切相关。(3)相关性分析表明, 16:00和16:1 ω5c对铵态氮的含量影响较大, 而三叶鬼针草入侵地16:00和16:1 ω5c的含量显著高于裸土对照, 进而推测这一状况导致了铵态氮含量的降低。(4) 15:1 anteiso A和18:1 ω5c与速效钾的含量呈显著正相关, 而其含量在狗尾草(Setaria viridis)中显著高于其他处理, 三叶鬼针草与狗尾草混种处理中土壤中速效钾的含量高于其他处理。以上结果说明, 三叶鬼针草通过改变土壤微生物群落结构影响了土壤酶活性和土壤养分, 且这种改变与入侵地本地植物种类有关。

关键词: 三叶鬼针草, 本地植物, 土壤微生物, 土壤养分, 土壤酶活性

Abstract

The invasive plant Bidens pilosa has caused losses to agriculture and livestock. We studied the effects of B. pilosa on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and soil nutrients of different native species. The soil microbial species were examined using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), and the concentrations of soil nutrients and the activities of soil enzyme activities were measured. Correlation analysis of soil microbial, soil nutrients, and soil enzyme activities was used in Canoco 4.5. Results showed that B. pilosa had a strong ability to aggregate soil microorganisms such as gram-positive bacterium (G⁺), gram-negative bacterium (G^-), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The microbial species in the rhizosphere soil of B. pilosa was closely related to the native plant species. Bidens pilosa significantly increased the concentration of organic carbon, while decreasing the concentration of ammonium. The concentrations of available potassium, available phosphorus, and nitrate were strongly related to the native plant species. Correlation analysis showed that 16:00 and 16:1ω5c had a significant influence on the concentration of ammonium. The concentrations of 16:00 and 16:1 ω5c in the rhizosphere soil of B. pilosa were significantly higher than that in the soil of the control, which may lead to the decrease of the concentration of ammonium in the rhizosphere soil of B. pilosa. The concentrations of 15:1 anteiso A and 18:1 ω5c were significantly positively correlated with the concentration of available potassium, and its content were significantly greater than the other treatments in Setaria viridis. The concentration of available potassium in the competition treatment between B. pilosa and S. viridis was significantly higher than the other treatments. The above results show that the invasive plant B. pilosa affected soil enzyme activities and soil nutrients via altering microbial communities, and these changes impacted the native plant species.

Key words: Bidens pilosa, native plant species, soil microorganisms, soil nutrient, soil enzymy activity

闫静, 张晓亚, 陈雪, 王月, 张风娟, 万方浩 (2016) 三叶鬼针草与不同本地植物竞争对土壤微生物和土壤养分的影响. 生物多样性, 24, 1381-1389. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015365.

Jing Yan, Xiaoya Zhang, Xue Chen, Yue Wang, Fengjuan Zhang, Fanghao Wan (2016) Effects of rhizosphere soil microorganisms and soil nutrients on competitiveness of Bidens pilosa with different native plants. Biodiversity Science, 24, 1381-1389. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015365.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015365

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I12/1381

图/表 8

表1 不同处理样方的植物生长状况(平均值 ± 标准差)。B: 三叶鬼针草; S: 狗尾草; C: 藜; M: 草木樨。

Table 1 Plant growth in different plots (mean ± SD). B, Bidens pilosa; S, Setaria viridis; C, Chenopodium serotinum; M, Melilotus suaveolens.

处理 Treatment	植物 Plant	密度 Density (inds./m²)	生物量 Biomass (kg/m²)
B	B	274.00 ± 62.12	0.92±0.22
B+S	B	180.00 ± 72.04	0.48 ± 0.16
B+S	S	56.00 ± 35.68	0.17 ± 0.05
B+C	B	148.00 ± 36.00	0.43 ± 0.11
B+C	C	208.00 ± 9.64	0.59 ± 0.09
B+M	B	144.00 ± 36.00	0.51 ± 0.01
B+M	M	192.00 ± 6.08	0.55 ± 0.01

图1 不同处理三叶鬼针草根际土壤微生物PLFAs总量的变化(P<0.05)。CK: 裸土, 其他各处理的代号见表1。

Fig. 1 Change of total PLFAs from rhizosphere soils under Bidens pilosa individuals in different treatments (P<0.05). CK, Bare soil. Other treatments correspond to those in Table 1.

图2 三叶鬼针草不同处理根际土壤微生物群落PLFA的主成分分析及载荷因子贡献。各处理的代号见表1。

Fig. 2 Principle components analysis (PCA) of PLFA profiles from rhizosphere soil microbial communities and loadings factors of PLFA contributing to soil microbial communities ordination pattern of the different treatments of Bidens pilosa. The treatments correspond to those in Table 1.

表2 不同处理对三叶鬼针草根际不同类群微生物PLFAs量的影响(单位μg/g) (平均值±标准差,)。A: 放线菌; AMF: 丛枝菌根真菌; F: 真菌; G-: 格兰氏阴性菌; G+: 格兰氏阳性菌; P: 放线菌; F/B: 真菌和细菌的比值; G-/G+: 革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的比值。CK: 裸土, 各处理的代号见表1。不同字母表示多重比较差异显著(P < 0.05)

Table 2 The change of PLFAs extracted from rhizosphere soils of Bidens pilosa in different treatments (unit μg/g) (mean ± SD, P<0.05). A, Actinomycetes; AMF, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; F, Fungi; G-, Gram-negative bacterium; G+, Gram-positive bacterium; P, Actinomycetes; F/B, Ratio of fungi and bacterium; G-/G+, Ratio of gram-negative bacterium and gram-positive bacterium. CK, Bare soil. The treatments correspond to those in Table 1. The different superscripts indicate significant difference between treatments after multiplicative comparison (P < 0.05).

处理 Treatment	A	AMF					F/B	G^-/G⁺
CK	1.21±0.04^c	1.48±0.44^b	3.63±0.67^b	4.01±0.47^d	5.04±0.67^d	0.37±0.10^c	0.80±0.04^a	0.12±0.00^d
B	1.82±0.07^b	14.87±6.69^ab	6.28±0.43^ab	6.66±0.32^b	7.71±0.44^b	1.19±0.33^ab	0.91±0.06^a	0.14±0.00^b
B+S	2.29±0.17^a	16.96±4.20^a	8.40±2.19^a	9.11±0.32^a	9.73±0.58^a	1.41±0.79^a	0.92±0.19^a	0.15±0.00^a
B+C	1.70±0.06^b	4.97±1.26^ab	4.78±0.05^ab	5.32±0.06^c	7.35±0.08^bc	0.54±0.06^bc	0.74±0.00^a	0.14±0.00^b
B+M	1.73±0.18^b	9.08±4.78^ab	8.01±4.00^a	5.65±0.84^c	6.63±0.12^c	1.04±0.16^abc	1.38±0.33^a	0.13±0.00^c

表3 三叶鬼针草不同处理根际土壤的养分含量。不同字母表示多重比较差异显著(P < 0.05)。CK: 裸土, 各处理的代号见表1。

Table 3 Change of total nutrient extracted from rhizosphere soils of Bidens pilosa in different treatments. The different superscripts indicate significant difference between treatments after multiplicative comparison (P < 0.05). CK, Bare soil. The treatments correspond to those in Table 1.

	速效钾 Available K	有机碳 Organic carbon	pH	速效磷 Available P	硝态氮 Nitrate N	铵态氮 Ammonium N
CK	221.67±8.62^a	6.7.0±0.07^c	7.94±0.01^c	1.13±0.18^c	21.72±1.96^c	71.50±1.54^a
B	201.33±4.93^b	10.34±0.3^a	8.26±0.04^a	1.77±0.09^b	23.65±2.01^ab	66.07±0.71^bc
B+S	221.67±0.58^a	9.46±0.53^b	8.09±0.06^b	2.52±0.10^a	21.51±1.19^c	66.41±2.68^b
B+C	205.00±1.73^b	9.75±0.24^b	8.07±0.02^b	1.73±0.06^b	25.05±0.73^a	63.93±1.53^c
B+M	198.00±2.65^b	9.29±0.09^b	7.97±0.09^c	2.48±0.28^a	20.85±0.71^c	64.45±2.13^c

表4 三叶鬼针草不同处理根际土壤酶的活性。不同字母表示多重比较差异显著(P < 0.05)。CK: 裸土, 各处理的代号见表1。

Table 4 Enzyme activity extracted from rhizosphere soils of Bidens pilosa in different treatments. The different superscripts indicate significant difference between treatments after multiplicative comparison (P < 0.05). CK, Bare soil. The treatments correspond to those in Table 1.

处理 Treatment	蔗糖酶 Invertase	脲酶 Urease	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase
CK	42.74±0.15^d	10.99±0.49^e	64.41±0.87^d	23.04±0.55^d
B	66.13±3.78^bc	18.46±0.14^a	100.63±1.41^b	74.05±1.03^a
B+S	61.83±0.65^c	12.68±0.57^d	103.00±1.87^b	66.9±4.65^b
B+C	73.33±5.52^a	16.02±0.22^c	108.67±1.51^a	66.32±1.02^b
B+M	69.77±3.88^ab	16.92±0.09^b	96.89±0.62^c	59.50±3.03^c

图3 三叶鬼针草入侵地PLFAs与土壤养分的典范对应分析(CCA)二维排序

Fig. 3 Canoninal correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination of the relationship of PLFAs and soil nutrients in Bidens pilosa invasion region

图4 三叶鬼针草入侵地PLFAs与土壤酶活性典范对应分析(CCA)二维排序, ALP, 碱性磷酸酶; ACP, 酸性磷酸酶。

Fig. 4 Canoninal correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination of the relationship of PLFAs and soil enzyme activities in Bidens pilosa invasion region. ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; ACP, Acid phosphatase.

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三叶鬼针草与不同本地植物竞争对土壤微生物和土壤养分的影响

Effects of rhizosphere soil microorganisms and soil nutrients on competitiveness of Bidens pilosa with different native plants

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三叶鬼针草与不同本地植物竞争对土壤 微生物和土壤养分的影响

Effects of rhizosphere soil microorganisms and soil nutrients on competitiveness of Bidens pilosa with different native plants

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三叶鬼针草与不同本地植物竞争对土壤微生物和土壤养分的影响