大气CO2浓度和气温升高对麦田节肢动物群落的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13219

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了预测气候变化对麦田节肢动物群落多样性的影响, 本研究在麦田开放环境中设置4种处理, 分别是高温(高于当时气温2℃和当前CO₂浓度)、高CO₂浓度(500 μL/L和当时气温)、高温+高CO₂浓度和对照(当前CO₂浓度和气温)等, 采用定期随机抽样方法调查节肢动物群落的多样性, 用经典的多样性指数对整体节肢动物群落以及不同食性节肢动物群落多样性进行分析。共采到节肢动物3纲10目42科52种。仅“高温”和“高温+高CO₂”处理显著增大节肢动物群落的均匀度, 其余处理均无显著影响。“高温+高CO₂”处理的影响随小麦生长发育期不同而略有差异, 在苗期可增大Shannon-Wiener多样性指数, 而在后期使该指数减小; “高温+高CO₂”与“高温”处理的群落多样性较为相似。对不同食性节肢动物群落的分析表明, 与对照相比, 植食性昆虫群落在“高CO₂”下丰富度显著增大; 寄生性昆虫群落的多度在“高温”下显著增大; 腐食性等节肢动物群落的多度在“高CO₂+高温”和“高温”处理下有所增大、均匀度在“高温”下略降低, 但均未达统计上的显著水平; 捕食性节肢动物群落不受影响。本研究说明, CO₂浓度和气温升高不同程度地影响麦田节肢动物群落的物种多样性, 两类因素同时升高与各自单独升高的影响不完全一致。

关键词: 植食性昆虫多样性, 天敌昆虫多样性, FACE, 增温, 气候变化

Abstract

To project arthropod community response to climate change in wheat fields, a field survey of arthropods over the growing season was made in the plots under a factorial combination of two CO₂(ambient and 500 μL/L) and two temperature (ambient and +2℃) treatments. The survey collected 52 species, 42 families, 10 orders, and 3 classes. Analyses of overall arthropod community showed a significant increase in evenness due to “Elevated CO₂+ Increased temperature” treatment. Elevated CO₂ and increased temperature treatments had varying impacts on species diversity parameters within the wheat growing season. The “Elevated CO₂+ Increased temperature” treatment increased the Shannon-Wiener index slightly during the early growing season, but decreased it later in the season. Species diversity was most similar between the “Elevated CO₂ + Increased temperature” and the “Increased temperature” treatment. The analysis of arthropod communities by trophic level showed that the “Elevated CO₂” increased herbivorous insect richness and the “Increased temperature” increased parasitoid abundances, compared with the control. The treatments did not affect detritivorous and predaceous arthropod communities. The results of this study suggest that elevated CO₂and increased temperature can affect arthropod diversity in wheat fields, and the effects may vary between both elevated CO₂ and increased temperature and individual elevation of either CO₂ and temperature.

Key words: phytophagous insect diversity, carnivorous arthropod diversity, FACE, increased temperature, climate change

刘帅, 李保平, 孟玲, 张旭辉, 潘根兴 (2014) 大气CO₂浓度和气温升高对麦田节肢动物群落的影响. 生物多样性, 22, 502-507. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13219.

Shuai Liu, Baoping Li, Ling Meng, Xuhui Zhang, Genxing Pan (2014) Effects of elevated CO₂ and increased temperature on wheat field arthropod community. Biodiversity Science, 22, 502-507. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13219.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13219

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I4/502

图/表 4

参考文献 23

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处理 Treatment	多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	优势集中性指数 Dominant index (C)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (E)	丰富度Richness (S)	多度 Abundance
对照 (CK)	2.0209	0.2904	0.5831	32	857
高CO₂ Elevated CO₂	2.2452	0.2226	0.6421	33	773
高CO₂ + 高温 Elevated CO₂ + Increased temperature	2.3468	0.1531	0.6601	35	892
高温 Increased temperature	2.3938	0.1506	0.6788	34	902

处理 Treatment	多样性指数 Diversity index (H')	优势集中性指数 Dominant index (C)	均匀度指数 Evenness index (E)	丰富度Richness (S)	多度 Abundance
对照 (CK)	2.0209	0.2904	0.5831	32	857
高CO₂ Elevated CO₂	2.2452	0.2226	0.6421	33	773
高CO₂ + 高温 Elevated CO₂ + Increased temperature	2.3468	0.1531	0.6601	35	892
高温 Increased temperature	2.3938	0.1506	0.6788	34	902

节肢动物群落 Arthropod community	对照 CK	高CO₂ Elevated CO₂	高CO₂+高温 Elevated CO₂ + Increased temperature	高温 Increased temperature
植食性昆虫 Herbivorous insects
多度 Abundance	57.0 ± 2.4	51.0 ± 3.7	68.0 ± 7.0	71.0 ± 3.5
丰富度 Richness	9.0 ± 0.3	10.0 ± 0.7*	10.0 ± 1.2	8.0 ± 0.1
均匀度 Evenness	0.84 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1
捕食性节肢动物 Predaceous arthropod
多度 Abundance	23.0 ± 1.6	21.0 ± 3.8	22.0 ± 1.1	32.0 ± 1.9
丰富度 Richness	7.0 ± 0.2	6.0 ± 0.8	6.0 ± 0.5	7.0 ± 0.5
均匀度 Evenness	0.8 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1
寄生性昆虫 Parasitoids
多度 Abundance	15.0 ± 2.1	35.0 ± 5.3	53.0 ± 3.0	54.0 ± 11.6^*
丰富度 Richness	3.0 ± 0.2	3.0 ± 0.2	3.0 ± 0.4	4.0 ± 0.1
均匀度 Evenness	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1
腐食性节肢动物 Detritivorous arthropod
多度 Abundance	191.0 ± 3.0	150.0 ± 4.5	154.0 ± 10.0	143.0 ± 3.9
丰富度 Richness	4.0 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.2
均匀度 Evenness	0.5 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1

节肢动物群落 Arthropod community	对照 CK	高CO₂ Elevated CO₂	高CO₂+高温 Elevated CO₂ + Increased temperature	高温 Increased temperature
植食性昆虫 Herbivorous insects
多度 Abundance	57.0 ± 2.4	51.0 ± 3.7	68.0 ± 7.0	71.0 ± 3.5
丰富度 Richness	9.0 ± 0.3	10.0 ± 0.7*	10.0 ± 1.2	8.0 ± 0.1
均匀度 Evenness	0.84 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1
捕食性节肢动物 Predaceous arthropod
多度 Abundance	23.0 ± 1.6	21.0 ± 3.8	22.0 ± 1.1	32.0 ± 1.9
丰富度 Richness	7.0 ± 0.2	6.0 ± 0.8	6.0 ± 0.5	7.0 ± 0.5
均匀度 Evenness	0.8 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1
寄生性昆虫 Parasitoids
多度 Abundance	15.0 ± 2.1	35.0 ± 5.3	53.0 ± 3.0	54.0 ± 11.6^*
丰富度 Richness	3.0 ± 0.2	3.0 ± 0.2	3.0 ± 0.4	4.0 ± 0.1
均匀度 Evenness	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1
腐食性节肢动物 Detritivorous arthropod
多度 Abundance	191.0 ± 3.0	150.0 ± 4.5	154.0 ± 10.0	143.0 ± 3.9
丰富度 Richness	4.0 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.2
均匀度 Evenness	0.5 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1

	种 Species
蛛形纲 Arachnida
皿蛛科 Linyphiidae	隆背微蛛 Erigone prominens
	草间小黑蛛 Erigonidium graminicolum
蟹蛛科 Thomisidae	三突花蛛 Misumenops tricuspidatus
球腹蛛科 Theridiidae	八斑球腹蛛 Theridion octomaculatum
圆蛛科 Araneidae	灰斑新圆蛛 Neoscona griseomaculata
	大腹圆蛛 Araneus ventricosus
	黄褐新圆蛛 Neoscone doenitzi
肖蛸科 Tetragnathidae	卵腹肖蛸 Tetragnatha shkokiana
	鳞纹肖蛸 T. squamata
叶螨科 Tetranychidae	麦叶爪螨 Pentfaleus major
弹尾纲 Collembola
长角跳虫科 Entomobryidae	长角跳虫 Entomobrya sp.
昆虫纲 Insecta
剑角蝗科 Acrididae	中华剑角蝗 Acrida cinerea
宽蝽科 Veliidae	宽蝽 Microvelia donglasi
盲蝽科 Miridae	赤须盲蝽 Trigonotylus ruficornis
长蝽科 Lygaeidae	大眼长蝽 Geocoris pallidipennis
缘蝽科 Coreidae	平肩棘缘蝽 Cletus tenuis
叶蝉科 Cicadellidae	大青叶蝉 Cicadella viridis
	电光叶蝉 Inazuma dorsalis
	黑尾叶蝉 Nephotettix bipunctatus
	条沙叶蝉 Psammotettix striatus
飞虱科 Delphacidae	灰飞虱 Laodelphax striatellus
蚜科 Aphididae	麦长管蚜 Sitobion avenae
	禾谷缢管蚜 Rhopalosiphum padi
草蛉科 Chrysopidae	大草蛉 Chrysopa septempunctata
隐翅虫科 Staphylinidae	小黄立突眼隐翅虫 Stenus.dissimilis
蛛甲科 Ptinidae	蛛甲1种
花萤科 Cantharidae	花萤1种
瓢甲科 Coccinellidae	四星瓢虫 Hyperaspis repensis
	黑襟毛瓢虫 Scymnus hoffmanni
	龟纹瓢虫 Propylea japonica
	七星瓢虫 Coccinella septempunctata
叶甲科 Chrysomelinae	黄曲条跳甲 Phyllotreta striolata
螟蛾科 Pyralidae	印度谷螟 Plodia interpunctella
夜蛾科 Noctuidae	黏虫 Mythimna separata
瘿蚊科 Cecidomyiidae	麦红吸浆虫 Sitodiplosis mosellana
库蚊科Culicidae	库蚊1种
摇蚊科 Chironomidae	稻摇蚊 Chironomus oryzae
蛾蠓科 Psychodidae	蛾蠓1种
长足虻科 Dolichopodidae	长足虻1种
舞虻科 Empididae	舞虻1种
食蚜蝇科 Syrphidae	黑带食蚜蝇 Episyrphus balteata
鼓翅蝇科 Sepsidae	鼓翅蝇1种
秆蝇科 Chloropidae	麦黄秆蝇 Chlorops mugivora
蚤蝇科 Phoridae	蚤蝇1种
花蝇科 Anthomyiidae	灰地种蝇 Delia platura
姬蜂科 Ichneumonidae	食蚜蝇姬蜂 Diplozon laetatorius
茧蜂科 Braconidae	螟蛉绒茧蜂 Apanteles ruficrus
蚜茧蜂科 Aphidiidae	麦蚜茧蜂 Ephedrus plagialor
瘿蜂科 CyniPidae	瘿蜂1种
蚜小蜂科 Aphelinidae	蚜小蜂 Aphytis sp.
缨小蜂科 Mymaridae	叶蝉柄翅小蜂 Lymaenon longicrus
柄腹细蜂科 Heloridae	柄腹细蜂 1种

大气CO₂浓度和气温升高对麦田节肢动物群落的影响

Effects of elevated CO₂ and increased temperature on wheat field arthropod community

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