基于植物多度的群落物种组成与环境关联性分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10132

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

揭示群落物种组成与环境的关联性对于理解物种共存机制具有重要意义。传统生态种组划分不仅带有主观性, 且难以定量种组-环境的关联程度。本研究以浙江天童31个处于不同生境的植物群落为研究材料, 以群落实际物种组成作为研究对象, 利用物种多度分别构建了各群落的最大、实际和相对环境选择性指数, 并以随机模拟的群落环境关联性作为零假设, 通过与实际群落相比较来揭示群落物种组成的环境关联程度; 最后, 利用环境选择指数(environmental dependence index)与群落生境马氏距离(Mahalanobis distance)的相关分析来确认群落物种组成与环境的关联性。结果表明: 最大环境选择指数反映的是现有生境在理论上的最优群落配置组合的环境选择性, 实际选择指数可反映群落物种组成对现状生境的选择性, 相对环境选择指数可综合反映群落物种组成与环境间的关联性; 相对环境选择指数与单独生境因子的相关性不显著, 而与表征综合环境特征的Mahalanobis距离显著正相关; 随生境异质性增大, 群落物种组成的环境专一性更强。此结果为天童常绿阔叶林的群落物种组成与生境关联性提供了新证据, 也为如何完善物种与环境之间关系的定量化研究提供了借鉴。

关键词: 物种组成, 环境选择性, 随机过程, 生态种组, 群落类型, 马氏距离

Abstract

Revealing associations between species composition and environmental characteristics is crucial for understanding species coexistence. In past studies, traditional ecological species groups have been classified subjectively, and the associations between species groups and environment characteristics were not determined quantitatively. In this study, we evaluated environmental relationships of plant species composition among 31 plant communities within different habitats in Tiantong region, Zhejiang Province. Maximum, actual, and relative environmental dependence indices were defined respectively on the basis of plant abundance. We tested the actual association between species composition and environment using a random null hypothesis. The community type-environmental association was confirmed by Pearson correlation between relative environmental dependence index and Mahalanobis distance. The results showed that: (1) the maximum environmental dependence index is an idex of premium community type’s combination from randomization under current conditions and actual environmental dependence, which may be used to indicate preference of species composition to actual habitat conditions. The association between species composition and environmental characteristics may be denoted effectively by the relative environmental dependence index; (2) the relative environmental dependence index did not correlate with most single environmental variables, but significantly correlated with Mahalanobis distance; and (3) if habitat properties were more heterogeneous, species composition-environment association was more unique. These findings provide new evidence for relationships between plant species composition and environment characteristics in the evergreen broad-leaved forests in Tiantong region and an ameliorative reference for how to quantitatively determine species-environmental associations.

Key words: species composition, environmental dependence, stochastic process, ecological species group, community type, Mahalanobis distance

谢一鸣, 许月, 康蒙, 阎恩荣 (2013) 基于植物多度的群落物种组成与环境关联性分析. 生物多样性, 21, 80-89. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10132.

Yiming Xie,Yue Xu,Meng Kang,Enrong Yan (2013) Analysis of plant abundance-based association between community species composition and environmental properties. Biodiversity Science, 21, 80-89. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10132.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10132

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I1/80

图/表 7

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编号 Code	群落类型 Community types	生境类型 Habitat types	年龄^a Yr	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	坡向 Exposure	群落高度 Height (m)	丰富度^b Species richness	马氏距离^c Mahalanobis distance
1	马尾松草灌 Pinus massoniana and herbosa mixed shrub	坡底 Bottom slope	10	82	25º	SE40º	7	9	4.06
2	常绿灌丛 Evergreen shrub	坡中 Central slope	15	161	15º	SE10º	6	16	0.79
3	栲树+木荷群落 Castanopsis fargesii+Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	120	272	30º	SE20º	23	12	7.58
4	木荷群落 Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	60	245	20º	SE25º	21	13	2.95
5	马尾松+木荷群落 Pinus massoniana+Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	25	129	23º	SE20º	12	12	3.16
6	木荷+米槠群落 Schima superba+Castanopsis carlesii Comm.	坡底 Bottom slope	30	98	20º	SE80º	15	8	3.61
7	栲树群落 Castanopsis fargesii Comm.	坡中 Central slope	150	110	26º	SE45º	25	26	6.48
8	栲树群落 Castanopsis fargesii Comm.	坡中 Central slope	150	110	22º	SE45º	25	24	6.70
9	栲树群落 Castanopsis fargesii Comm.	坡中 Central slope	150	110	21º	SE45º	24	16	3.88
10	马尾松群落 Pinus massoniana Comm.	山脊 Hill ridge	20	157	20º	SE15º	13	12	0.84
11	马尾松群落 Pinus massoniana Comm.	山脊 Hill ridge	20	159	18º	SE18º	12	14	1.48
12	马尾松群落 Pinus massoniana Comm.	山脊 Hill ridge	20	160	18º	SE17º	11	11	1.09
13	落叶灌丛 Deciduous shrub	坡中 Central slope	10	59	10º	SE60º	6	7	3.61
14	木荷群落 Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	60	111	20º	SE70º	22	20	5.86
15	木荷群落 Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	55	111	20º	SE70º	21	15	3.38
16	木荷群落 Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	60	111	20º	SE70º	22	18	2.26
17	赤皮青冈群落 Cyclobalanopsis gilva Comm.	沟谷 Ravine	65	153	26º	SE5º	25	13	10.40
18	枫香群落 Liquidambar formosana Comm.	沟谷 Ravine	55	242	20º	SE18º	25	6	9.02
19	栲树+木荷群落 Castanopsis fargesii+Schima superba Comm.	山脊 Hill ridge	80	235	40º	SE80º	24	15	1.94
20	木荷群落 Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	65	199	25º	SE70º	23	14	2.50
21	常绿灌丛 Evergreen shrub	山脊 Hill ridge	10	230	20º	SE15º	5	17	1.70
22	落叶灌丛 Deciduous shrub	坡底 Bottom slope	8	125	30º	SE35º	5	7	10.69
23	南酸枣群落 Choerospondias axillaris Comm.	沟谷 Ravine	120	233	30º	SE40º	26	15	15.09
24	褐叶青冈群落 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana Comm.	山顶 Peak	130	386	20º	SE60º	25	13	11.16
25	褐叶青冈群落 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana Comm.	山顶 Peak	130	388	25º	SE60º	24	11	5.85
26	褐叶青冈群落 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana Comm.	山顶 Peak	130	373	20º	SE63º	23	13	6.23
27	云山青冈群落 Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia Comm.	山顶 Peak	120	446	25º	SE55º	22	14	21.51
28	常绿灌丛 Evergreen shrub	坡中 Central slope	15	116	26º	SE20º	6	16	6.03
29	常绿灌丛 Evergreen shrub	坡中 Central slope	15	116	25º	SE20º	7	20	3.85
30	常绿灌丛 Evergreen shrub	坡中 Central slope	15	117	25º	SE20º	6	16	8.21
31	马尾松草灌 Pinus massoniana and herbosa mixed shrub	坡中 Central slope	10	47	30º	SE30º	5	7	8.10

编号 Code	群落类型 Community types	生境类型 Habitat types	年龄^a Yr	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	坡向 Exposure	群落高度 Height (m)	丰富度^b Species richness	马氏距离^c Mahalanobis distance
1	马尾松草灌 Pinus massoniana and herbosa mixed shrub	坡底 Bottom slope	10	82	25º	SE40º	7	9	4.06
2	常绿灌丛 Evergreen shrub	坡中 Central slope	15	161	15º	SE10º	6	16	0.79
3	栲树+木荷群落 Castanopsis fargesii+Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	120	272	30º	SE20º	23	12	7.58
4	木荷群落 Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	60	245	20º	SE25º	21	13	2.95
5	马尾松+木荷群落 Pinus massoniana+Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	25	129	23º	SE20º	12	12	3.16
6	木荷+米槠群落 Schima superba+Castanopsis carlesii Comm.	坡底 Bottom slope	30	98	20º	SE80º	15	8	3.61
7	栲树群落 Castanopsis fargesii Comm.	坡中 Central slope	150	110	26º	SE45º	25	26	6.48
8	栲树群落 Castanopsis fargesii Comm.	坡中 Central slope	150	110	22º	SE45º	25	24	6.70
9	栲树群落 Castanopsis fargesii Comm.	坡中 Central slope	150	110	21º	SE45º	24	16	3.88
10	马尾松群落 Pinus massoniana Comm.	山脊 Hill ridge	20	157	20º	SE15º	13	12	0.84
11	马尾松群落 Pinus massoniana Comm.	山脊 Hill ridge	20	159	18º	SE18º	12	14	1.48
12	马尾松群落 Pinus massoniana Comm.	山脊 Hill ridge	20	160	18º	SE17º	11	11	1.09
13	落叶灌丛 Deciduous shrub	坡中 Central slope	10	59	10º	SE60º	6	7	3.61
14	木荷群落 Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	60	111	20º	SE70º	22	20	5.86
15	木荷群落 Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	55	111	20º	SE70º	21	15	3.38
16	木荷群落 Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	60	111	20º	SE70º	22	18	2.26
17	赤皮青冈群落 Cyclobalanopsis gilva Comm.	沟谷 Ravine	65	153	26º	SE5º	25	13	10.40
18	枫香群落 Liquidambar formosana Comm.	沟谷 Ravine	55	242	20º	SE18º	25	6	9.02
19	栲树+木荷群落 Castanopsis fargesii+Schima superba Comm.	山脊 Hill ridge	80	235	40º	SE80º	24	15	1.94
20	木荷群落 Schima superba Comm.	坡中 Central slope	65	199	25º	SE70º	23	14	2.50
21	常绿灌丛 Evergreen shrub	山脊 Hill ridge	10	230	20º	SE15º	5	17	1.70
22	落叶灌丛 Deciduous shrub	坡底 Bottom slope	8	125	30º	SE35º	5	7	10.69
23	南酸枣群落 Choerospondias axillaris Comm.	沟谷 Ravine	120	233	30º	SE40º	26	15	15.09
24	褐叶青冈群落 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana Comm.	山顶 Peak	130	386	20º	SE60º	25	13	11.16
25	褐叶青冈群落 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana Comm.	山顶 Peak	130	388	25º	SE60º	24	11	5.85
26	褐叶青冈群落 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana Comm.	山顶 Peak	130	373	20º	SE63º	23	13	6.23
27	云山青冈群落 Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia Comm.	山顶 Peak	120	446	25º	SE55º	22	14	21.51
28	常绿灌丛 Evergreen shrub	坡中 Central slope	15	116	26º	SE20º	6	16	6.03
29	常绿灌丛 Evergreen shrub	坡中 Central slope	15	116	25º	SE20º	7	20	3.85
30	常绿灌丛 Evergreen shrub	坡中 Central slope	15	117	25º	SE20º	6	16	8.21
31	马尾松草灌 Pinus massoniana and herbosa mixed shrub	坡中 Central slope	10	47	30º	SE30º	5	7	8.10

非线性回归模型 Nonlinear regression model	模型公式 Model
指数模型 Exponential	y=y₀ + Ae^-x/t{Invalid MML}
幂函数模型 Power	y=ax^b
对数模型 Logarithm	y=a - bln(x + c)
多项式模型 Polynomial	y=a₀+ a₁x + a₂x² + a₃x³

非线性回归模型 Nonlinear regression model	模型公式 Model
指数模型 Exponential	y=y₀ + Ae^-x/t{Invalid MML}
幂函数模型 Power	y=ax^b
对数模型 Logarithm	y=a - bln(x + c)
多项式模型 Polynomial	y=a₀+ a₁x + a₂x² + a₃x³

群落号 Community code	实际值 Actual	最大Maximum	相对值 Relative	拟合最大值^a Fitted maximum	拟合相对值^a Fitted relative
1	0.258	0.734	0.351	0.805	0.320
2	0.100	0.583	0.172	0.588	0.170
3	0.029	0.596	0.049	0.678	0.043
4	0.164	0.730	0.224	0.649	0.252
5	0.196	0.606	0.324	0.678	0.289
6	0.169	1.000	0.169	0.865	0.195
7	0.252	0.520	0.484	0.517	0.487
8	0.330	0.525	0.628	0.523	0.630
9	0.178	0.664	0.268	0.588	0.302
10	0.266	0.783	0.339	0.678	0.391
11	0.279	0.664	0.421	0.625	0.447
12	0.293	0.619	0.473	0.713	0.410
13	0.243	0.906	0.269	0.937	0.260
14	0.121	0.532	0.227	0.544	0.222
15	0.172	0.618	0.278	0.605	0.284
16	0.179	0.562	0.318	0.562	0.318
17	0.175	0.630	0.278	0.649	0.270
18	0.465	1.000	0.465	1.023	0.454
19	0.097	0.583	0.166	0.605	0.160
20	0.052	0.647	0.081	0.625	0.084
21	0.225	0.559	0.402	0.574	0.392
22	0.714	0.982	0.727	0.937	0.762
23	0.685	0.599	1.144	0.605	1.132
24	0.366	0.617	0.594	0.649	0.564
25	0.165	0.773	0.213	0.713	0.231
26	0.229	0.631	0.363	0.649	0.352
27	0.262	0.591	0.443	0.625	0.419
28	0.161	0.652	0.247	0.588	0.274
29	0.253	0.525	0.481	0.544	0.465
30	0.142	0.536	0.266	0.588	0.242
31	0.270	0.906	0.298	0.937	0.289
均值 Mean	0.242	0.673	0.360	0.673	0.358
标准差 SD.	0.152	0.145	0.212	0.135	0.209
范围 Range	0.685	0.480	1.095	0.506	1.089
最大值 Max.	0.714	1.000	1.144	1.023	1.132
最小值 Min.	0.029	0.520	0.049	0.517	0.043