生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 21431. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021431
李正飞1, 蒋小明2, 王军3, 孟星亮1, 张君倩1, 谢志才1,*()
收稿日期:
2021-10-29
接受日期:
2022-01-08
出版日期:
2022-06-20
发布日期:
2022-01-09
通讯作者:
谢志才
作者简介:
* E-mail: gxf005@hotmail.com基金资助:
Zhengfei Li1, Xiaoming Jiang2, Jun Wang3, Xingliang Meng1, Junqian Zhang1, Zhicai Xie1,*()
Received:
2021-10-29
Accepted:
2022-01-08
Online:
2022-06-20
Published:
2022-01-09
Contact:
Zhicai Xie
摘要:
雅鲁藏布江流域维系着丰富而独特的生物资源, 是全球生物多样性研究的热点区域。然而, 该流域底栖动物多样性的调查却极不充分。本文于2015年10月和2016年3月对雅鲁藏布江干流(朗县至墨脱段)和主要支流的底栖动物进行了调查, 并采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)和典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis)等对群落多样性格局进行解析。共采集到底栖动物270种, 隶属于5门8纲20目92科, 包括昆虫纲246种, 寡毛纲14种, 腹足纲4种, 其他动物6种。春季和秋季分别采集到底栖动物184种和214种, 优势种均以喜清洁和冷水的水生昆虫为主, 包括四节蜉属一种(Baetis sp.)、花翅蜉属一种(Baetiella sp.)、蚋属一种(Simulium sp.)、小突摇蚊属一种(Micropsetra sp.)和短石蛾属一种(Brachycentrus sp.)等。全流域平均密度为939.1 ind./m2,sp.)等。平均生物量为5.44 g/m2。底栖动物的物种组成、密度和多样性在季节和区域之间存在一定差异, 支流的多样性显著高于干流。典范对应分析显示, 海拔、流速、河宽和底质类型等环境因子是影响雅鲁藏布江流域底栖动物群落结构的关键环境因素, 而大峡谷地区多变的气候类型和地理阻隔是造成群落变化的根本原因。本研究可为雅鲁藏布江流域底栖动物多样性评估和环境监测提供重要的基础和参考。
李正飞, 蒋小明, 王军, 孟星亮, 张君倩, 谢志才 (2022) 雅鲁藏布江中下游底栖动物物种多样性及其影响因素. 生物多样性, 30, 21431. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021431.
Zhengfei Li, Xiaoming Jiang, Jun Wang, Xingliang Meng, Junqian Zhang, Zhicai Xie (2022) Species diversity and driving factors of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21431. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021431.
图3 雅鲁藏布江各区域底栖动物群落差异的CAP排序图。(a)春季; (b)秋季。
Fig. 3 Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) ordination diagrams of benthic macroinvertebrates in different reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. (a) Spring; (b) Autumn.
时期 Periods | 干流 Main stream | 大峡谷上游支流 Upstream branches | 大峡谷下游支流 Downstream branches | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
密度 Density (ind./m2) | 春季 Spring | 477.5 ± 465.6a | 1,402.2 ± 1,080.6b | 1,075.7 ± 1,319.4b | 6.741 | 0.005 |
秋季 Autumn | 327.1 ± 301.7a | 1,219.2 ± 1,008.3b | 1,321.9 ± 864.6b | 5.945 | 0.007 | |
生物量 Biomass (g/m2) | 春季 Spring | 2.12 ± 3.69a | 7.05 ± 4.36ab | 8.24 ± 7.28b | 4.114 | 0.028 |
秋季 Autumn | 2.89 ± 4.68 | 5.71 ± 7.50 | 3.37 ± 2.31 | 0.872 | 0.428 |
表1 雅鲁藏布江干支流断面底栖动物密度与生物量的比较
Table 1 Comparison of density and biomass of macroinvertebrates in different reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River
时期 Periods | 干流 Main stream | 大峡谷上游支流 Upstream branches | 大峡谷下游支流 Downstream branches | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
密度 Density (ind./m2) | 春季 Spring | 477.5 ± 465.6a | 1,402.2 ± 1,080.6b | 1,075.7 ± 1,319.4b | 6.741 | 0.005 |
秋季 Autumn | 327.1 ± 301.7a | 1,219.2 ± 1,008.3b | 1,321.9 ± 864.6b | 5.945 | 0.007 | |
生物量 Biomass (g/m2) | 春季 Spring | 2.12 ± 3.69a | 7.05 ± 4.36ab | 8.24 ± 7.28b | 4.114 | 0.028 |
秋季 Autumn | 2.89 ± 4.68 | 5.71 ± 7.50 | 3.37 ± 2.31 | 0.872 | 0.428 |
图4 雅鲁藏布江春季干支流河段底栖动物多样性指数的差异。不同字母表示存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 4 Comparation of diversity index of benthic macroinvertebrates in different reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in spring. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
图5 雅鲁藏布江秋季干支流河段底栖动物多样性指数的差异。不同字母表示存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 5 Comparation of diversity index of macroinvertebrates in different regions of the Yarlung Zangbo River in autumn. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
图6 雅鲁藏布江春季(a)和秋季(b)底栖动物物种与环境因子的典范对应分析排序图
Fig. 6 Canonical correspondence analysis ordination diagram of benthic macroinvertebrate communities with significant environmental variables in spring (a) and autumn (b)
获取的关键因子 Key factors selected | 与排序轴的相关系数 Correlation coefficients with the axes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | Axis 1 | Axis 2 | Axis 3 | Axis 4 | ||
春季 Spring | 海拔 Altitude | 1.60 | 0.001 | 0.762 | -0.183 | -0.408 | -0.182 |
河宽 Depth | 1.93 | 0.001 | 0.643 | 0.019 | 0.121 | 0.164 | |
pH | 1.23 | 0.064 | 0.485 | -0.405 | 0.292 | 0.097 | |
流速 Velocity | 1.25 | 0.080 | -0.325 | 0.175 | 0.454 | -0.606 | |
秋季 Autumn | 海拔 Altitude | 1.78 | 0.001 | 0.070 | 0.266 | 0.612 | -0.521 |
沙% Sand% | 1.89 | 0.004 | 0.682 | 0.243 | -0.339 | -0.015 | |
pH | 1.61 | 0.004 | -0.165 | -0.205 | -0.226 | -0.478 | |
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen | 1.67 | 0.004 | -0.406 | 0.453 | -0.168 | 0.226 | |
水深 Depth | 1.46 | 0.052 | 0.289 | 0.123 | 0.551 | 0.244 | |
河宽 Width | 1.48 | 0.021 | 0.203 | -0.268 | 0.194 | -0.047 |
表2 雅鲁藏布江底栖动物群落结构与环境因子关系的典范对应分析结果汇总表
Table 2 The key environmental factors affecting macroinvertebrate communities in the Yarlung Zangbo River based on canonical correspondence analysis
获取的关键因子 Key factors selected | 与排序轴的相关系数 Correlation coefficients with the axes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | Axis 1 | Axis 2 | Axis 3 | Axis 4 | ||
春季 Spring | 海拔 Altitude | 1.60 | 0.001 | 0.762 | -0.183 | -0.408 | -0.182 |
河宽 Depth | 1.93 | 0.001 | 0.643 | 0.019 | 0.121 | 0.164 | |
pH | 1.23 | 0.064 | 0.485 | -0.405 | 0.292 | 0.097 | |
流速 Velocity | 1.25 | 0.080 | -0.325 | 0.175 | 0.454 | -0.606 | |
秋季 Autumn | 海拔 Altitude | 1.78 | 0.001 | 0.070 | 0.266 | 0.612 | -0.521 |
沙% Sand% | 1.89 | 0.004 | 0.682 | 0.243 | -0.339 | -0.015 | |
pH | 1.61 | 0.004 | -0.165 | -0.205 | -0.226 | -0.478 | |
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen | 1.67 | 0.004 | -0.406 | 0.453 | -0.168 | 0.226 | |
水深 Depth | 1.46 | 0.052 | 0.289 | 0.123 | 0.551 | 0.244 | |
河宽 Width | 1.48 | 0.021 | 0.203 | -0.268 | 0.194 | -0.047 |
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