雅鲁藏布江中下游底栖动物物种多样性及其影响因素

doi:10.17520/biods.2021431

生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 21431. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021431

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全；昆虫多样性与生态功能

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

雅鲁藏布江中下游底栖动物物种多样性及其影响因素

李正飞¹, 蒋小明², 王军³, 孟星亮¹, 张君倩¹, 谢志才¹^,^*()

1.中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室, 武汉 430072
2.西安理工大学水利水电学院, 西安 710048
3.华中农业大学水产学院, 武汉 430070

收稿日期:2021-10-29 接受日期:2022-01-08 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-01-09
通讯作者: 谢志才
作者简介:* E-mail: gxf005@hotmail.com
基金资助:
科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY101903);科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY101906);中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司资助

Species diversity and driving factors of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

Zhengfei Li¹, Xiaoming Jiang², Jun Wang³, Xingliang Meng¹, Junqian Zhang¹, Zhicai Xie¹^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072
2. School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048
3. College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070

Received:2021-10-29 Accepted:2022-01-08 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-01-09
Contact: Zhicai Xie

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

雅鲁藏布江流域维系着丰富而独特的生物资源, 是全球生物多样性研究的热点区域。然而, 该流域底栖动物多样性的调查却极不充分。本文于2015年10月和2016年3月对雅鲁藏布江干流(朗县至墨脱段)和主要支流的底栖动物进行了调查, 并采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)和典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis)等对群落多样性格局进行解析。共采集到底栖动物270种, 隶属于5门8纲20目92科, 包括昆虫纲246种, 寡毛纲14种, 腹足纲4种, 其他动物6种。春季和秋季分别采集到底栖动物184种和214种, 优势种均以喜清洁和冷水的水生昆虫为主, 包括四节蜉属一种(Baetis sp.)、花翅蜉属一种(Baetiella sp.)、蚋属一种(Simulium sp.)、小突摇蚊属一种(Micropsetra sp.)和短石蛾属一种(Brachycentrus sp.)等。全流域平均密度为939.1 ind./m²,sp.)等。平均生物量为5.44 g/m²。底栖动物的物种组成、密度和多样性在季节和区域之间存在一定差异, 支流的多样性显著高于干流。典范对应分析显示, 海拔、流速、河宽和底质类型等环境因子是影响雅鲁藏布江流域底栖动物群落结构的关键环境因素, 而大峡谷地区多变的气候类型和地理阻隔是造成群落变化的根本原因。本研究可为雅鲁藏布江流域底栖动物多样性评估和环境监测提供重要的基础和参考。

关键词: 雅鲁藏布江, 底栖动物, 物种组成, 物种多样性, 典范对应分析

Abstract

Aims: The Yarlung Zangbo River basin supports rich and unique biological resources, which makes it a global biodiversity hotspot. However, surveys on benthic macroinvertebrates in this river basin are far from sufficient. To fill this gap, this study focused on the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, where macroinvertebrates were sampled from the main stream and tributaries in autumn (October 2015) and spring (March 2016).
Methods: One-way ANOVA was used to examine the differences of abundance, biomass and ecological indices between the main stream and tributaries. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) was adopted to test if community structures varied among different site groups. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was Applied to identify the key environmental factors that significantly influence the community structure of macroinvertebrates during each season.
Results: A total of 270 species were identified, belonging to 5 phyla 8 classes 20 orders and 92 families. The community included 246 aquatic insects, 14 oligochaetes, 4 mollusks and 6 others. The average density was 939.1 ind./m², and the average biomass was 5.44 g/m². 184 and 214 macroinvertebrate species were collected in spring and autumn, respectively. The dominant species were aquatic insects that preferred clean and cold water, including Baetis sp., Baetiella sp., Simulium sp., Micropsetra sp. and Brachycentrus sp. The community structure, density and diversity indices exhibited significant temporal and spatial variation, and the diversity in tributaries was significantly higher than that of the main stream. CCA analysis indicated that environmental factors including altitude, velocity, river width and substrate types were key factors structuring the benthic community in the Yarlung Zangbo River.
Conclusion: The variation in community structure and diversity pattern were mainly derived from the variable climate types and geological barriers in the Grand Canyon area. This study can provide important basis and reference for macroinvertebrate diversity assessments and environmental monitoring in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin.

Key words: Yarlung Zangbo River, benthic macroinvertebrates, species composition, species diversity, canonical correspondence analysis

李正飞, 蒋小明, 王军, 孟星亮, 张君倩, 谢志才 (2022) 雅鲁藏布江中下游底栖动物物种多样性及其影响因素. 生物多样性, 30, 21431. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021431.

Zhengfei Li, Xiaoming Jiang, Jun Wang, Xingliang Meng, Junqian Zhang, Zhicai Xie (2022) Species diversity and driving factors of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21431. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021431.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021431

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I6/21431

图/表 8

图1 雅鲁藏布江流域采样点分布图

Fig. 1 Geographical locations of the sampling sites in the Yarlung Zangbo River, China

图2 雅鲁藏布江流域大型底栖动物的物种组成

Fig. 2 Species composition of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Yarlung Zangbo River

图3 雅鲁藏布江各区域底栖动物群落差异的CAP排序图。(a)春季; (b)秋季。

Fig. 3 Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) ordination diagrams of benthic macroinvertebrates in different reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. (a) Spring; (b) Autumn.

表1 雅鲁藏布江干支流断面底栖动物密度与生物量的比较

Table 1 Comparison of density and biomass of macroinvertebrates in different reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

	时期 Periods	干流 Main stream	大峡谷上游支流 Upstream branches	大峡谷下游支流 Downstream branches	F	P
密度 Density (ind./m²)	春季 Spring	477.5 ± 465.6^a	1,402.2 ± 1,080.6^b	1,075.7 ± 1,319.4^b	6.741	0.005
密度 Density (ind./m²)	秋季 Autumn	327.1 ± 301.7^a	1,219.2 ± 1,008.3^b	1,321.9 ± 864.6^b	5.945	0.007
生物量 Biomass (g/m²)	春季 Spring	2.12 ± 3.69^a	7.05 ± 4.36^ab	8.24 ± 7.28^b	4.114	0.028
生物量 Biomass (g/m²)	秋季 Autumn	2.89 ± 4.68	5.71 ± 7.50	3.37 ± 2.31	0.872	0.428

图4 雅鲁藏布江春季干支流河段底栖动物多样性指数的差异。不同字母表示存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Comparation of diversity index of benthic macroinvertebrates in different reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in spring. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

图5 雅鲁藏布江秋季干支流河段底栖动物多样性指数的差异。不同字母表示存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Comparation of diversity index of macroinvertebrates in different regions of the Yarlung Zangbo River in autumn. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

图6 雅鲁藏布江春季(a)和秋季(b)底栖动物物种与环境因子的典范对应分析排序图

Fig. 6 Canonical correspondence analysis ordination diagram of benthic macroinvertebrate communities with significant environmental variables in spring (a) and autumn (b)

表2 雅鲁藏布江底栖动物群落结构与环境因子关系的典范对应分析结果汇总表

Table 2 The key environmental factors affecting macroinvertebrate communities in the Yarlung Zangbo River based on canonical correspondence analysis

	获取的关键因子 Key factors selected			与排序轴的相关系数 Correlation coefficients with the axes
	获取的关键因子 Key factors selected	F	P	Axis 1	Axis 2	Axis 3	Axis 4
春季 Spring	海拔 Altitude	1.60	0.001	0.762	-0.183	-0.408	-0.182
	河宽 Depth	1.93	0.001	0.643	0.019	0.121	0.164
	pH	1.23	0.064	0.485	-0.405	0.292	0.097
	流速 Velocity	1.25	0.080	-0.325	0.175	0.454	-0.606
秋季 Autumn	海拔 Altitude	1.78	0.001	0.070	0.266	0.612	-0.521
	沙% Sand%	1.89	0.004	0.682	0.243	-0.339	-0.015
	pH	1.61	0.004	-0.165	-0.205	-0.226	-0.478
	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen	1.67	0.004	-0.406	0.453	-0.168	0.226
	水深 Depth	1.46	0.052	0.289	0.123	0.551	0.244
	河宽 Width	1.48	0.021	0.203	-0.268	0.194	-0.047

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雅鲁藏布江中下游底栖动物物种多样性及其影响因素

Species diversity and driving factors of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

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