中国中亚热带常绿阔叶林群落木本植物多样性比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2023296

生物多样性 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 23296. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023296

• 半湿润常绿阔叶林专题 • 上一篇下一篇

中国中亚热带常绿阔叶林群落木本植物多样性比较

王晓凤¹, 米湘成³, 王希华⁴, 江明喜⁵, 杨涛¹, 张健⁴, 沈泽昊²^,¹^,^*()

1.云南大学生态与环境学院, 昆明 650091
2.北京大学城市与环境学院, 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871
3.中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室浙江钱江源森林生物多样性国家野外科学观测研究站, 北京 100093
4.华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 上海 200062
5.中国科学院武汉植物园水生植物与流域生态重点实验室, 武汉 430074

收稿日期:2023-08-15 接受日期:2023-11-11 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-12-21
通讯作者: * E-mail: shzh@urban.pku.edu.cn
基金资助:
云南省科技厅-云南大学双一流学科建设重大专项(2018FY001-002);云南省基础研究计划重大项目课题(202101BC07 0002)

Comparison of woody plant diversity in the evergreen broad-leaved forest in mid-subtropical China

Xiaofeng Wang¹, Xiangcheng Mi³, Xihua Wang⁴, Mingxi Jiang⁵, Tao Yang¹, Jian Zhang⁴, Zehao Shen²^,¹^,^*()

1 School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091
2 Key Laboratory of MOE for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
3 Zhejiang Qianjiangyuan Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
4 Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062
5 Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074

Received:2023-08-15 Accepted:2023-11-11 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-12-21
Contact: * E-mail: shzh@urban.pku.edu.cn

1. 附录1 中国中亚热带6个常绿阔叶林动态监测样地木本植物的科、属、种统计.pdf(154KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

常绿阔叶林是我国亚热带的地带性植被类型, 也是我国最重要的植被类型之一。常绿阔叶林植被型下各种群落类型的物种组成、结构、动态等特征已有大量研究, 本研究基于浙江的天童和古田山、湖南的八大公山以及云南的珠江源、雕翎山和鸡足山6个大型常绿阔叶林动态监测样地的调查数据, 对其木本植物的物种组成、区系成分、生长型类型百分比、种-面积关系进行了综合比较, 以期进一步了解中国中亚热带常绿阔叶林在东、中、西部地区的物种多样性差异。结果显示: (1)中国中亚热带中部的八大公山样地物种的科、属、种丰富度最高, 其次为东部的天童和古田山样地, 而西部的珠江源、雕翎山和鸡足山样地的丰富度最低, 相同植被类型样地的物种组成相似性最高, 东、中、西部的常绿阔叶林植被的物种组成存在显著的差异; (2)东部样地木本植物的科、属均以热带区系为主, 尤其泛热带分布的科、属最多, 而中、西部样地虽然以热带科为主, 但以温带属居多, 北温带分布属最多; (3)东、中部3个样地木本植物以乔木成分为主, 天童、古田山和八大公山样地乔木种比例分别是57.4%、51.6%和55.9%, 西部样地灌木(珠江源、雕翎山和鸡足山样地分别是56.9%、54.2%、48.5%)成分均高于乔木(43.1%、41.7%、42.7%), 中部样地木本植物落叶种(59.2%)占比远高于常绿种(40.8%), 东、西部样地则是常绿种比例高于落叶种, 天童、古田山、珠江源、雕翎山、鸡足山样地常绿种比例分别是51.3%、59.1%、62.7%、69.8%、58.3%; (4)八大公山和雕翎山样地的常绿种(分别有97种和67种)和落叶种(141种, 29种)在数量上差距最大, 雕翎山和珠江源样地的常绿种(69.8%, 62.7%)和落叶种(30.2%, 37.3%)在比例上差距最大。上述研究结果反映了中国中亚热带典型常绿阔叶林、山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林、半湿润常绿阔叶林的群落物种组成、物种多样性和群落结构的差异, 为指示中亚热带常绿阔叶林植被从东到西的物种周转特征和植被变化规律提供了科学依据。

关键词: 动态监测样地, 物种组成, 区系成分, 生长型, 种-面积曲线

Abstract

Aims: The evergreen broad-leaved forest is a zonal vegetation type in the subtropical region of China. Evergreen broad-leaved forests are widely distributed in China, so a variety of vegetation subtypes are available. This study aims to discuss the differences between evergreen broad-leaved forest communities from the eastern coast to the western interior.

Methods: We selected Tiantong, Gutian Mountains (GTS), Badagongshan Mountains (BDGS), Zhujiangyuan (ZJY), Diaoling Mountains (DLS) and Jizu Mountains (JZS) forest dynamics plots as the research objects. Based on nationally available data on woody plants in the six plots, we first unified the species’ names and counted the number of families, genera, and species of each plot. Then we investigated the distribution type and growth-form of all species. Based on these results, we compared the species composition and structure differences of six plots by Jaccard similarity analysis, the redundancy analysis, and the species-area curve analysis.

Results: The results showed: (1) The richness of woody plants in the BDGS plot was the highest, followed by TT plot, GTS plot, JZS plot, DLS plot and ZJY plot. The species composition of evergreen broad-leaved forests in the eastern region of mid-subtropical China is significantly different from that in the western region, with species belonging to the same vegetation subtype being more similar. (2) On the composition of growth form spectrum, the woody plants in the plots of the eastern region mainly belong to tropical families and tropical genera, with most families and genera distributed in the Pantropic zone. In other plots, the woody plants mainly belonged to tropical families but most belonged to temperate genera within the tropical families, with the most genera distributed in the Northern Temperate zone. (3) Plots in the eastern and central regions hold more trees than shrubs, while in the western region, plots hold more shrubs than trees. Only the BDGS plot holds more deciduous woody plants (59.2%) than evergreen woody plants (40.8%), while in other plots, the opposite is true. (4) The BDGS plot differs the most in the richness of evergreens (97) and deciduous woody plants (141), while the DLS plot differs the most in the proportion of evergreens (69.8%) and deciduous woody plants (30.2%).

Conclusion: Our results reflect the differences in community species composition, species diversity, and community structure among typical evergreen broad-leaved forests, mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests, and semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests in mid-subtropical China. The study supplements the comparative analysis among multiple vegetation subtypes in evergreen broad-leaved forests and provides a scientific basis for revealing the species turnover characteristics and change patterns among evergreen broad-leaved forests from the eastern to the western region in mid-subtropical China.

Key words: forest dynamics plot, species composition, floristic components, growth-form, species-area curve

王晓凤, 米湘成, 王希华, 江明喜, 杨涛, 张健, 沈泽昊 (2023) 中国中亚热带常绿阔叶林群落木本植物多样性比较. 生物多样性, 31, 23296. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023296.

Xiaofeng Wang, Xiangcheng Mi, Xihua Wang, Mingxi Jiang, Tao Yang, Jian Zhang, Zehao Shen (2023) Comparison of woody plant diversity in the evergreen broad-leaved forest in mid-subtropical China. Biodiversity Science, 31, 23296. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023296.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023296

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2023/V31/I11/23296

图/表 7

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样地名称 Plot name	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	样地面积 Plot area (ha)	物种数 No. of species (DBH ≥ 1 cm)	个体密度 Stem density (ind./ha)
天童 Tiantong (TT)	29°48′ N, 121°47′ E	304-603	13°-50°	20	152	4,730
古田山 Gutian Mountains (GTS)	29°15′ N, 118°07′ E	446.3-715	13°-62°	24	159	5,863
八大公山 Badagongshan Mountains (BDGS)	29°46' N, 110°25' E	1,355-1,456	3°-69°	25	238	7,462
珠江源 Zhujiangyuan (ZJY)	25°54′ N, 103°55′ E	2,266-2,340	2°-44°	10	51	8,381
雕翎山 Diaoling Mountains (DLS)	25°13′ N, 101°47′ E	2,274-2,476	8°-45°	8.24	96	5,379
鸡足山 Jizu Mountains (JZS)	25°57′ N, 100°21′ E	2,434-2,561	4°-36°	20.16	103	5,103

样地名称 Plot name	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	样地面积 Plot area (ha)	物种数 No. of species (DBH ≥ 1 cm)	个体密度 Stem density (ind./ha)
天童 Tiantong (TT)	29°48′ N, 121°47′ E	304-603	13°-50°	20	152	4,730
古田山 Gutian Mountains (GTS)	29°15′ N, 118°07′ E	446.3-715	13°-62°	24	159	5,863
八大公山 Badagongshan Mountains (BDGS)	29°46' N, 110°25' E	1,355-1,456	3°-69°	25	238	7,462
珠江源 Zhujiangyuan (ZJY)	25°54′ N, 103°55′ E	2,266-2,340	2°-44°	10	51	8,381
雕翎山 Diaoling Mountains (DLS)	25°13′ N, 101°47′ E	2,274-2,476	8°-45°	8.24	96	5,379
鸡足山 Jizu Mountains (JZS)	25°57′ N, 100°21′ E	2,434-2,561	4°-36°	20.16	103	5,103

	天童 Tiantong (TT)	古田山 GTS	八大公山 BDGS	珠江源 ZJY	雕翎山 DLS
古田山 Gutian Mountains (GTS)	0.376
八大公山 Badagongshan Mountains (BDGS)	0.154	0.144
珠江源 Zhujiangyuan (ZJY)	0.036	0.024	0.059
雕翎山 Diaoling Mountains (DLS)	0.025	0.024	0.044	0.225
鸡足山 Jizu Mountains (JZS)	0.012	0.008	0.033	0.176	0.276

	天童 Tiantong (TT)	古田山 GTS	八大公山 BDGS	珠江源 ZJY	雕翎山 DLS
古田山 Gutian Mountains (GTS)	0.376
八大公山 Badagongshan Mountains (BDGS)	0.154	0.144
珠江源 Zhujiangyuan (ZJY)	0.036	0.024	0.059
雕翎山 Diaoling Mountains (DLS)	0.025	0.024	0.044	0.225
鸡足山 Jizu Mountains (JZS)	0.012	0.008	0.033	0.176	0.276

分布型 Areal type	合计 Total		天童 TT		古田山 GTS		八大公山 BDGS		珠江源 ZJY		雕翎山 DLS		鸡足山 JZS
分布型 Areal type	科 Fa	属 Ge	科 Fa	属 Ge	科 Fa	属 Ge	科 Fa	属 Ge	科 Fa	属 Ge	科 Fa	属 Ge	科 Fa	属 Ge
D1	14	5	8	1	10	2	8	2	4		8	1	9	5
D2	23	33	17	21	15	24	14	18	4	6	11	11	9	11
D3	8	9	6	5	6	5	7	6	6	2	5	3	6	4
D4	2	11	2	9	2	8	2	3	1	1	1	2		3
D5	1	7	1	4	1	4	1	5		1		3		3
D6		5		1		2						3		3
D7	2	22	1	13	1	16	2	11		5	1	6	1	9
D2-7	36 (48.0%)	87 (42.2%)	27 (54.0%)	53 (55.2%)	25 (51.0%)	59 (56.7%)	26 (51.0%)	43 (37.0%)	11 (45.8%)	15 (38.4%)	18 (50.0%)	28 (43.1%)	16 (39.0%)	33 (42.8%)
D8	18	37	13	15	11	13	12	27	7	13	9	15	15	22
D9	3	24	1	11	3	16	2	15	1	5	1	10	1	7
D10		4		1						1		2		1
D11		1												1
D12		2						1				1		1
D14	3	35		12		11	3	22	1	4		8		6
D8-14	24 (32.0%)	103 (50.0%)	14 (28.0%)	39 (40.6%)	14 (28.6%)	40 (38.5%)	17 (33.3%)	65 (56.0%)	9 (37.5%)	23 (59.0%)	10 (27.8%)	36 (55.4%)	16 (39.0%)	38 (49.4%)
D15	1	11	1	3		3		6		1				1
合计 Total	75	206	50	96	49	104	51	116	24	39	36	65	41	77

中国中亚热带常绿阔叶林群落木本植物多样性比较

Comparison of woody plant diversity in the evergreen broad-leaved forest in mid-subtropical China

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自然保护区(风景区) Nature reserve (scenic spot)	天童国家森林公园 Tiantong National Forest Park	古田山国家级自然保护区 Gutian Mountains National Nature Reserve	八大公山国家级自然保护区 Badagongshan Mountains National Nature Reserve	珠江源省级自然保护区 Zhujiangyuan Provincial Nature Reserve	雕翎山省级自然保护区 Diaoling Mountains Provincial Nature Reserve	鸡足山风景名胜区 Jizu Mountains Scenic Spot
面积 Area (ha)	349	8,107	20,000	117,937	613	6,165
海拔 Altitude (m)	300-653.3	500-1,258	1,000-1,890.4	2,158-2,444	2,040-2,593.6	1,780-3,248
气候类型 Climate type	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	亚热带季风气候 Subtropical monsoon climate	山地湿润季风气候 Mountain humid monsoon climate	中亚热带高原季风气候 Mid-subtropical plateau monsoon climate	中亚热带高原季风气候 Mid-subtropical plateau monsoon climate	中亚热带高原季风气候 Mid-subtropical plateau monsoon climate
年均温 Mean annual temperature, MAT (℃)	16.2	15.3	11.5	18.1	19.2	18.5
最热月均温 Mean temperature of hottest month, MTHM (℃)	28.1	28.9	22.8	22.3	23.0	22.5
最冷月均温 Mean temperature of coldest month, MTCM (℃)	4.1	4.1	0.1	11.7	13.7	12.8
年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation, MAP (mm)	1,551	1,963.7	2,105.4	963.5	845	825.2
年均雨日 Mean annual rainy days, MARD (d)	-	142.5	176	-	-	-
年均无霜期 Mean annual frost free days, MAFD (d)	237.8	250	190	-	250	220
年均日照总时数 Mean annual total sunshine hours, MATSH (h)	-	1,334.1	-	2,108.2	-	2,063.3
平均相对湿度 Mean relative humidity, MRH (%)	85	92.4	90	-	75	-
种子植物科数 Families number of seed plants	148	149	165	150	112	163
种子植物属数 Genera number of seed plants	506	648	709	461	355	447
种子植物种数 Species number of seed plants	968	1,426	1,775	1,210	655	841
参考文献 Reference	张光富, 2000	宫贵权等, 2007; 祝燕等, 2008; 张田田等, 2020	李乾玺, 2017; 秦运芝等, 2018	温庆忠, 2002; 应红涛和张文芳, 2018; 杨涛等, 2023	吴娅萍等, 2016; 杨涛等, 2023	赵本忠, 2005; 杨涛等, 2023

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