5种东北红豆杉植物群丛及其物种多样性的比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2019112

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)是我国数量极少的珍贵濒危树种, 了解其天然群落的组成和特征对东北红豆杉种群的保护利用和恢复有重要意义。本文对吉林省天然东北红豆杉群落进行调查, 根据物种组成进行系统聚类分析。将20块40 m × 40 m样地划分为5种群丛类型, 分别以优势种进行命名, 即: Ⅰ. 舞鹤草-五味子+狗枣猕猴桃-紫椴+臭冷杉群丛; II. 东北羊角芹-狗枣猕猴桃-臭冷杉群丛; III. 盾叶唐松草-狗枣猕猴桃-臭冷杉群丛; IV. 舞鹤草-软枣猕猴桃-红松+紫椴+臭冷杉群丛; V. 舞鹤草-软枣猕猴桃-紫椴+臭冷杉群丛。对群丛的物种组成、群落结构和群丛类型、物种多样性进行了分析。物种多样性选用Menhinick丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数以及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数, 对比分析不同群丛特征。结果显示: 东北红豆杉植物群落组成中蔷薇科的种和属数所占比例最大; 5个群丛的多样性指数顺序为群丛V > 群丛III > 群丛IV > 群丛II > 群丛Ⅰ; 群丛Ⅰ和II具有较低的多样性和较高的优势度, 群丛II和群丛III的乔木层的多样性指数差异不明显, 但其丰富度指数和优势度指数却呈现了相反的特征; 群丛II丰富度低而优势度高, 而群丛III丰富度高而优势度低; 群丛III中的草本层的多样性高于乔木层, 群落郁闭度较低; 群丛IV和群丛V均位于和龙市荒沟林场, 随着海拔上升, 其物种多样性随之下降。结果表明, 不同物种组成的东北红豆杉植物群丛的群落特征存在显著差异。

关键词: 物种组成, 群丛, 系统聚类分析, 物种多样性, 东北红豆杉

Abstract

Taxus cuspidata is a rare and endangered species in China. Understanding the composition and characteristics of its natural communities is of great significance for its conservation, utilization and restoration. In this study, with hierarchical clustering based on species composition, we classified 20 plots of 40 m × 40 m in Jilin Province into five associations, which were named after dominant species, respectively, i.e., I. Maianthemum bifolium-Schisandra chinensis + Actinidia kolomikta-Tilia amurensis + Abies nephrolepis, II. Aegopodium alpestre-Actinidia kolomikta-Abies nephrolepis, III. Thalictrum ichangense-Actinidia kolomikta-Abies nephrolepis, IV. Maianthemum bifolium-Actinidia arguta-Pinus koraiensis + Tilia amurensis + Abies nephrolepis, and V. Maianthemum bifolium-Actinidia arguta-Tilia amurensis + Abies nephrolepis. The composition, community structure, association type, and species diversity were analysized. Species diversity was indicated by the Menhinick richness index, Pielou evenness index, Simpson dominance index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The results suggested that the Rosaceae genera comprised a large majority of T. cuspidata communities. The diversity index of the five associations ranked as Assoc. V > Assoc. III > Assoc. IV > Assoc. II > Assoc. I. Assoc. I and Assoc. II had lower diversity and higher dominance. The differences in the diversity indices of the arbor layers in associations II and association III were not significant, but the dominance index and the richness index demonstrated an opposite trend. However, the richness was higher and the dominance was lower in association III. The herb layer’s diversity index was higher than the arbor layer’s in association III so that the coverage in association III was lower in community. Both Assoc. IV and Assoc. V were located in Huanggou Forest Farm in Helong City. With the rise in altitude, the species diversity decreases. It showed that there were significant differences in the community characteristics of T. cuspidata communities with different dominant species.

Key words: species composition, association, hierarchical cluster analysis, species diversity, Taxus cuspidata

刘丹, 郭忠玲, 崔晓阳, 范春楠 (2020) 5种东北红豆杉植物群丛及其物种多样性的比较. 生物多样性, 28, 340-349. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019112.

Dan Liu, Zhongling Guo, Xiaoyang Cui, Chunnan Fan (2020) Comparison of five associations of Taxus cuspidata and their species diversity. Biodiversity Science, 28, 340-349. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019112.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019112

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I3/340

图/表 7

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层次 Layer	物种名 Species	拉丁名 Latin name	相对多度 Relative abundance	相对盖度 Relative coverage	相对频度 Relative frequency	重要值 Importance value
乔木层 Arbor	色木槭	Acer mono	1.37%	78.73%	2.15%	27.42%
	臭冷杉	Abies nephrolepis	22.39%	4.35%	20.57%	15.77%
	紫椴	Tilia amurensis	12.14%	4.27%	11.05%	9.15%
	髭脉槭	Acer barbinerve	12.33%	0.51%	9.40%	7.41%
	花楷槭	Acer ukurunduense	11.64%	0.54%	9.55%	7.24%
	东北红豆杉	Taxus cuspidata	6.79%	1.80%	8.64%	5.74%
	青楷槭	Acer tegmentosum	8.06%	0.66%	7.04%	5.25%
	红松	Pinus koraiensis	4.08%	2.55%	5.60%	4.08%
	硕桦	Betula costata	4.90%	1.50%	5.66%	4.02%
	鱼鳞云杉	Picea jezoensis	3.41%	2.06%	4.95%	3.47%
	杉松	Abies holophylla	2.88%	0.55%	3.71%	2.38%
灌木层 Shrub	软枣猕猴桃	Actinidia arguta	17.09%	30.29%	15.67%	21.02%
	狗枣猕猴桃	Actinidia kolomikta	18.18%	18.60%	11.04%	15.94%
	刺五加	Acanthopanax senticosus	9.02%	8.40%	11.48%	9.63%
	长白忍冬	Lonicera ruprechtiana	11.60%	6.29%	9.05%	8.98%
	东北溲疏	Deutzia parviflora	5.70%	9.01%	8.17%	7.63%
	瘤枝卫矛	Euonymus verrucosus	4.61%	2.70%	7.51%	4.94%
	五味子	Schisandra chinensis	6.38%	5.55%	2.43%	4.78%
	长白茶藨	Ribes komarovii	5.36%	2.30%	6.18%	4.61%
	栓翅卫矛	Euonymus phellomanus	6.21%	1.82%	4.86%	4.30%
	卫矛	Euonymus alatus	3.26%	1.29%	5.74%	3.43%
	东北山梅花	Philadelphus schrenkii	2.68%	4.36%	3.09%	3.38%
	辽东楤木	Aralia elata	1.80%	2.99%	3.09%	2.62%
草本层 Herbage	盾叶唐松草	Thalictrum ichangense	11.46%	9.62%	17.82%	12.97%
	东北羊角芹	Aegopodium alpestre	11.83%	8.34%	14.50%	11.56%
	舞鹤草	Maianthemum bifolium	12.47%	11.24%	9.75%	11.15%
	白花酢浆草	Oxalis acetosella	14.00%	9.83%	9.07%	10.97%
	丝引薹草	Carex remotiuscula	9.95%	6.06%	5.40%	7.14%
	稀羽鳞毛蕨	Dryopteris sparsa	4.83%	4.64%	9.25%	6.24%
	华西龙头草	Meehania fargesii	2.85%	3.97%	2.50%	3.11%
	东北蹄盖蕨	Athyrium brevifrons	0.88%	1.41%	4.16%	2.15%
	毛缘薹草	Carex pilosa	2.24%	1.75%	2.16%	2.05%

层次 Layer	物种名 Species	拉丁名 Latin name	相对多度 Relative abundance	相对盖度 Relative coverage	相对频度 Relative frequency	重要值 Importance value
乔木层 Arbor	色木槭	Acer mono	1.37%	78.73%	2.15%	27.42%
	臭冷杉	Abies nephrolepis	22.39%	4.35%	20.57%	15.77%
	紫椴	Tilia amurensis	12.14%	4.27%	11.05%	9.15%
	髭脉槭	Acer barbinerve	12.33%	0.51%	9.40%	7.41%
	花楷槭	Acer ukurunduense	11.64%	0.54%	9.55%	7.24%
	东北红豆杉	Taxus cuspidata	6.79%	1.80%	8.64%	5.74%
	青楷槭	Acer tegmentosum	8.06%	0.66%	7.04%	5.25%
	红松	Pinus koraiensis	4.08%	2.55%	5.60%	4.08%
	硕桦	Betula costata	4.90%	1.50%	5.66%	4.02%
	鱼鳞云杉	Picea jezoensis	3.41%	2.06%	4.95%	3.47%
	杉松	Abies holophylla	2.88%	0.55%	3.71%	2.38%
灌木层 Shrub	软枣猕猴桃	Actinidia arguta	17.09%	30.29%	15.67%	21.02%
	狗枣猕猴桃	Actinidia kolomikta	18.18%	18.60%	11.04%	15.94%
	刺五加	Acanthopanax senticosus	9.02%	8.40%	11.48%	9.63%
	长白忍冬	Lonicera ruprechtiana	11.60%	6.29%	9.05%	8.98%
	东北溲疏	Deutzia parviflora	5.70%	9.01%	8.17%	7.63%
	瘤枝卫矛	Euonymus verrucosus	4.61%	2.70%	7.51%	4.94%
	五味子	Schisandra chinensis	6.38%	5.55%	2.43%	4.78%
	长白茶藨	Ribes komarovii	5.36%	2.30%	6.18%	4.61%
	栓翅卫矛	Euonymus phellomanus	6.21%	1.82%	4.86%	4.30%
	卫矛	Euonymus alatus	3.26%	1.29%	5.74%	3.43%
	东北山梅花	Philadelphus schrenkii	2.68%	4.36%	3.09%	3.38%
	辽东楤木	Aralia elata	1.80%	2.99%	3.09%	2.62%
草本层 Herbage	盾叶唐松草	Thalictrum ichangense	11.46%	9.62%	17.82%	12.97%
	东北羊角芹	Aegopodium alpestre	11.83%	8.34%	14.50%	11.56%
	舞鹤草	Maianthemum bifolium	12.47%	11.24%	9.75%	11.15%
	白花酢浆草	Oxalis acetosella	14.00%	9.83%	9.07%	10.97%
	丝引薹草	Carex remotiuscula	9.95%	6.06%	5.40%	7.14%
	稀羽鳞毛蕨	Dryopteris sparsa	4.83%	4.64%	9.25%	6.24%
	华西龙头草	Meehania fargesii	2.85%	3.97%	2.50%	3.11%
	东北蹄盖蕨	Athyrium brevifrons	0.88%	1.41%	4.16%	2.15%
	毛缘薹草	Carex pilosa	2.24%	1.75%	2.16%	2.05%

科名 Family	属数 No. of genus	属的百分比 % of genus	种数 No. of species	种的百分比 % of species
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	9	9.09	11	7.64
槭树科 Aceraceae	1	1.01	9	6.25
松科 Pinaceae	4	4.04	9	6.25
百合科 Liliaceae	8	8.08	8	5.56
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	6	6.06	8	5.56
虎耳草科 Saxifragaceae	6	6.06	7	4.86
桦木科 Betulaceae	3	3.03	6	4.17
伞形科 Umbelliferae	6	6.06	6	4.17
堇菜科 Violaceae	1	1.01	5	3.47
菊科 Compositae	4	4.04	5	3.47
其他 Other families	51	51.52	70	48.61

科名 Family	属数 No. of genus	属的百分比 % of genus	种数 No. of species	种的百分比 % of species
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	9	9.09	11	7.64
槭树科 Aceraceae	1	1.01	9	6.25
松科 Pinaceae	4	4.04	9	6.25
百合科 Liliaceae	8	8.08	8	5.56
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	6	6.06	8	5.56
虎耳草科 Saxifragaceae	6	6.06	7	4.86
桦木科 Betulaceae	3	3.03	6	4.17
伞形科 Umbelliferae	6	6.06	6	4.17
堇菜科 Violaceae	1	1.01	5	3.47
菊科 Compositae	4	4.04	5	3.47
其他 Other families	51	51.52	70	48.61

编号 Number	群丛名称 Association	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	土壤水分 Soil humidity	分布林场 Forest farm
Ⅰ	舞鹤草-五味子+狗枣猕猴桃-紫椴+臭冷杉群丛 Maianthemum bifolium-Schisandra chinensis+Actinidia kolomikta-Tilia amurensis+Abies nephrolepis	800-940	13°-24°	10%-25%	杜荒子林场 Duhuangzi Forest Farm
II	东北羊角芹-狗枣猕猴桃-臭冷杉群丛 Aegopodium alpestre-Actinidia kolomikta-Abies nephrolepis	745	20°	28%	马滴答林场 Madida Forest Farm
III	盾叶唐松草-狗枣猕猴桃-臭冷杉群丛 Thalictrum ichangense-Actinidia kolomikta-Abies nephrolepis	680-900	3°-27°	20%-40%	金钩岭林场、兰家、荒沟林场 Jingouling, Lanjia, and Huanggou Forest Farms
IV	舞鹤草-软枣猕猴桃-红松+紫椴+臭冷杉群丛 Maianthemum bifolium-Actinidia arguta-Pinus koraiensis + Tilia amurensis + Abies nephrolepis	970-1,200	10°-35°	12.6%-40%	和龙市荒沟林场 Helong Forest Farm
V	舞鹤草-软枣猕猴桃-紫椴+臭冷杉群丛 Maianthemum bifolium-Actinidia arguta-Tilia amurensis + Abies nephrolepis	800-890	25°-30°	15%-25%	和龙市荒沟林场 Helong Forest Farm