生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (8): 958-964. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019420
黄敦元1,*(), 黄世贵3, 王建皓3, 李红英1, 窦飞越1, 张可1, 朱祥龙3, 马方舟2,*(
)
收稿日期:
2019-12-31
接受日期:
2020-06-28
出版日期:
2020-08-20
发布日期:
2020-07-28
通讯作者:
黄敦元,马方舟
作者简介:
. E-mail: huangdunyuan@126.com;基金资助:
Dunyuan Huang1,*(), Shigui Huang3, Jianhao Wang3, Hongying Li1, Feiyue Dou1, Ke Zhang1, Xianglong Zhu3, Fangzhou Ma2,*(
)
Received:
2019-12-31
Accepted:
2020-06-28
Online:
2020-08-20
Published:
2020-07-28
Contact:
Dunyuan Huang,Fangzhou Ma
摘要:
为研究齐云山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性, 2016年4月至2018年10月, 作者在江西齐云山国家级自然保护区不同生境选取5条长2,000 m的固定样线进行了每年6次、累计18次的蝶类多样性调查。共记录到蝴蝶6,946只, 隶属5科106属189种, 其中东洋界种类是优势类群(183种, 占总种数的96.8%)。蛱蝶科的种类最多(81种, 占42.9%), 其物种丰富度指数(R = 8.42)、多样性指数(H′= 3.21)和优势度指数(D = 0.60)较高, 属于优势类群。齐云山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶个体数从4月开始逐渐增加, 到6-7月基本稳定并维持到10月;物种数在4-10月基本稳定, 具有较高的多样性指数。保护区内不同生境观测样线的蝴蝶种类和数目有较大的差异: 针阔混交林的桐江样线蝴蝶种类(126种, 占66.7%)及数目(1,945只, 占28.2%)最多, 其物种丰富度指数(R = 16.51)最高; 常绿阔叶林的上十八垒样线蝴蝶数目相对较少(905只, 占13.0%), 但是蝴蝶种类相对较多(103种, 占54.5%), 所以多样性指数(H′= 3.93)和优势度指数(D = 0.85)较高; 农田和果园生境的三角潭样线由于生境简单且人为干扰强度较大, 蝴蝶物种数相对较少(97种, 占51.3%)。研究表明: 江西省齐云山国家级自然保护区的蝴蝶区系组成以东洋区为绝对主导的分布类型, 蝴蝶群落多样性与生境类型有明显的相关性, 季节性的农耕活动、除草剂农药的大量使用、寄主植物的大量砍伐等人类活动威胁到蝴蝶的多样性及蝶类群落结构的稳定性。
黄敦元, 黄世贵, 王建皓, 李红英, 窦飞越, 张可, 朱祥龙, 马方舟 (2020) 齐云山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性. 生物多样性, 28, 958-964. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019420.
Dunyuan Huang, Shigui Huang, Jianhao Wang, Hongying Li, Feiyue Dou, Ke Zhang, Xianglong Zhu, Fangzhou Ma (2020) Diversity of butterfly communities in the Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 28, 958-964. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019420.
样线 Transect | 经纬度 Locality | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 主要生境类型 Major habitat type | 郁闭度(平均值±标准差) Canopy density (mean ± SD) | 人类干扰 Human disturbance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
上十八垒 Shangshibalei | 25.87° N 114.03° E | 925-1,420 | 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest | 0.95 ± 0.12 | 季节性旅游 Seasonal tourism |
下十八垒 Xiashibalei | 25.83° N 114.03° E | 671-719 | 常绿阔叶林加河流 Evergreen broad-leaved forest and river | 0.55 ± 0.15 | 除草剂的使用 Herbicide application |
桐江 Tongjiang | 25.82° N 114.05° E | 563-614 | 针阔混交林 Mixed wood | 0.75 ± 0.11 | 基本没有 Almost none |
鸡公坝 Jigongba | 25.82° N 114.08° E | 607-827 | 针阔混交林 Mixed wood | 0.68 ± 0.13 | 基本没有 Almost none |
三角潭 Sanjiaotan | 25.79° N 114.11° E | 369-438 | 农田和果园 Farmland and orchard | 0.45 ± 0.16 | 除草剂的使用 Herbicide application |
Table 1 Basic information of different transects in the Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve
样线 Transect | 经纬度 Locality | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 主要生境类型 Major habitat type | 郁闭度(平均值±标准差) Canopy density (mean ± SD) | 人类干扰 Human disturbance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
上十八垒 Shangshibalei | 25.87° N 114.03° E | 925-1,420 | 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest | 0.95 ± 0.12 | 季节性旅游 Seasonal tourism |
下十八垒 Xiashibalei | 25.83° N 114.03° E | 671-719 | 常绿阔叶林加河流 Evergreen broad-leaved forest and river | 0.55 ± 0.15 | 除草剂的使用 Herbicide application |
桐江 Tongjiang | 25.82° N 114.05° E | 563-614 | 针阔混交林 Mixed wood | 0.75 ± 0.11 | 基本没有 Almost none |
鸡公坝 Jigongba | 25.82° N 114.08° E | 607-827 | 针阔混交林 Mixed wood | 0.68 ± 0.13 | 基本没有 Almost none |
三角潭 Sanjiaotan | 25.79° N 114.11° E | 369-438 | 农田和果园 Farmland and orchard | 0.45 ± 0.16 | 除草剂的使用 Herbicide application |
科名 Family | 属数 No. of genera | 物种数 No. of species | 丰富度指数 Richness index | 多样性指数 Diversity index | 均匀度指数 Evenness index | 优势度指数 Dominance index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
凤蝶科 Papilionidae | 7 | 20 | 2.00 | 1.65 | 0.92 | 0.24 |
粉蝶科 Pieridae | 10 | 15 | 2.95 | 2.06 | 0.94 | 0.15 |
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae | 38 | 81 | 8.42 | 3.21 | 0.88 | 0.60 |
灰蝶科 Hesperiidae | 24 | 30 | 6.76 | 3.11 | 0.98 | 0.05 |
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae | 27 | 43 | 6.65 | 3.10 | 0.95 | 0.05 |
Table 2 Diversity indices of butterfly community in the Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve
科名 Family | 属数 No. of genera | 物种数 No. of species | 丰富度指数 Richness index | 多样性指数 Diversity index | 均匀度指数 Evenness index | 优势度指数 Dominance index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
凤蝶科 Papilionidae | 7 | 20 | 2.00 | 1.65 | 0.92 | 0.24 |
粉蝶科 Pieridae | 10 | 15 | 2.95 | 2.06 | 0.94 | 0.15 |
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae | 38 | 81 | 8.42 | 3.21 | 0.88 | 0.60 |
灰蝶科 Hesperiidae | 24 | 30 | 6.76 | 3.11 | 0.98 | 0.05 |
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae | 27 | 43 | 6.65 | 3.10 | 0.95 | 0.05 |
样线 Transect | 物种数 No. of species | 个体数 No. of individuals | 丰富度指数 Richness index | 多样性指数 Diversity index | 均匀度指数 Evenness index | 优势度指数 Dominance index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
上十八垒 Shangshibalei | 103 | 905 | 14.98 | 3.93 | 0.85 | 0.03 |
下十八垒 Xiashibalei | 88 | 1,189 | 12.29 | 3.62 | 0.81 | 0.04 |
桐江 Tongjiang | 126 | 1,945 | 16.51 | 3.80 | 0.79 | 0.05 |
鸡公坝 Jigongba | 108 | 1,449 | 14.70 | 3.90 | 0.83 | 0.03 |
三角潭 Sanjiaotan | 97 | 1,458 | 13.19 | 3.22 | 0.70 | 0.09 |
Table 3 Diversity indices of butterfly community in different transects of the Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve
样线 Transect | 物种数 No. of species | 个体数 No. of individuals | 丰富度指数 Richness index | 多样性指数 Diversity index | 均匀度指数 Evenness index | 优势度指数 Dominance index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
上十八垒 Shangshibalei | 103 | 905 | 14.98 | 3.93 | 0.85 | 0.03 |
下十八垒 Xiashibalei | 88 | 1,189 | 12.29 | 3.62 | 0.81 | 0.04 |
桐江 Tongjiang | 126 | 1,945 | 16.51 | 3.80 | 0.79 | 0.05 |
鸡公坝 Jigongba | 108 | 1,449 | 14.70 | 3.90 | 0.83 | 0.03 |
三角潭 Sanjiaotan | 97 | 1,458 | 13.19 | 3.22 | 0.70 | 0.09 |
图1 齐云山国家级自然保护区不同样线蝴蝶物种数(a)和个体数(b)的年动态(平均值±标准差)
Fig. 1 Fluctuation of butterfly species (a) and individuals (b) in different transects of the Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve (mean ± SD)
图2 齐云山国家级自然保护区不同年份蝴蝶物种数(a)和个体数(b)的时间动态图(平均值±标准差)
Fig. 2 Fluctuation of butterfly species (a) and individuals (b) in different years of the Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve (mean ± SD)
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