泉州湾海域鱼类多样性及营养级变化

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.420

生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4): 420-427. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.420

• 论文 • 上一篇

泉州湾海域鱼类多样性及营养级变化

杜建国¹, 陈彬¹^,^*(), 卢振彬², 宋普庆¹, 许章程¹, 俞炜炜¹, 宋希坤³

1 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所, 厦门 361005
2 福建水产研究所, 厦门 361002
3 福建省海洋环境与渔业资源监测中心, 福州 350003

收稿日期:2010-05-17 接受日期:2010-07-24 出版日期:2010-07-20 发布日期:2010-07-20
通讯作者: 陈彬
作者简介:*E-mail: chenbin910@yahoo.com.cn
基金资助:
海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200705029);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200805064);国家908专项资助项目(908-02-04-08)

Changes of fish diversity and trophic levels in Quanzhou Bay

Jianguo Du¹, Bin Chen¹^,^*(), Zhenbin Lu², Puqing Song¹, Zhangcheng Xu¹, Weiwei Yu¹, Xikun Song³

1 Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005
2 Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361002
3 Monitoring Centre of Marine Environment and Fishery Resources of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350003

Received:2010-05-17 Accepted:2010-07-24 Online:2010-07-20 Published:2010-07-20
Contact: Bin Chen

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2008年5月和10月在泉州湾进行的拖网渔业资源调查资料, 探讨了该海域鱼类群落结构和物种多样性特征。结果表明, 两次拖网调查共鉴定鱼类54种, 隶属于2纲13目32科。其中中上层鱼类12种, 近底层鱼类19种, 底层鱼类23种; 暖水性鱼类40种, 暖温性鱼类14种, 未发现冷温性和冷水性种类; 杂食性鱼类4种, 低级肉食性鱼类37种, 中级肉食性鱼类8种, 高级肉食性鱼类5种。白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)和叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)是5月份最主要的优势种, 凤鲚(Coilia mystus)和龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)是10月份最主要的优势种。与1985年的调查资料相比, 泉州湾鱼类组成和优势种发生了很大的变化, 多样性指数由3.05下降到2.32, 均匀度指数由0.76下降到0.58, 营养级指数由2.79下降到2.54。泉州湾鱼类多样性下降的主要原因可能是过度捕捞、水域污染和栖息地丧失等。

关键词: 泉州湾, 群落结构, 优势种, 营养级指数

Abstract

The composition and diversity of fish species in Quanzhou Bay waters are analyzed based on 2 seasonal surveys in 2008. A total of 54 fish species belonging to 32 families, 13 orders and 2 classes are recorded. According to their living environment, the fishes can be grouped into 3 types, among them 12 species are pelagic fish, 19 are near demersal fish and 23 demersal fish. According to temperature adaptation, the fishes can be divided into 2 types, i.e. 40 species are warm water and the rest 14 are temperate warm water fish. In terms of food habit, they can be grouped into 4 types, of which 4 species of omnivores, 37 lower carnivorous, 8 middle carnivorous and 5 higher carnivorous. Argyrosomus argentatus and Johnius belengerii were the first dominant species in May. Then, they were replaced by Coilia mystus and Harpodon nehereus in October. Comparing with a survey in 1985, we find that the species composition and the dominant species of the bay have changed obviously. The Shannon-Wiener index decreased from 3.05 to 2.32, the Pielou evenness decreased from 0.76 to 0.58, the trophic index decreased from 2.79 to 2.54. It is suggested that factors such as overfishing, water pollution and habitat loss may have reduced the fish diversity of the bay.

Key words: Quanzhou Bay, species composition, dominant species, trophic index

杜建国, 陈彬, 卢振彬, 宋普庆, 许章程, 俞炜炜, 宋希坤 (2010) 泉州湾海域鱼类多样性及营养级变化. 生物多样性, 18, 420-427. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.420.

Jianguo Du, Bin Chen, Zhenbin Lu, Puqing Song, Zhangcheng Xu, Weiwei Yu, Xikun Song (2010) Changes of fish diversity and trophic levels in Quanzhou Bay. Biodiversity Science, 18, 420-427. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.420.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.420

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2010/V18/I4/420

图/表 4

参考文献 30

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营养级 Trophic level	重量百分比 Weight Percentage	尾数百分比 Individual Percentage	适温性 Temperature		生态型 Habitat
营养级 Trophic level	重量百分比 Weight Percentage	尾数百分比 Individual Percentage	暖水性 Warm water species	暖温性 Warm temperature species		中上层Pelagic fish			近底层 Near demersal fish		底层 Demersal fish
杂食性 Omnivores
鲻鱼 Mugil cephalus	0.03	0.03	√		√
丽叶鲹 Caranx kalla	0.14	0.11	√		√
青鳞小沙丁鱼 Sardinella zunasi	0.05	0.04	√		√
斑鰶 Clupanodon punctatus	0.53	0.14	√		√
低级肉食性 Lower carnivorous
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonii	0.02	0.19	√		√
拟矛尾鰕虎鱼 Parachaeturichthys polynema	0.01	0.06	√							√
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias	0.02	0.03		√						√
鳓鱼 Ilisha elongate	0.46	0.23	√		√
赤鼻棱鳀 Thrissa kammalensis	0.20	0.23	√		√
黄鲫 Setipinna taty	2.74	2.26	√		√
鹿斑鲾 Leiognathus ruconius	1.67	6.88	√					√
裘氏小沙丁鱼 Sardinella jussieu	0.07	0.06	√		√
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama	0.07	0.06	√					√
白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus	7.90	2.57	√					√
棕腹刺鲀 Gastrophysus spadiceus	1.22	0.20	√					√
横纹东方鲀 Fugu oblongus	0.53	0.17	√					√
中国鲳 Pampus chinensis	0.82	0.03		√	√
刺鲳 Psenopsis anomala	0.19	0.13		√				√
汉氏棱鳀 Thrissa hamiltonii	0.01	0.06	√		√
凤鲚 Coilia mystus	39.78	64.06	√		√
短棘银鲈 Gerres lucidus	0.16	0.10	√					√
倒棘鲬 Rogadius asper	0.11	0.03	√							√
日本瞳鲬 Inegocia japonica	0.08	0.09		√						√
鲬 Platycephalus indicus	0.05	0.03	√							√
圆鳞鳎 Liachirus melanospilus	0.01	0.03	√							√
斑头舌鳎 Cynolossus puncticeps	0.02	0.03	√							√
焦氏舌鳎 C. joyneri	0.72	0.21		√						√
铅点东方鲀 Fugu alboplumbeus	0.03	0.04		√				√
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus	11.05	9.69	√					√
中华海鲇 Arius sinensis	2.03	2.55	√							√
叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii	6.83	2.70	√					√
团头叫姑鱼 J. amblycephalus	0.40	0.14	√							√
鯻鱼 Therapon theraps	0.04	0.23	√					√
褐菖鲉 Sebastiscus marmoratus	0.14	0.07	√							√
黄魟 Dasyatis bennetti	1.25	0.06	√							√
尖尾鳗 Uroconger lepturus	0.18	0.21	√							√
红狼牙鰕虎鱼 Odontamblyopus rubicundus	0.17	0.43		√						√
孔鰕虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina	1.36	1.45	√							√
六指马鲅 Polydactylus sextarius	2.50	2.07	√					√
尖头黄鳍牙鰔 Chrysochir aureus	0.10	0.03	√					√
凯氏红娘鱼 Lepidotrigla kishinouyi	0.02	0.09	√							√
中级肉食性 Middle carnivorous
营养级 Trophic level	重量百分比 Weight Percentage	尾数百分比 Individual Percentage	适温性 Temperature		生态型 Habitat
营养级 Trophic level	重量百分比 Weight Percentage	尾数百分比 Individual Percentage	暖水性 Warm water species	暖温性 Warm temperature species			中上层Pelagic fish	近底层 Near demersal fish		底层 Demersal fish
条纹斑竹鲨 Chiloscyllium plagiosum	0.04	0.03	√							√
中国团扇鳐 Platyrhina sinensis	0.46	0.03		√				√
尖嘴魟 Dasyatis zugei	9.71	0.11	√							√
大黄鱼 Larimichthys crocea	0.18	0.03		√				√
舌鰕虎鱼 Glossogobius giuris	0.05	0.13		√						√
日本单鳍电鳐 Narke japonica	0.08	0.03		√						√
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata	0.10	0.07		√						√
海鳗 Muraenesox cinereus	3.07	0.09	√							√
高级肉食性 Higher carnivorous
油魣 Sphyraena pinguis	0.28	0.07	√					√
日本金线鱼 Nemipterus japonicus	0.03	0.03	√							√
带鱼 Trichiurus lepturus	0.63	1.22		√				√
小带鱼 Euplerogrammus muticus	1.20	0.37		√				√
黑印真鲨 Carcharhinus menisorrah	0.48	0.03	√					√

营养级 Trophic level	重量百分比 Weight Percentage	尾数百分比 Individual Percentage	适温性 Temperature		生态型 Habitat
营养级 Trophic level	重量百分比 Weight Percentage	尾数百分比 Individual Percentage	暖水性 Warm water species	暖温性 Warm temperature species		中上层Pelagic fish			近底层 Near demersal fish		底层 Demersal fish
杂食性 Omnivores
鲻鱼 Mugil cephalus	0.03	0.03	√		√
丽叶鲹 Caranx kalla	0.14	0.11	√		√
青鳞小沙丁鱼 Sardinella zunasi	0.05	0.04	√		√
斑鰶 Clupanodon punctatus	0.53	0.14	√		√
低级肉食性 Lower carnivorous
康氏小公鱼 Stolephorus commersonii	0.02	0.19	√		√
拟矛尾鰕虎鱼 Parachaeturichthys polynema	0.01	0.06	√							√
矛尾鰕虎鱼 Chaeturichthys stigmatias	0.02	0.03		√						√
鳓鱼 Ilisha elongate	0.46	0.23	√		√
赤鼻棱鳀 Thrissa kammalensis	0.20	0.23	√		√
黄鲫 Setipinna taty	2.74	2.26	√		√
鹿斑鲾 Leiognathus ruconius	1.67	6.88	√					√
裘氏小沙丁鱼 Sardinella jussieu	0.07	0.06	√		√
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama	0.07	0.06	√					√
白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus	7.90	2.57	√					√
棕腹刺鲀 Gastrophysus spadiceus	1.22	0.20	√					√
横纹东方鲀 Fugu oblongus	0.53	0.17	√					√
中国鲳 Pampus chinensis	0.82	0.03		√	√
刺鲳 Psenopsis anomala	0.19	0.13		√				√
汉氏棱鳀 Thrissa hamiltonii	0.01	0.06	√		√
凤鲚 Coilia mystus	39.78	64.06	√		√
短棘银鲈 Gerres lucidus	0.16	0.10	√					√
倒棘鲬 Rogadius asper	0.11	0.03	√							√
日本瞳鲬 Inegocia japonica	0.08	0.09		√						√
鲬 Platycephalus indicus	0.05	0.03	√							√
圆鳞鳎 Liachirus melanospilus	0.01	0.03	√							√
斑头舌鳎 Cynolossus puncticeps	0.02	0.03	√							√
焦氏舌鳎 C. joyneri	0.72	0.21		√						√
铅点东方鲀 Fugu alboplumbeus	0.03	0.04		√				√
龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus	11.05	9.69	√					√
中华海鲇 Arius sinensis	2.03	2.55	√							√
叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii	6.83	2.70	√					√
团头叫姑鱼 J. amblycephalus	0.40	0.14	√							√
鯻鱼 Therapon theraps	0.04	0.23	√					√
褐菖鲉 Sebastiscus marmoratus	0.14	0.07	√							√
黄魟 Dasyatis bennetti	1.25	0.06	√							√
尖尾鳗 Uroconger lepturus	0.18	0.21	√							√
红狼牙鰕虎鱼 Odontamblyopus rubicundus	0.17	0.43		√						√
孔鰕虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina	1.36	1.45	√							√
六指马鲅 Polydactylus sextarius	2.50	2.07	√					√
尖头黄鳍牙鰔 Chrysochir aureus	0.10	0.03	√					√
凯氏红娘鱼 Lepidotrigla kishinouyi	0.02	0.09	√							√
中级肉食性 Middle carnivorous
营养级 Trophic level	重量百分比 Weight Percentage	尾数百分比 Individual Percentage	适温性 Temperature		生态型 Habitat
营养级 Trophic level	重量百分比 Weight Percentage	尾数百分比 Individual Percentage	暖水性 Warm water species	暖温性 Warm temperature species			中上层Pelagic fish	近底层 Near demersal fish		底层 Demersal fish
条纹斑竹鲨 Chiloscyllium plagiosum	0.04	0.03	√							√
中国团扇鳐 Platyrhina sinensis	0.46	0.03		√				√
尖嘴魟 Dasyatis zugei	9.71	0.11	√							√
大黄鱼 Larimichthys crocea	0.18	0.03		√				√
舌鰕虎鱼 Glossogobius giuris	0.05	0.13		√						√
日本单鳍电鳐 Narke japonica	0.08	0.03		√						√
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata	0.10	0.07		√						√
海鳗 Muraenesox cinereus	3.07	0.09	√							√
高级肉食性 Higher carnivorous
油魣 Sphyraena pinguis	0.28	0.07	√					√
日本金线鱼 Nemipterus japonicus	0.03	0.03	√							√
带鱼 Trichiurus lepturus	0.63	1.22		√				√
小带鱼 Euplerogrammus muticus	1.20	0.37		√				√
黑印真鲨 Carcharhinus menisorrah	0.48	0.03	√					√

月份 Month	1号站 Station 1		2号站 Station 2		3号站 Station 3		平均 Average
月份 Month	重量密度 Weight density	尾数密度 Individual density	重量密度 Weight density	尾数密度 Individual density	重量密度 Weight density	尾数密度 Individual density	重量密度 Weight density	尾数密度 Individual density
5月 May	115.13	3,566	332.78	10,299	418.01	13,265	288.64	9,044
10月 Oct.	370.09	10,599	2,052.40	168,053	233.11	29,098	885.20	69,250

月份 Month	1号站 Station 1		2号站 Station 2		3号站 Station 3		平均 Average
月份 Month	重量密度 Weight density	尾数密度 Individual density	重量密度 Weight density	尾数密度 Individual density	重量密度 Weight density	尾数密度 Individual density	重量密度 Weight density	尾数密度 Individual density
5月 May	115.13	3,566	332.78	10,299	418.01	13,265	288.64	9,044
10月 Oct.	370.09	10,599	2,052.40	168,053	233.11	29,098	885.20	69,250

时间 Time	优势种 Dominant species	重量密度 Weight density	尾数密度 Individual density	重量百分比 weight percentage	尾数百分比 Individual percentage	出现频率 Occurrence frequency	优势度 Dominance
5月 May	白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus	92.35	1,989	31.99	21.99	100	53.98
	叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii	79.31	2,022	27.48	22.36	100	49.84
	黄鲫 Setipinna taty	28.39	1,611	9.84	17.81	66.67	18.43
	孔鰕虎鱼 Trypauchen vagina	14.80	1,067	5.13	11.79	100	16.92
	龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus	19.55	400	6.77	4.42	66.67	7.46
10月 Oct.	凤鲚 Coilia mystus	461.00	49,807	52.08	71.92	100	124.00
	龙头鱼 Harpodon nehereus	10.10	7,188	12.44	10.38	100	22.82
	尖嘴魟 Dasyatis zugei	111.99	67	12.65	9.63	66.67	14.85
	中华海鲇 Arius sinensis	23.88	2,000	2.70	2.89	100	5.59
	鹿斑鲾 Leiognathus ruconius	19.33	5,333	2.18	7.70	33.33	3.29

泉州湾海域鱼类多样性及营养级变化

Changes of fish diversity and trophic levels in Quanzhou Bay

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